英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況NewZealand

1、生物生物1122姜宗森孫文鞠丹崔雨婕geography the geographical features: new zealand is in the southern pacific ocean, halfway between the equator and the south pole. it is located within the ring of fire, a region encircling the pacific ocean where the movement of tectonic plates 板塊 leads to volcanic and seismic5sai

2、zmik 地震 activity. (新西蘭是南太平洋，位于赤道和南極。這是 位于內(nèi)的火環(huán)，環(huán)繞在構(gòu)造板塊的運(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的火山和地震活動(dòng)的太平洋地區(qū))1.it has two main islands: north island and south island. mt cook(庫(kù)克山): the highest peak, 3,754 meters high; lake taupo(陶波湖): the largest lake, covering 606 sq km; it is 40 km long and 27 km wide. in the surrounding area are nu

3、merous geysers and hot springs. the clutha(該克盧撒): the largest river, 336 km long in the south island.large, long group of islands from north to southtwo main landmasses（陸地）: north island south island separated by the cook strait（庫(kù)克海峽）third largest island is stewart island south of south islandcapita

4、l: wellington(惠靈頓）largest city: auckland（奧克蘭） the land north island volcanoes(火山）mountains south island mountain chains lakes, rivers, inlets（入口） cool, rainy, forestedclimatethe climate of new zealand is generally temperate, but because the country runs northsouth, the climate is varied.new zealands

5、 climate is dominated by two main geographical features-the sea and the mountains.since the small landmass of new zealand is surrounded by a large expanse of ocean ,the climate of new zealand is temperate oceanic,which means that the seasonal variations in new zealand are much slighter than in conti

6、nental countries.major citieswellington（惠靈頓） is the captial of new zealand .located at the southern tip of the north island, it is the worlds most southern captial .in terms of population ,it is new zealands second largest city . auckland(奧克蘭） ,located in the northern part of the north island auckla

7、nd ,located in the northern part of the north island,is the largest city in new zealand .it has about 1.5 million inhabitants ,one-third of the countrys entire population .in the maori language ,auckland means the city of 100 lovers.it earned this name because it was a place desired by all and conqu

8、ered by many.historydiscovery of new zealandnew zealand as a colony(作為一個(gè)殖民地)new zealand as a dominion(新西蘭為自治領(lǐng))new zealand as a realm(新西蘭成為王國(guó)）discoverythe first inhabitants（ 第一批居民）polynesian（ 波利尼西亞波利尼西亞）people, ancestors of the maoris （毛利人）（毛利人）between around 700 and 2000 years ago cooperate, compete

9、, fight with each otherdeveloped their distinct moriori culture（不同（不同的毛利人文化的毛利人文化.） the dutch explorer abel tasman the first european（阿貝爾塔斯曼）during his voyage of 1642-43 without setting foot ashore（上岸）（上岸） crew（船員）（船員） killed.new zealand as a colonycolony(18401907)the first significant voyage（航行） of

10、 discovery was undertaken by james cook,who began extensive exploraton of the islands in 1769 . it was cook（庫(kù)克） who proved that new zealand consisted of two islands.cooks voyage eventually led to the european colonization of it. an increasing number of settlers came to new zealand either to trade or

11、 to buy land for farming（越來(lái)越多的定居者來(lái)到新西蘭的任何貿(mào)易或買地耕作）.the captain cook new zealand became a british colony: signing of the treaty of waitangi（簽署懷唐伊條約） in 1840,british representatives of the british crown and chiefs of the native maoris signed the treaty of waitangi.（ 1840，土著毛利人和英國(guó)代表英國(guó)王室的首領(lǐng)簽署條約）contents

12、of the treaty:（條約的內(nèi)容）the impact of the treaty on new zealand now:（條約在新西蘭現(xiàn)在的影響）new zealand as a dominionfrom a colony to a dominion: in 1907,new zealand changed from a british colony to a separate dominion, equal in status to australia and canada.six stages of new zealand as a dominionin 1907 ,from a

