如何做好高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

1、如何做好高中閱讀理解 1、 閱讀最基本的要素詞匯詞匯是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)積累起來(lái)的，從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始一直到高考，每天按照自己的情況去定量背單詞，也可以每天保持一小段時(shí)間的泛讀，是活躍英文思維、積累詞匯的最好方式之一，這個(gè)時(shí)間可以是早晨、午休、甚至是睡前。不要去執(zhí)著于讀了多久或讀懂多少，只要明確一點(diǎn)，即讀了就比沒(méi)讀好。2、 閱讀最重要的原則順序“順序”原則，即出題的順序和行文順序基本一致。閱讀理解的題型無(wú)外乎三四大題型：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測(cè)題，但不論哪種題型出題的順序一般都遵循“順序”原則。（1） 細(xì)節(jié)理解題1） 直接細(xì)節(jié)題：此類題是對(duì)原文直接信息的考察，只要理解字面意思即可答題。2） 間

2、接細(xì)節(jié)題：此類題往往不能直接找到答案，需要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行加工處理，簡(jiǎn)單歸納、概括才能答題。3） 是非判斷題：此類題型有兩種形式：三對(duì)一錯(cuò)或三錯(cuò)一對(duì)。一般情況下此類題中出現(xiàn)all, never, only等完全肯或完全否定的詞時(shí)，及排除。4） 排列順序題：此類題一般在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體的事實(shí)，然后讓考生進(jìn)行排序，做這類型題根據(jù)事情的發(fā)生的先后順序或時(shí)間順序以及句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。5） 圖文匹配題：這類型的題比較簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)樗黾恿嗽囶}的直觀性，此類題分兩種：一是依文選圖；二是依圖選文。6） 數(shù)字計(jì)算題：此類題會(huì)涉及年代、人物年齡、需付錢數(shù)等計(jì)算。做這類型題，把文中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字全都做上標(biāo)記，找出相關(guān)計(jì)算方式

3、計(jì)算即可得出答案。（2）推理判斷題（要求精讀文章）1）細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：通過(guò)文章的字面意思領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意和文章的真正含義。這類題得精讀文章，理解文章真正含義。2） 態(tài)度傾向題：這類題得通過(guò)理解文章基礎(chǔ)上判斷。3） 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題：這類題型要求考生必須對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、作者的寫作思路掌握。4） 寫作方法題：要求必須知道一些寫作方法的英文寫法。比如舉例子、下定義、對(duì)比等。（3） 主旨大意題 1）段落大意題和文章大意題：概括、歸納文章大意。此類題學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)一“找”；二 “概括”找文首、文尾、文首和文尾、文中、段首、短尾、段首和短尾；利用找到的 信息進(jìn)行歸納概括。 2）寫作意圖題：在理解文章大意基礎(chǔ)上判斷作者寫作

4、意圖。主要還是理解文章主旨大 意。3）標(biāo)題歸納題：選標(biāo)題切記不能太大，即與主旨大意里的遠(yuǎn)，顯得空洞。；不能太小， 即標(biāo)題只含有文章部分內(nèi)容，不全面。 （4）詞義猜測(cè)題1）代詞猜測(cè)：此類題在詞義猜測(cè)題中是屬于簡(jiǎn)單題型，只要結(jié)合上下文理解代詞所指 代的對(duì)象是誰(shuí)即可。2） 熟詞語(yǔ)境義：此類型題詞語(yǔ)均是大綱詞匯，只是要結(jié)合上下文理解在語(yǔ)境中的意思。3） 超綱生詞：此類題是詞義猜測(cè)題中較難的，需要考生對(duì)文章理解的基礎(chǔ)上猜測(cè)生詞 的意義，要求考生詞匯量要豐富。通過(guò)構(gòu)詞，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果， 常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。3、 讀理解的解題核心定位“定位”即每一道題我們?cè)谠闹卸寄苷业剿霈F(xiàn)的位置。

