上大2004綜英和答案

1、上海大學(xué) 2004 年攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試試題考試科目：綜合英語SECTION 1: READING COMPREHENSION (45 points)Directions: In this section, you will find two passages, each of which is followed by somequestions. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions in your own words on yourAnswer Sheet. Please note that each r

2、esponse should be limited to less than ten words in order tobe valid.Questions 1 5An essay that appeals chiefly to the intellect is Francis Bacons “Of Studies.” His carefultripartite division of studies expressed succinctly in aphoristic prose demands the completeattention of the mind of the reader.

3、 He considers studies as they should be: for pleasure, forself-improvement, and for business. He considers the evils of excess study: laziness, affectation,and preciosity. Bacon divides books into three categories: those to be read in part, those to be readcursorily, and those to be read with care.

4、Studies should include reading, which gives depth,speaking which adds readiness of thought, and writing which trains in preciseness. Somewhatmistakenly, the author ascribes certain virtues to individual fields of study: wisdom to history, witto poetry, subtlety to mathematics and depth to natural ph

5、ilosophy. Bacons four-hundred-wordessay, studded with Latin phrases and highly compressed in thought, has intellectual appealindeed.1. What is Bacons tripartite division of studies?2. What does the word “affectation” (Line 4) mean?3. What is Bacons criterion for dividing books into three categories?

6、4. What does the author think about Bacons ascribing certain virtues to individual fields ofstudy?5. What characterizes Bacons “Of Studies”?Questions 6 15For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences orsciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biolo

7、gical sciences), and sciences dealingwith mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind ofhistorical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. Inthe first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only

8、for the purpose ofunderstanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to manWhat distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not knowthat the world existed, and the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and t

9、hat hehimself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects of applications ofknowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they alsocontribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while

10、enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy andautonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will haveimmediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scopeis in large part unforeseen, except

11、 by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-knownexample. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conicNBF 輔導(dǎo)，真正為考研人著想的輔導(dǎo)! NBF 考研輔導(dǎo)，全程包過，不過退款! QQ 客服：296312040section, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it wo

12、uldnot have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the natureof electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectualcuriosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcelyconcei

13、ve of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the humanspirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical resultsthat would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.6. What does scientific

14、knowledge consist of?7. Where do most important advances made by mankind come from?8. Does the author include the study of literature among the sciences?9. What may we expect the author to discuss in the paragraph that follows this passage?10. What distinguishes man from animal?11. What does man see

15、k pure or theoretical knowledge for?12. Were the Greeks who studied conic sections aware of the value of their studies?13. What is the best title for this passage?14. Does the practical scientist know the value of what he will discover?15. What does the word “disinterestedly” (Last line of this pass

16、age) probably mean?SECTION 2: CLOZE (25 points)Directions: In this section, you will find a passage with 25 words missing. Read the passagecarefully and then fill in each of the blanks with ONE suitable word. Remember to write yourresponses on your Answer Sheet.I like the idea _(1)_ “the English (la

17、nguage) is like an English park, which is _(2)_ outSeemingly without any definite plan, and in _(3)_ you are allowed to walkeverywhere _(4)_ to your fancy _(5)_ having to fear a stern keeper enforcing rigorousregulations.” Consider that the same cultural soil, the Celtic-Roman-Saxon-Danish-Normanalm

18、algam, which _(6)_ the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom andrights of _(7)_ in the modern world. The first shoots _(8)_ up in England and they grewstronger in _(9)_. Churchill called _(10)_ “the joint inheritance of the English-speakingworld.” At the very core of those

19、_(11)_ are popular consent and resistance _(12)_ arbitraryauthority; both are fundamental characteristics of the English language. The English-speakingpeople have defeated all efforts to build _(13)_ around their language, to defer _(14)_ anacademyon what was permissible English and _(15)_ not. They

20、 have decided for themselves.Nothing better expresses resistance to arbitrary _(16)_ than the persistence of _(17)_grammarians have denounced for centuries _(18)_ “errors.” In the common speech ofEnglish-speaking peoplesAmericans, Englishmen, Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, andothersthese us

21、ages persist, _(19)_ rising literacy and wider education. We hear these “errors”every day, _(20)_ as “I dont want none of that,” “Dont make that any more heavier,” and “Willyou learn me to read?” They have been _(21)_ us for at least four hundred years, because youcan find each of them in such works

22、 as “Hamlet” and “Othello” by _(22)_. Hidden in this is asimple fact: the English language is not the special private _(23)_ of the language police, orgrammarians, or teachers, or even great writers. The genius of _(24)_ is that it has always beenthe tongue of the _(25)_ people, literate or not. Eng

23、lish belongs to everybody!NBF 輔導(dǎo)，真正為考研人著想的輔導(dǎo)! NBF 考研輔導(dǎo)，全程包過，不過退款! QQ 客服：296312040SECTION 3: TRANSLATION (30 points)Part A: English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version on yourAnswer Sheet.The Rise of RealismBetween the work of Hawthorne a

24、nd Melville, the major novelists of the 1850s, and the workof Twain, James and Howells, the major novelists of the last quarter of the century, falls theshadow of the American Civil War (18611865). In his famous Gettysburg address AbrahamLincoln described the conflict in terms of epic simplicity:Fou

25、rscore and seven years ago our fathers set forth on this continent a new nation, conceivedin liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in agreat civil war, testing whether this nation, or any other nation so conceived and so dedicated canlong endure.

