高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語音

1、語 音主備人：李澤軍教學(xué)內(nèi)容：字母及其組合在單詞中的發(fā)音教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1 元音字母及其組合的讀音規(guī)則 2 輔音字母及其組合的讀音規(guī)則教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：1 開音節(jié)，閉音節(jié)的區(qū)別 2 幾組易混的字母組合教學(xué)方法：歸類，列舉教學(xué)步驟：six stepsStep One: English Phonemes Study 英語音素學(xué)習(xí)1、音素（phonetic elements）：音素是英語中最小的語音單位，英語中有48個(gè)音素，其中元音20個(gè)，輔音28個(gè)。2、音標(biāo)（phonetic symbols）：是記錄音素的符號(hào)，用于區(qū)別字母，因而需加“ ”或“/ /”。3、48個(gè)音標(biāo)元 i: i : u: u C: R : Q

2、 e 音 ei ai Ci i u u aup t k f s F tF tr ts輔 b d g v z V dV dr dz m n 音 w j r h l4、音節(jié)）音節(jié)按讀音可以分為開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)開音節(jié)又可以分為絕對開音節(jié)和相對開音節(jié)教學(xué)札記 絕對開音節(jié)：是指一個(gè)元音字母后面沒有輔音字母而構(gòu)成的音節(jié)，例如：we, hi, 相對開音節(jié)：是指一個(gè)元音字母后面有一個(gè)輔音字母(除r)之外，最后是一個(gè)不發(fā)音的e構(gòu)成的音節(jié)，如:take, make2 / 19在開音節(jié)中，這個(gè)元音字母發(fā)“字母”本身音，例如hi|hai|, use|ju:z| 閉音節(jié)：指元音字母后面有輔音字母(輔音字母r除外)構(gòu)成的音

3、節(jié)，如：leg, cross ）音節(jié)按重讀可以分為重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)重讀音節(jié)： 指在雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞中有一個(gè)發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)，叫重讀音節(jié)，用重音符號(hào)“”標(biāo)于相應(yīng)位置，其他音節(jié)為非重讀音節(jié)，如begin |bi5gin|，單音節(jié)詞作重讀處理，但不標(biāo)重音符號(hào)。 Step Two: The vowels elements study 元音音素學(xué)習(xí)A）元音字母在單詞中的讀音元音字母讀音說 明例 詞a/ei/在重讀開音節(jié)中name, make, plane, grade, cake, date, page, safe, face, gate/e/在ny前any, many, anyone, anyt

4、hing/在重讀閉音節(jié)中map, fat, sad, back, hand, catch, hat, bad, glad, black, thank, act/在w或wh后wash, want, watch, what/:/在s, ss, st前past, flash, last, glass, pass, class, basket/C:/在w后偶爾發(fā)water/ar分開發(fā)音Mary, parent/在非重讀音節(jié)中another, along, asleep, away, among, around /i/在非重讀音節(jié)中village, comrade, palacee/i/在重讀開音節(jié)中m

5、e, be, we, he, she, these, Chinese/e/在重讀閉音節(jié)中g(shù)et, rest, mend, next, left, then, help, wet, forget, dress, sell, spell/i/er分開發(fā)音zero/在非重讀音節(jié)中open, moment, September/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中ticket, begin, behind, cinema, betweeni(y)/ai/在重讀開音節(jié)中time, drive, ride, knife, wife, smile, why, sky, dry, try, fly, spy, July/i/在

6、重讀閉音節(jié)中hit, ill, lift, kill, twin, drink, pick, ship, wind, thin, ship, physics/i:/在重讀開音節(jié)中police, machine/在非重讀音節(jié)中April, holiday, beautiful/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中office, instead, finish, city, family, reallyo/u/在重讀開音節(jié)中g(shù)o, ago, nose, hope, whole, alone, hole, phone, smoke, joke/R/在重讀閉音節(jié)中clock, sock, shop, dog, cros

7、s, cock, bottle, knock, song, strong /Q/在m, n, v, th前l(fā)ove, son, some, mother, other/u/woman/u:/在某些重讀開音節(jié)中move, lose, who, whose/wQ/one, once/在非重讀音節(jié)中today, tomorrow, together, second/u/在非重讀音節(jié)中onto, intou/ju:/在重讀音節(jié)中use, student, duty, excuse, music/Q/在重讀閉音節(jié)中but, cut, up, nut, duck, luck, lunch, sunny/u

8、/在重讀閉音節(jié)中put, pull, push, full/u:/在重讀開音節(jié)中June, ruler/i/在個(gè)別單詞中busy, business/在非重讀音節(jié)中August B）元音字母組合在單詞中的讀音 這類字母組合通常有兩個(gè)元音字母組成，其中的元音字母組合有的只發(fā)一種音，有的發(fā)兩種或兩種以上的音。元音字母組合讀音說 明例 詞ea/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中team, clean, sea, tea, east, cheap, easy, speak, season, read/e/head, bread, ready, weather, health/i/idea, real, really/

