高中英語語法專題精講精練-動(dòng)名詞

1、動(dòng)名詞語法講解一、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能 動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。(一)、作主語1） 直接位于句首做主語。 Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術(shù)。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。注意：動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)2）用 it 作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。 這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用，常

2、用句型： It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure + v.ing 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞后面不用動(dòng)名詞（常用不定式）。 3） 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€(gè)物主代詞或名詞所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。例如： Their coming to help was a great enco

3、uragement to us. 他們前來幫忙對(duì)我們來說是極大的鼓舞。 Lao Lis going there wont be of much help. 老李去不會(huì)有多大幫助。（二）、作賓語（1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語 * 某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postp

4、one(推遲)，deny(否認(rèn)), appreciate (欣賞，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, cant stand, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗戶打開好嗎？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建議去長(zhǎng)城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldnt help laughing. 看了這幅畫，他禁不住大笑起來。 * 在下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中也可以用動(dòng)名詞（短語）做賓語：find

5、/think/consider + it（形式賓語） + no use/no good/useless + v.ing（真正賓語）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海灘上走真是樂事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你認(rèn)為再試一次有好處嗎？ * 形容詞worth后也可接動(dòng)名詞，作為復(fù)合謂語的賓語。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 這種曲子很值得多聽?zhēng)妆椤＃?）作介詞的賓語 *能接動(dòng)名詞的短語有：thin

6、k of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stopfrom, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend(in), fee

7、l like, preferto, instead of, in case of等等。 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。 Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我們休息呢還是開始干活？ * 在下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in常可省略： （1）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing （2

8、）S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing （3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing （4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即 ） We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? （三）、作表語 動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互

9、換位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)（四）、作定語 動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如： a walking stick a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a mac

10、hine which is used for washing二、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 帶有邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞稱為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時(shí)，要在動(dòng)名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語，動(dòng)名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。如： Her coming to help encouraged all of us. (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Janes being carel

11、ess caused so much trouble. 簡(jiǎn)的粗心惹來了不少麻煩。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) 在口語中，如果動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來代替，但在句首作主語時(shí)不能這樣來代替。如： Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的電腦介意嗎？ The father insisted on his sons/his son going to college. 爸爸堅(jiān)決要求兒子上大學(xué)。 His (不可用Him)smok

12、ing made his family angry. 他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling（Key：C；換成your calling也對(duì)） 在下列情況下動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語：a.無命名詞 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.b. 有生命名詞但表示泛指意義 Have you ever heard of women practi

13、sing boxing? 你聽說過婦女練拳擊嗎？c. 兩個(gè)以上的有生命名詞并列 Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 三、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)三、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)如下： 主動(dòng)語態(tài)、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)、 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done（一）時(shí)態(tài) 1、動(dòng)名詞一般式：表示的動(dòng)作通常是一般性動(dòng)作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作，或是與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 I hate talking with such people. 我討厭與這

14、樣的人說話。 Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。 2、動(dòng)名詞的完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。 I dont remember having met him before. 我記不得以前見過他。 Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 謝謝你費(fèi)力幫忙。（二）語態(tài) 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語同時(shí)也是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。（1）它的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在其后發(fā)生。如： I dont like being laughed at in pub

15、lic. 在公共場(chǎng)合下，我不喜歡被別人嘲笑。 He came in without being asked. 沒有誰請(qǐng)他進(jìn)來他自己進(jìn)來了。（2）它的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。如： I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. （3）在某些動(dòng)詞，我們常用動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，這似乎是一種強(qiáng)大的習(xí)慣。如： Excuse me for being late. 我來晚了請(qǐng)你原諒。 I dont remember ever meeting somewhere. 我記不得原來在什么地方

16、見過。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 謝謝給我們這么大的幫助。四、動(dòng)名詞的否定式：not + V.ing I regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能幫助你。 I apologize for not having waited for you. 沒有等你，我向你表示歉意。語法練習(xí)、單項(xiàng)選擇：1.No one enjoys _ at. A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed2.You must do something to prev