26、 In the event, the war showed that the nation could endurebut only in a permanentlychanged and, in some respects, a deeply scarred form.The result of the Civil War was not just the triumph of the abolitionists over the slave-ownersIt was also the triumph of the industrial North over the agrarian Sou

27、th. Despite the much-vauntedprogram of “Reconstruction，”the Southern states long remained ravaged and dispirited territory;the war left a legacy of bitterness that has not yet disappeared from American politics. In the Northon the other hand, the aftermath of war brought financial boom. The North

28、9;s prosperity wasincreased by rapid mechanization and industrialization, its population swelled by new influxes offoreign immigrants. To contemporary observers cities like Boston, New York, Philadelphia andChicago presented a double image. On the surface there was elegance, security and comfort; bu

29、tunderneath there was all the seething discontent which accompanies the growth of any modernindustrial society.Part B: Chinese-English TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into English and write your version on yourAnswer Sheet.無人知是荔枝來在京欲食鮮荔枝者，上周可在果攤覓得。其上市系一新景；蓋歸功于華南種荔枝者日增，與北來運(yùn)輸業(yè)之改

30、善。若干世紀(jì)之前，來京華之荔枝僅限帝王及皇室所享用者。據(jù)傳，荔枝在一代帝王之“后宮軼事”中，分量不輕?；蛟?，荔枝之形貌、醇香、及其甘美回味，均非其他果類所可與倫比。紅皮之內(nèi)，果肉晶瑩，含汁欲滴，內(nèi)核橢圓，呈棕色，光滑似佛珠?；蛟唬笾υ趥髡f及詩歌中所占之地位，亦非其他果類所可與倫比。試舉一例。早在唐初，荔枝已屬享有盛名之美味。玄宗之寵楊貴妃，嗜之尤甚。玄宗為取悅貴妃，差人南下，將荔枝送回長安。有鑒于炎夏荔枝易腐，玄宗乃下令，將荔枝密封于竹管內(nèi)，標(biāo)以“軍機(jī)急件”之類字樣，由驛站輾轉(zhuǎn)送抵京城，騎者信以為真。凡怠慢者，處以死刑，故騎者與馬匹常有累死于途中者。唐代詩人杜牧，有感于此，命筆成詩，詩曰：“

31、長安回望繡成堆，山頂千門次第開。NBF 輔導(dǎo)，真正為考研人著想的輔導(dǎo)! NBF 考研輔導(dǎo)，全程包過，不過退款! QQ 客服：296312040一騎紅塵妃子笑，無人知是荔枝來?！辟F妃之笑，并不長久。玄宗之荒淫與玩忽國事，激怒一將軍，于是兵變起玄宗遂令一太監(jiān)，扼死貴妃云云。貴妃之悲劇，固非全然起因于酷愛荔枝。但此段傳聞可使人明瞭，當(dāng)年荔枝保鮮，殊非易事。SECTION 4: WRITING (50 points)Directions: In this section, you are to write a composition of no less than 500 words on theto

32、pic “Shanghai University Is My Choice.” Remember to write your composition clearly andconvincingly on your Answer Sheet參考答案上海大學(xué) 2004 年攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試試題考試科目：綜合英語SECTION 1: READING COMPREHENSION (45 points)Directions: In this section, you will find two passages, each of which is followed by somequestion

33、s. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions in your own words on yourAnswer Sheet. Please note that each response should be limited to less than ten words in order tobe valid.Questions 1 5An essay that appeals chiefly to the intellect is Francis Bacons “Of Studies.” His carefultripa

34、rtite division of studies expressed succinctly in aphoristic prose demands the completeattention of the mind of the reader. He considers studies as they should be: for pleasure, forself-improvement, and for business. He considers the evils of excess study: laziness, affectation,and preciosity. Bacon

35、 divides books into three categories: those to be read in part, those to be readcursorily, and those to be read with care. Studies should include reading, which gives depth,speaking which adds readiness of thought, and writing which trains in preciseness. Somewhatmistakenly, the author ascribes cert