5、但怎么準(zhǔn)確的定位是我們學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵。（1）先讀問(wèn)題，了解問(wèn)了“什么”。（2）讀問(wèn)題，找出問(wèn)題關(guān)鍵詞。（3）文中定位。（4）根據(jù)定位句解題，如果定位句不夠全面，就結(jié)合段落中心句，定位句的上句加下句，組成解題“黃金三角區(qū)”進(jìn)行解題?？偨Y(jié)：正確選項(xiàng)一定要“定位”到原文，有“對(duì)應(yīng)”，有“改寫”；而錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)則是“定位”錯(cuò)誤、“無(wú)中生有”、“拼湊細(xì)節(jié)”、“偷換概念”、“擴(kuò)大范圍”和“憑借常識(shí)”。1、掌握高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧；2、熟悉細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、猜測(cè)詞義、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、主旨大意等閱讀理解的基本題型。(1)Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone,

6、 and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city cant wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.“Id use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m. and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open,”said Walter Choo, 40, of F

7、ort Greene.The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly including a variation of augmented(增強(qiáng)的)reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets(平板電腦)that overlays information onto the screen about ones surroundi

8、ngs. So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.“As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isnt something anybody needs,”said Sam

9、Biddle, who writes for G. “Were accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things,”he added,“and the average consumer isnt gonna be able to afford another device(裝置)thats hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphone

10、-like glasses since late last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.“Its just like smartphones 10 years ago,” Weintraub said. “A few people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy. Same kind of thing

11、. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and its unnatural,” he said. “Theres gonna be improvements to that, and this a step there.”【文章大意】作者介紹了一種迷你手機(jī)型的眼鏡的用途,以及不同的人對(duì)它的不同看法。1.One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to.A. program the opening hours of a b

12、arB. supply you with a picture of the futureC. provide information about your surroundingsD. update the maps and GPS in your smartphones【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“.information onto the screen about ones surroundings.”可知,這種迷你手機(jī)型的眼鏡有地圖和GPS裝置,可以在屏幕上顯示你周圍環(huán)境的信息,故答案選C。A、D表述錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到。2.The underlined phrase “pop

13、up”in the third paragraph probably means“”.A. develop rapidlyB. get round quicklyC. appear immediatelyD. go over automatically【解析】選C。根據(jù)上句可知,這種眼鏡的屏幕上會(huì)顯示你周圍環(huán)境的信息,因此當(dāng)你逛街的時(shí)候,指示器會(huì)立刻為你指明最近的咖啡館并繪制方向路線。3.According to Sam Biddle, the smartphone-like glasses are .A. necessary for teenagersB. attractive to New

14、 YorkersC. available to people worldwideD. expensive for average consumers【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)Sam Biddle的話“.be able to afford another device thats hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”可知,他認(rèn)為這種眼鏡對(duì)于普通消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)是昂貴的,故答案選D。4.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone-like glasses .A. may have a po

15、tential marketB. are as common as smartphonesC. are popular among young adultsD. will be improved by a new technology【解析】選A。段落大意題。最后兩段是用Weintraub的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明這種手機(jī)將會(huì)有很大的市場(chǎng)。B、C項(xiàng)還沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn);D項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及。(2)You cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesnt think that forge

16、tting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. Thats why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella. The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central S

17、aint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(傘篷)built into a street lamp.”he said. The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor

18、which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(傳感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. In addition to the rain sensor, theres also a 360motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After th

19、ree minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for seve

20、ral people. Being installed(安裝)at 2 metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed

21、on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科技說(shuō)明文, 主要介紹了設(shè)計(jì)師Belyaev的一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)造Lampbrella及它的工作原理、安全性、應(yīng)用前景等方面的知識(shí)。1. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A. To predict a heavy rain.B. To check the weather forecast.C. To protect people from th

22、e rain.D. To remind people to take an umbrella.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第三句.Belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast.Thats why he created Lampbrella.可知他創(chuàng)造Lampbrella的目的是為了防止人們被雨淋, 所以選C。2. What do we know from Belyaevs words in Paragraph 2?A. His creation was inspired by an expe

23、rience.B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知他的這種想法是在看到俄羅斯圣彼得堡一個(gè)中心街道上人們被雨淋時(shí)產(chǎn)生的。所以選A。3. Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?A. motorcanopysensorsB. sensorsmotorcanopyC. m