17、ent your house _. A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in3.They insisted on _ another chance to try. A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember _ it here. - You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _ it with you all the ti

18、me. A. to put；to takeB. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. to put；taking5.His room needs _, so he must have it _. A. painting；paintedB. painted；painting C. painting；painting D. painted；painted6.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents. A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write

19、7.The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care. A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D. taken good care of8.Only _ English doesnt mean _ the language. A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learning C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning9.She returned home

20、only to find the door open and something _. A. missedB. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself _ the problem of old age. A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study11.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D

21、. be put back12.As she is looking forward to _ from me, please remember _ this letter on your way to school. A. hear；post B. hearing；to post C. be heard；posting D. be hearing；to posting13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _ your handwriting. A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing14.Wr

22、iting stories and articles _ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were15.We appreciate _ us to the ball. A. them to inviteB. to invite C. their invitingD. being invited16.Would you mind _ quiet for a moment? Im trying _ a form. A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill out C. keeping；to fill ou

23、t D. to keep；filling out17.He was afraid _ for being late. A. of seeingB. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen18.Id like to suggest _ the meeting till next week. A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off19.I dont see how I could possibly manage _ the work without _. A. finish；h

24、elping B. to finish；being helped C. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped20. Anything worth _ is worthy of _ well. A. doing；being done B. doing；doing C. to be done；to be done D. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _ the work. A. finish B. to finishC.

25、 in finishing D. on finishing22. I delayed _ your letter because I had been away for a week. A. answe 1ab1 r B. answering C. writing D. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _ by the police. A. to be caughtB. be caught C. being caught D. catching24. I searched for my wallet and it

26、 wasnt there. At first, I thought I _ it at home. Then I remembered _ it out to pay for the taxi. A. must have left；to take B. may leave；taking C. might leave；to take D. could have left；taking25. _ the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears. A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearingD.

27、Having heard26. _ his mother, the baby could not help _. A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing；to laugh C. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing27.Its no use _ so much money on clothes. A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent28.The sentence needs _. A. improveB. a improvement C. improving D. improved29.If

28、he succeeded _ a job, his children wouldnt be suffering from hunger now. A. to find B. to look for C. in findingD. in looking for30.I still remember _ to my home town when I was young. A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. to take、填入動(dòng)名詞的適當(dāng)形式：1.Can you imagine yourself _ in a lonely island? (stay)2.I can

29、t understand your _ at that poor child. (laugh)3.She didnt mind _ overtime. (work)4.To make a living, he tried _, _, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)5.We are looking forward to Marys _. (come)6.She was praised for _ the life of the child. (save)7.She ought to be pra

30、ised instead of _. (criticize).8.Is there any possibility of our _ the championship? (win)9.He came to the party without _. (invite)、將下列句子譯成英語：1. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳._2.今天去沒有用, 他不會(huì)在家._3.你寫完作文了嗎?_4.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫襾硗砹?_5.他不聲不響地走了進(jìn)來._6.他走進(jìn)來了, 沒有被看見._、完形填空 When we talk about a bad man, we like to call him a “wolf”. But is

31、it really true that the wolf stands for devil and ugliness？ Have you read the book “The Wolf Totem” by a famous writer Jiang Rong, which tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings? Have you ever 1 the wolves world? If you had, you would 2 the wolves. In the book, wolves are

32、heroes on the large grassland. They know more about 3 than humans. They can attack lambs without disturbing their mothers. They also know how to4 full use of the shape of land to 5 sheep. I believe that if wolves were humans, they would be6 experts good at fighting. The wolf is a kind of special cre

33、ature that can deeply understand 7 . Each wolf serves its group with its heart and soul. A 8 wolf has little power, but a pack of wolves 9 nothing. All the wolves obey the rules. 10 they are defeated, they run away together. It is their teamwork 11 makes wolves powerful. The wolves also have great s