9、ei/great, breakai/ei/在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中train, rain wait, waiter/e/在重讀音節(jié)中said, says/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中mountainee/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中see, bee, free, sheep, feel, meet, need, green, asleepey/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中they, hey, obey/i:/在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中key/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中monkey, moneyeo/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中peopleei/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中receive/risi:v/ei/在字母組合eigh中eight, eighteen, we

10、ighouau在重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)round, round, around, out, mouse, blouseQ在重讀音節(jié)中young, country, touch, enough, double/u:/在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中g(shù)roup/u/在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中could, should, wouldue/u:/e不發(fā)音blue/e/u不發(fā)音guessoo/u:/詞尾或詞中zoo, soon, food, cool, tooth, noon, fool u 在k或d前cook, look, took, good, foot, woodQ在l和d之間bloodoau在重讀音節(jié)中coat, goat, boa

11、toyCi在重讀音節(jié)中boy, enjoy, joy, toyoiCi在重讀音節(jié)中toilet, oilie/e/i不發(fā)音friend/i:/在重讀音節(jié)中field, piece, thiefai在個(gè)別單詞中quiet/ai/在詞尾lie, die, tieauC:在重讀音節(jié)中autumn, daughter, August:在個(gè)別重讀音節(jié)詞中auntay/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中today, away, stay, may, say, play/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中Monday, Sundayui/u:/在重讀音節(jié)中fruitoe/u:/位于詞尾shoeioai在重讀音節(jié)中pioneeruy/ai/

12、重讀音節(jié)，詞尾buyye/ai/重讀音節(jié)，詞尾byeStep Three: The consonants elements study 輔音音素學(xué)習(xí)A）輔音字母在單詞中的讀音輔音字母讀音例詞輔音字母讀音例詞b/b/busp/p/mapc/s/niceq一般不單獨(dú)發(fā)音/k/cupr/r/redd/d/days/s/yesf/f/fly/z/pleasegggateFsuredVorangeVusuallyh/h/het/t/catjdVjeepv/v/livek/k/kitew/w/wayl/l/latex/ks/nextm/m/mygzexamplen/n/niney/j/yearunclez

13、/z/zero重點(diǎn)輔音字母讀音講解：n在單詞中的讀音 n在一般情況下發(fā)/n/。如：kind, need, soon等。 n后面為輔音音素/k/，/g/時(shí)發(fā)/ /。如think, hungry, uncle等。該規(guī)則不包括加前綴un構(gòu)成的單詞。如uncleans在單詞中的讀音s在單詞開頭通常讀/s/。如：sit, stop等。s后面的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時(shí)讀/s/。如：desk, past, question, mistake等。以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，s前的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時(shí)，詞尾s讀/s/。如：clocks, shops等。ss在單詞中讀/s/。如pass, lesson等。s在兩個(gè)元音音素之間常讀

14、/z/。如：music/mju:zik/, visit/vizit/等。s后面是濁輔音時(shí)讀/z/.如husband, season等。加s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)名詞及單數(shù)第三人稱動(dòng)詞形式中，s前面為濁輔音或元音時(shí)，s讀/z/。如：bags, plays, blows, rulers等。以su開頭的極少數(shù)單詞中，s常讀F如sure, sugar等 s 讀V僅限于usually, pleasure等極少數(shù)單詞。B)輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音 這類字母組合通常有兩個(gè)輔音字母組成，大部分輔音字母組合只有一種讀音，有少數(shù)輔音字母組合有兩種或兩種以上讀音。輔音字母組合讀音說 明例 詞chtF大部分單詞中which,

15、lunch, chair, China, teach/k/在少數(shù)單詞中school, chemistryF在個(gè)別單詞中machineck/k/一般位于詞尾clock, back, blackng在詞尾sing, song, bring, seeingg在詞中English, hungry, angry, strongershF在詞首、詞中或詞尾shall, fishing, finish, washph/f/一般在詞首phone, photo, physicswh/h/后為o時(shí)who, whose, whole/w/后為其它元音字母時(shí)when, which, why, wheregh/f/一般

16、在詞尾laugh, enough, coughth在詞尾或以th開頭的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞中both, tooth, fifth, south, thing, think, thick, third/在ther中及代詞、冠詞、連詞或副詞中another, feather, them, with, than, thenwr/r/在詞首write, wrong, writerkn/n/在詞首know, knife, knowledgetchtFcatch, match, watchdr/dr/一般位于詞首drive, dry, dress, drinktr/tr/一般位于詞首tree, tru

