高一定語從句的優(yōu)質(zhì)課件

1、complex sentence 復(fù)合句：復(fù)合句：由由連詞連詞連接兩個或多個連接兩個或多個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的句子，其中一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句），另一個或一個以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作，另一個或一個以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作某個成分某個成分（如主語、賓語、表語、（如主語、賓語、表語、定語定語、狀語、同位語）。、狀語、同位語）。復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 = =主句主句+定語從句定語從句一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句）另一個或一個以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)另一個或一個以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作只在句子中作某個成分（定語）某個

2、成分（定語）the students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主句主語主句主語從句主語從句主語從句謂語結(jié)構(gòu)從句謂語結(jié)構(gòu)主句謂語結(jié)構(gòu)主句謂語結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作在句子中作定語定語，修飾，修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的從句。這種從句由的從句。這種從句由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞或或關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分。引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分。 定語從句還叫做定語從句還叫做嵌入句嵌入句，因形容詞定語，所以又稱之為因形容詞定語，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句形容詞性從句。attributive clause:定語從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語從句的位

3、置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞指人指人指物指物who(主語、賓語主語、賓語)，whom(賓語賓語)，that(主語、賓語主語、賓語), whose(定語定語)that(主語、賓語主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語主語、賓語)whose(定語定語)where (地點狀語地點狀語)when (時間狀語時間狀語)why (原因狀語原因狀語)先行代詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行代詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系1.a plane is a machine that can fly. 2.the boy who broke the window is called tom.3.

4、the boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.the school where i study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where關(guān)系代詞實際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系代詞實際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格實際上是先行詞的所有格關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞join the following sentences:a plan

5、e is a machine. the machine can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentences:a plane is a machine. the machine can fly.a plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)a machine the machinejoin the following sentences:a plane is a machine. the machine can fly.a plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)a machine that /which

6、關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentences:the girl is mary. we saw her yesterday. 關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentences:the girl is mary. we saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is mary.herthe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentences:the girl is mary. we saw her yesterday. we saw yesterda

7、y is mary.herthe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentences:the girl is mary. we saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is mary.herthe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentences:the girl is mary. we saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is mary.herthe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentence

8、s:the girl is mary. we saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is mary.herthe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentences:the girl is mary. we saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is mary.herthe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentences:the girl is mary. we saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is

9、mary.herthe girl關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實質(zhì)join the following sentences:the girl is mary. we saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is mary.that/who/whomthe girl注意避免重復(fù)注意避免重復(fù)關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系i still remember the day when i came here. this is the house where i lived last year. there are many reasons why people l

10、ike traveling. i dont like the way that you speak./in which/不接不接 on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞 the man that helped you is mr white.this is the person ( that) you want to see.a dictionary is a useful book that tells us the meaning of

11、 words.the film that we just talked about is very interesting.a dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words.the film which we just talked about is very interesting.tom is late again, which makes his teacher very angry.eric received training in computer for one year, after which h

12、e found a job in a big company. 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhich1.nothing _ can be done has been done.2.do you have anything _ you dont understand ?先行詞是先行詞是everything, nothing, anything, everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, nonesomething, much, little, none等不定代詞，引等不定代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句用導(dǎo)定語從句用that

13、thatthatthat1.this is the best tv _ is made in china.2.the first museum _ he visited in china was the history museum.thatthat先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that 。 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhichive read all the books _ you lent me.that先行詞被先行詞被any, some, no, any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, much, f

14、ew, little, every, all, very, only, last very, only, last 修飾時修飾時, ,引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語從句用定語從句用that that 。 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhich1.the famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2.a victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.先行詞中既

15、有人又有事物時，先行詞中既有人又有事物時，引導(dǎo)定語從句用引導(dǎo)定語從句用that .that .thatthat 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhich1.who _ you have ever seen can do it better ?whowho做先行詞時，做先行詞時，引導(dǎo)定語從句用引導(dǎo)定語從句用thatthatthat 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhich1.her bag ,in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.2.this is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.

16、3.xiao wang ,with _ i went to the concert, enjoy it very much.whichwhichwhom在介詞后面，指事物在介詞后面，指事物用用whichwhich，指人用，指人用whomwhom 1.that 1.that 與與whichwhichthe dictionary, the cover of which is red, is my birthday gift.the dictionary, whose cover is red, is my gift.l2. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that,which 和關(guān)系和關(guān)系副詞副詞when,whe

17、re的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1)1)、找出定語從句中是否、找出定語從句中是否主語和賓語都齊全主語和賓語都齊全。如齊全。如齊全用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞。 用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。i will never forget the days (_ )i stayed with you).when_please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success)._whydo you remember the library _ (you first met your girlfriend？）？）_where2)定語從句沒有賓語vyester