24、otorsensorscanopyD. canopymotorsensors【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段, 這種Lampbrella是一個(gè)被配備了傘篷(canopy)的路燈桿, 它有一個(gè)內(nèi)置的電動(dòng)機(jī)(electric motor)和幾個(gè)傳感器(sensors), 可以在下雨時(shí)給行人提供保護(hù)。首先是傳感器感知有雨, 然后通過(guò)電動(dòng)機(jī)給傘篷提供動(dòng)力。所以選B。4. What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A. Its moving speed.B. Its appearance. C. Its installatio

25、n.D. Its safety.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)本段中的.the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, .it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.及Being installed at 2 metres off the ground.可知, 本段主要在強(qiáng)調(diào)Lampbrella的安全性, 所以選D。5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The designer will op

26、en a company to promote his product.B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“insists his creation could be installed on any street where.”可知, 他認(rèn)為自己的產(chǎn)品是很實(shí)

27、用的。而A、D兩項(xiàng)沒(méi)提, B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在immediate, 所以選C。AFear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the

28、moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮)and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular

29、 cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on

30、their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”To furthe

31、r understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brainspeakto each other to change our feelings and reduce fear, ”Dr Garfinkel

32、 said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”1. What is the finding of the study?A.

33、 Ones heart affects how he feels fear.B. Fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.C. Fear has something to do with ones health.D. Ones fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.2.The study was carried out by analyzing.A. volunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesB. the time volunteers sa

34、w fearful pictures and their health conditionsC. volunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansD. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism”in Paragraph 6?A. Order.B. System. C. Ma

35、chine. D. Treatment.4.This study may contribute to.A. treating anxiety and stress betterB. explaining the cycle of fear and anxietyC. finding the key to the heart-brain communicationD. understanding different fears in our hearts and headsKeys: 1-4. ACBA BNot all bodies of water are so evidently aliv

36、e as the Atlantic Ocean, an S-shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles. The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization. Unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness. It is perhaps not

37、surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets. “Storm at Sea”, a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic. When the wind is from the westAll the waves that cannot restTo the east must thunder

38、 onWhere the bright tree of the sunIs rooted in the oceans breast. As the poem suggests, the Atlantic is never dead and dull. It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and whistling. It is easy to imagine the Atlant

39、ic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in mid-ocean, but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach. It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature. It is filled with symbiotic existences, too; unimaginable quantities of creatures, littl

40、e and large alike, mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub-ocean vitality. And it has a psychology. It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking. 1.Unli

41、ke real inland seas, the Atlantic Ocean is.A. always energeticB. lacking in livelinessC. shaped like a squareD. favored by ancient poets2. What is the purpose of using the poem“Storm at Sea”in the passage?A. To describe the movement of the waves.B. To show the strength of the storm.C. To represent t

42、he power of the ocean.D. To prove the vastness of the sea.3. What does the underlined word“symbiotic”mean?A. Living together. B. Growing fast.C. Moving harmoniously. D. Breathing peacefully.4.In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to.A. a beautiful and poetic placeB. a flesh and blood perso

43、nC. a wonderful worldD. a lovely animalKeys: 1-4. ACAB (1)A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this March in P

44、sychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents(受訪者)were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10,among other questions.The

45、 researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life sa

46、tisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio(比率)of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greate

47、r risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R.Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expect

48、ed a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(預(yù)防措施),”the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associat

49、ed with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However,

50、 the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.1. According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their futu

51、re life satisfaction?A. Optimistic adults.B. Middle-aged adults.C. Adults in poor health.D. Adults of lower income.2. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people.A.to fully enjoy their present lifeB.to estimate their contribution accuratelyC.to take measures against potential risk

52、sD.to value health more highly than wealth3. How do people of higher income see their future?A. They will earn less money. B. They will become pessimistic. C. They will suffer mental illness. D. They will have less time to enjoy life. 4. What is the clear conclusion of the study?A. Pessimism guarant

53、ees chances of survival. B. Good financial condition leads to good health. C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes. D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.Keys: 1-4. BCAD (2)When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure(確保)that the aid reaches the peopl

54、e for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with

55、this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during nor

56、mal times. A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.”If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. T

57、his could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take th