34、elf-respect and wont 12 to anyone. The writer, who wrote the book “The Wolf Totem”,13 stole a one-month-old baby wolf and raised it very carefully. To his 14 , he found the little wolf still wanted to go back with 15 wolves. He bit through the iron chain that limited him. The wolf was 16 and he neve

35、r gave in, fighting 17 his death. The little wolf died as a glorious fighter. I was shocked by this kind of18 : wolves are one of the most respected creatures on earth. I want everyone to look at wolves in a 19way. They are our teachers. They show us how to survive and 20 in this not simple and dang

36、erous world. Please honor the wolves, please honor all these heroes of nature!1. A. talked about B. walked into C. thought about D. cared for2. A. hunt B. admire C. draw D. watch3. A. space B. spot C. food D. survival4. A. make B. take C. have D. get5. A. fight B. avoid C. trap D. discover6. A. spec

37、ial B. imaginative C. outstanding D. creative7. A. operation B. teamwork C. lifestyle D. control8. A. single B. brave C. lonely D. fair9. A. fight B. struggle C. fear D. fail10. A. As for B. As though C. Even so D. Even if11. A. what B. he C. that D. one12. A. turn in B. give in C. take in D. break

38、in13. A. once B. just C. soon D. only14. A. satisfaction B. disappointment C. pleasure D. sorrow15. A. rest B. others C. another D. the other16. A. proud B. satisfied C. willing D. eager 17. A. until B. although C. before D. unless18. A. selflessness B. self-confidence C. self-respect D. self-protec

39、tion19. A. curious B. different C. strange D. humorous20. A. walk B. hand C. get D. Succeed:閱讀理解A 篇IS IT TIME TO GET MP3? Your computer has been playing music for years, one CD at a time. Now hundreds of songs can be stored in your PC (personal computer) if theyre in the MP3 format. What is it? MP3

40、compresses music into small computer friendly files. You access MP3 music several ways : Music can be downloaded from websites that have converted vast music libraries into MP3. Or you can prerecord CDs into your PC and convert songs in minutes into MP3. Once MP3 music is on your PCs hard drive, you

41、 can play it through your computers speakers, “burn” it onto blank CDs or exchange MP3 files with friends using E-mail. How much? Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free. It comes preinstalled on most new computers or can be downloaded from many websites, including MP3. com. Some

42、 MP3 sites are free. Just type “MP3 sites” into any search engine. The popular MP3 players start at around $50and can hold hundreds of songs. A blank CD on which you can record music costs about a dollar. Advantages MP3 turns your home PC into a tape recorder. Tiny MP3 players are the size of a card

43、, making it easy to take hundreds of songs with you. Disadvantages You may find that music at many sites is limited. And some only allow you to listen rather than download offerings. Others let you download music that then cant be copied to MP3 players. And a growing number of new CDs make it imposs

44、ible to copy songs to a computer.1. How can you get MP3 music? A. By turning your home PC into a tape recorder B. By taking your own music or songs with you C. By copying songs to a PC through the speakers. D. By downloading from websites which have converted music libraries into MP3.2. Which is NOT

45、 true to the passage? A. Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free of charge. B. MP3 music can be with friends by e-mail. C. MP3 music can be downloaded for free at any site. D. A greater number of new CDs make it possible to copy songs to a computer.3.The underlined word “burn” pr

46、obably means_. A. fire B. change C. download D. play4. How much will you pay for a MP3 player? A. Free of charge. B. Free downloading. C. At least fifty dollars. D. About a dollar.B篇 Tokyo: The worlds oldest man, retired Japanese silkworm breeder Yukichi Chuganji, died in his home at the age of 114,

47、 on Monday. Family members found him dead on his mattress. Born on March 23, 1889, Chuganji worked as a silkworm breeder and bank employee after leaving school. He also served as a community welfare(福利) officer. He had been in god health, talking daily with his family members. Washington: Every American dislike