18、day we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live).the house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.wherethat/which ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.3 3）、如定語從句中謂語結(jié)構(gòu)是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語，則用）、如定語從句中謂語結(jié)構(gòu)是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語，則用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞。kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are

19、seen all the year round).whereoctober 1st is the day _ ( new china was founded).whenthe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.which thatthe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.which thatthis is the reason _ ( = for which ) i didnt come here. the reason _ she gave was

20、not true.whythatwhich/that指時間，地點或原因的先行詞在定語從句指時間，地點或原因的先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，用中作主語或賓語，用which或或that引導(dǎo)定引導(dǎo)定語從句。語從句。this is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. we are not satisfied with the reason that/which he gave us.1.ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.ill never forget the days _ we

21、 spent together. 3.i went to the place i worked ten years ago. 4.i went to the place _ i visited ten years ago. 5.this is the reason _ he was late. 6.this is the reason _ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which exercise:及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 1th

22、e man whom you spoke was a scientist.the city which she lives is far away.toin介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 2the man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.the city that/which she lives is far away.toinare these two sentences right?介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 3the man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.the city that/whic

23、h she lives is far away.toin are these two sentences right?可見可見,who、that 不能用與介詞之后不能用與介詞之后 介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 4is this the watch that you are looking for?the old man whom i am looking after is better . 在固定短語中介詞不能提前在固定短語中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎? 1. do you like the book she spent $10? 2. do you

24、 like the book she paid $10? 3. do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. do you like the book she often talks? 5. he built a telescope he could study the skies.介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況關(guān)系代詞的情況 練習(xí)練習(xí)on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which 6. there is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. china

25、has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the yellow river. 8. the tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. the man _ i spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. he paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.under which

26、of whichfrom whichto whomof whichthe earth is round,_ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.as asit定語從句在句首時只能用定語從句在句首時只能用as, as as, as 具有正如之意，與之搭配的動具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的詞一般是固定的4 as 的使用的使用1. it is very useful to master a foreign language,_ has been

27、said before. which 2 _ everyone hoped, mary has won the first prize. asas as引導(dǎo)定語從句可放在句首，句中，引導(dǎo)定語從句可放在句首，句中，句末，句末，而而which 引導(dǎo)定語從句不能引導(dǎo)定語從句不能放在句首放在句首.as譯為正如，好像。，譯為正如，好像。，which which 則沒有此義。則沒有此義。as 的使用的使用he married the girl，as (which) was natural.he seemed a foreigner, as (which) in fact he was. as was na

28、tural, he married the girl.tom is late again, which makes his teacher very angry.the earth travels around the sun, as is well known to us all.lthis is the same book as i lost.lthis is the same book that i lost.這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書就是我丟的那本。這本書就是我丟的那本。as 的使用的使用this is such an interesting boo

29、k _ we all like.this is so interesting a book _ we all like.asas這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。本書。定語從句定語從句as 的使用的使用this is such an interesting book _we all like it.this is so interesting a book _we all like it.thatthat這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句as 的使用的使用we are facing the same problems a

30、s we did years ago.some people have no doubt that their cat understands as/so many words as a dog does.we hope to get such a tool as he is using.hes such a good student as everyone likes .hes such a good student that everyone likes him.定定語語從從句句the restrictive attributive clause限制性定語從句限制性定語從句the non-

31、restrictive attributive clause非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句類別類別意義意義功能功能形式形式關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞限定性限定性定語從定語從句句非限定非限定性定語性定語從句從句起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意義不完整意義不完整。起補充說明作起補充說明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意義不受原句意義不受影響。影響。修飾修飾先行先行詞詞修飾先修飾先行詞行詞 / 整個句整個句子子which無逗無逗號隔號隔開開有逗有逗號與號與主句主句隔開隔開1.有有that 無無that 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別當關(guān)系代詞指代

32、整當關(guān)系代詞指代整個主句內(nèi)容時。個主句內(nèi)容時。 he was late again, which made his teacher very angry.只用非限制性定語從句的情況：只用非限制性定語從句的情況：the moon, which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, goes around the earth.只用非限制性定語從句的情況：只用非限制性定語從句的情況： yesterday he left america, where he had stayed for two years.區(qū)別區(qū)別：i have a son who is

33、 a doctor.我有一個是醫(yī)生的兒子（我有一個是醫(yī)生的兒子（還有其他兒子還有其他兒子）i have a son, who is a docotor.我有一個兒子，他是醫(yī)生。我有一個兒子，他是醫(yī)生。（意指：（意指：我只有這一個兒子。我只有這一個兒子。）correct the sentences:1. im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. the man whom i spoke is from canada.3. july 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.tothat4. im go

34、ing to work in the hospital where needs me.5. those that havent been to the west lake will gather at the school gate.whichwhocorrect the sentences:n6.this is the last time when ive given you lessons.n7. the reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.thatwhycorrect the sentences:9. taiwan, that we know, belongs to china.10.the bike by which i travelled was