17、ck, train, trousersds/dz/一般在詞尾beds, finds, handsts/ts/一般在詞尾students, lets, boats, cats, wantsStep Four: Mixed elements 元、輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音 這類字母組合有兩類：一類是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)元音字母與r組合，構(gòu)成-r音節(jié)或-re音節(jié)。這是主要一類元輔音字母組合。另一類是一個(gè)元音字母與除r以外的某個(gè)輔音字母組合。這類元輔音字母組合數(shù)量很少。元、輔音字母組合讀音說 明例 詞ar:重讀音節(jié)中far, park, card, party, hard, start, March, fart

18、her, hardlyC:在w后warm, war, warn, quarter 非重讀音節(jié)中popular, similarer:重讀音節(jié)中her, term, certainly, prefer 非重讀音節(jié)中farmer, worker, writer, letter, waiterir:重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)irl, shirt, first, third, bird, dirtyorC:重讀音節(jié)中short, sport, horse, born, north:在w后work, word, world, worse, worst 非重讀音節(jié)q中doctor, visitorur:重讀音節(jié)中tur

19、n, hurt，Thursday, purple, purseare重讀音節(jié)中care, careful, hareear, i重讀音節(jié)中near, hear, clear, dear, nearly:重讀音節(jié)中early, earth, learn, heard少數(shù)詞中tear, pear, bear:個(gè)別詞中heartere重讀音節(jié)中where, therei重讀音節(jié)中hereoreC:重讀音節(jié)中before, more, scoreireai重讀音節(jié)中tired, hire，fireeeri重讀音節(jié)中deer，pioneerureu重讀音節(jié)中sure 非重讀音節(jié)中pleasure, pi

20、cture, treasureeir重讀音節(jié)中theirair重讀音節(jié)中chair, hair, pair, fairourC:重讀音節(jié)中four, fourth, course, pourau重讀音節(jié)中hour 非重讀音節(jié)中colouroor/C:/一般讀/C:/door, floor/u/個(gè)別詞中pooral/C:/一般讀/C:/call, walk, talk, tall, small/C:l/以al開頭的副詞also, always, already, almost/:/個(gè)別詞中halfow/u/重讀或非重讀音節(jié)中slow, blow, show, snow, throw, windo

21、w, yellow, borrow, tomorrow/ au /重讀音節(jié)中now, how, cow, down, brownew/ju:/一般讀/ju:/few, knew, news, newspaper/u:/不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式中threw, drew, flew, grew/u/個(gè)別詞中sew(縫紉)tion/Fn/一般讀/Fn/station, dictionary, operation/tFn/在s后questionaw/C:/重讀音節(jié)中draw, lawdge/dV/只有g(shù)發(fā)音bridge, fridge, judgeigh/ai/只有i發(fā)音light, night, brigh

22、t, fight, highough/C:/只有ou發(fā)音bought, brought, thoughtaugh/C:/只有au發(fā)音daughter, taught, caughtind/aind/三個(gè)字母都發(fā)音kind, find, mind, behindold/uld/三個(gè)字母都發(fā)音sold, told, cold, holded的讀音有三種情況：清輔音p k fs F tF tr tsh后讀/t/在濁輔音和元音后bg v z VdV dr dzm n w j讀/d/在t d后讀/id/Step Five: Voiceless elements不發(fā)音的字母和字母組合 英語單詞的讀音和拼寫

23、形式雖然聯(lián)系緊密，但并不是完全對應(yīng)的，有很多單詞中的某一字母或幾個(gè)字母不發(fā)音。單詞不發(fā)音的字母中，既有元音字母或字母組合，也有輔音字母或字母組合。不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合給拼寫單詞帶來了一定的困難，但也不是無規(guī)律可循的。請看下表：不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合說 明例 詞e以e結(jié)尾的相對開音節(jié)詞中rice, noseo構(gòu)成成音節(jié)的-son中l(wèi)esson, season, personugu在詞首時(shí)guessea在個(gè)別詞中beautifuluegue在詞尾時(shí)dialogue, leagueb在詞尾且其前面為字母m時(shí)climb, tomb/tu:m/墳?zāi)筭詞尾為gn時(shí)sign, foreignkkn在詞開頭

24、時(shí)know, knifenmn在詞尾時(shí)autumngh在i, ou, au后面時(shí)light, night, thought, daughterl在ould或個(gè)別含al的詞中could, would, halfc在含tch的詞中catch, watch, matchd在含dge的詞中bridge, fridgewwr位于詞首時(shí)write, wrong其它ss, rr, ff, mm只發(fā)一個(gè)字母的音lesson, worry, bell, office, swimminganswer,hour,island,WednesdayStep Six: Similar comparation 近似音發(fā)音區(qū)別練習(xí)A)按元音音素歸納元 音字母及字母組合例 詞元 音字母及字母組合例 詞/ i: /ethese/i/iliveeesheepeEnglisheateamowomeniepieceubusyipolicemanysydneyeopeopleuibuildeykey aglad/e/eresteahead/u:/uruleriefriendomoveamanyueblue/:/afast/u:/oofooda