13、 british colony to a separate dominion (1907年,從英國(guó)殖民地獨(dú)立的統(tǒng)治)during world war ,new zealand enthusiastically backed britain and suffered large casualties .(第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間、新西蘭熱情地支持英國(guó),遭受了巨大的人員傷亡)in the late 1920s,encountered economy problems and took measures to solve them.(在1920年代末,遇到經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題和采取措施解決這些問(wèn)題。)in world

14、 war once again suffered extraordinary casualties .(在世界大戰(zhàn)再次遭受了非同尋常的傷亡。)after world war , new zealand entered into a period of sustained(持續(xù)的) economy growth ,and it strengthened its relationship(關(guān)系) with the united states .in 1947, new zealand was total independence from britain.in1983, the term “dom

15、inion” was replaced with “realm”. new zealand signed the anzus treaty（the australia, new zealand, united states security treaty澳新美公約)with the united states and australia .in 1951new zealand as a realmnuclear policy and david russell langefamous prime ministergovernmentindependent stateconstitutional

16、 monarchy with a parliamentary democracy(君主立憲制和議會(huì)民主制)no written constitution, but the constitution act(憲法法案) of 1986 defines the structure of the government.three branches of government legislative (parliament)(立法(國(guó)會(huì)) executive (departments and agencies)(主管(部門和機(jī)構(gòu)) judicial (courts)head of state: que

17、en elizabeth ii(女王伊麗莎白二世), represented by a governor-general role is mainly ceremonial, real political power is held by the prime minister who is head of the government(作用主要是禮儀,真正的政治權(quán)力是由總理舉行的政府)the legislature parliament(議會(huì)) developed from the british parliamentary system(英國(guó)議會(huì)制度稱) known as the westm

18、inster system(威斯敏斯特體系) of government,and is the law-making body of the new zealand government. consists of sovereign(君主) and house of representatives(眾議院)the executive-the branch of the new zealand government is made of the cabinet ,the prime minister and the public sector .(新西蘭政府的分支是由內(nèi)閣,首相和公共部門)-th

19、e governor general is appointed by the sovereign on the prime ministers recommendation for a term of five years.(總督任命的主權(quán)在總理的推薦詞的五年)the judiciarythe judiciary applies the law by hearing and deciding cases. it is made up of judges and judicial officersthe judiciary (court system) is independent of the

20、 governmentpeople as mentioned earlier, new zealand is a multi-ethnic country, including the pacific people (from) the pacific, asia, the middle east, latin america, europe, and the local maori. new zealand people warm and friendly, most people prefer outdoor activities. (如前所述，新西蘭是一個(gè)多種族國(guó)家，其中包括太平洋人（來(lái)

21、自太平洋地區(qū)），亞洲、中東、拉美、歐洲人、以及當(dāng)?shù)氐拿?。新西蘭人熱情友好，大部分人喜愛(ài)戶外運(yùn)動(dòng))maoriindigenous people14.6% of the population in 2006most live now in urban areaskinship and tribal role still very importantecology and economyno land mammals (哺乳動(dòng)物)until 1,000 years agolots of flightless (不會(huì)飛的)birds kiwi bird(奇異鳥(niǎo))livestock(牲畜) impo

22、rtant to economy. sheepagriculture also important kiwi-fruitforestry(林業(yè)), fishing, geoenergy(地表熱能)less than 4 million consumers, so economy dependent on exportsservice provider, consultinglanguages both english and maori are official languages of new zealand.in april 2006 new zealand become the firs

23、t country to declare sign language as an official language,alongside english and maori.(英語(yǔ)和毛利語(yǔ)是新西蘭的官方語(yǔ)言。在四月2006新西蘭成為第一個(gè)宣布手語(yǔ)作為官方語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家，除了英語(yǔ)和毛利。) maori is only used in new zealand and nowhere else in the world.despite its official status ,the language continues to struggle for life.it is only recently that the maori language has gathered widespread support.（毛利僅用于在新西蘭和世界官方地位沒(méi)有別的語(yǔ)言，繼續(xù)奮斗的生活。直到最近，毛利人的語(yǔ)言已聚集了廣泛的支持）educationeducation in new zealand education is freely available to everyone.