36、ain virtues to individual fields of study: wisdom to history, witto poetry, subtlety to mathematics and depth to natural philosophy. Bacons four-hundred-wordessay, studded with Latin phrases and highly compressed in thought, has intellectual appealindeed.1. What is Bacons tripartite division of stud

37、ies?答：Study is for pleasure, for self-improvement, and for business.2. What does the word “affectation” (Line 4) mean?答：Deliberate display.3. What is Bacons criterion for dividing books into three categories?答：The content of the books4. What does the author think about Bacons ascribing certain virtu

38、es to individual fields ofstudy?答：Its somewhat mistakenly to do that.5. What characterizes Bacons “Of Studies”?答：Its terse and full of wisdomNBF 輔導(dǎo)，真正為考研人著想的輔導(dǎo)! NBF 考研輔導(dǎo)，全程包過，不過退款! QQ 客服：296312040Questions 6 15For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences orsci

39、ences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealingwith mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind ofhistorical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. Inthe first place,

40、 all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose ofunderstanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to manWhat distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not knowthat the world existed, and the wor

41、ld was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that hehimself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects of applications ofknowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they alsocontribute to defining him as man and permit him to pur

42、sue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy andautonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will haveimmediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whos

43、e revolutionary scopeis in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-knownExample. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conicsection, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it w

44、ould nothave been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature ofelectricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectualcuriosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcelyconce

45、ive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the humanspirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical resultsthat would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.1. What does scientific

46、 knowledge consist of?答：Mathematical sciences, natural sciences and sciences dealing with mankind2. Where do most important advances made by mankind come from?答： Natural sciences3. Does the author include the study of literature among the sciences?答：Yes4. What may we expect the author to discuss in

47、the paragraph that follows this passage?答：The value of pure research5. What distinguishes man from animal?答：He knows and needs to know11. What does man seek pure or theoretical knowledge for?答：Only for the purpose of understanding6. Were the Greeks who studied conic sections aware of the value of th

48、eir studies?答：Yes13. What is the best title for this passage?答：Learning for its own sake14. Does the practical scientist know the value of what he will discover?答：Yes15. What does the word “disinterestedly” (Last line of this passage) probably mean?答：Bears no personal like or dislikeNBF 輔導(dǎo)，真正為考研人著想的

49、輔導(dǎo)! NBF 考研輔導(dǎo)，全程包過，不過退款! QQ 客服：296312040SECTION 2: CLOZE (25 points)Directions: In this section, you will find a passage with 25 words missing. Read the passagecarefully and then fill in each of the blanks with ONE suitable word. Remember to write yourresponses on your Answer Sheet.I like the idea _(

50、1)_ “the English (language) is like an English park, which is _(2)_ outSeemingly without any definite plan, and in _(3)_ you are allowed to walkeverywhere _(4)_ to your fancy _(5)_ having to fear a stern keeper enforcing rigorousregulations.” Consider that the same cultural soil, the Celtic-Roman-Sa

51、xon-Danish-Normanamalgam, which _(6)_ the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom andrights of _(7)_ in the modern world. The first shoots _(8)_ up in England and they grewstronger in _(9)_. Churchill called _(10)_ “the joint inheritance of the English-speakingworld.” At the

52、very core of those _(11)_ are popular consent and resistance _(12)_ arbitraryauthority; both are fundamental characteristics of the English language. The English-speakingpeople have defeated all efforts to build _(13)_ around their language, to defer _(14)_ anacademyon what was permissible English a

53、nd _(15)_ not. They have decided for themselves.Nothing better expresses resistance to arbitrary _(16)_ than the persistence of _(17)_grammarians have denounced for centuries _(18)_ “errors.” In the common speech ofEnglish-speaking peoplesAmericans, Englishmen, Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders

54、, andothersthese usages persist, _(19)_ rising literacy and wider education. We hear these “errors”every day, _(20)_ as “I dont want none of that,” “Dont make that any more heavier,” and “Willyou learn me to read?” They have been _(21)_ us for at least four hundred years, because youcan find each of

55、 them in such works as “Hamlet” and “Othello” by _(22)_. Hidden in this is asimple fact: the English language is not the special private _(23)_ of the language police, orgrammarians, or teachers, or even great writers. The genius of _(24)_ is that it has always beenthe tongue of the _(25)_ people, l

56、iterate or not. English belongs to everybody!參考答案1 that 2 laid 3 which 4 according 5 without 6 producing 7 man 8 sprang 9 America 10 it 11there 12 to 13 fences 14 to 15 whats 16 authority 17 what 18 as 19 despite 20 such 21with 22memory 23 preserve 24 English 25 commonSECTION 3: TRANSLATION (30 poin

57、ts)Part A: English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version on yourAnswer Sheet.The Rise of RealismBetween the work of Hawthorne and Melville, the major novelists of the 1850s, and the workof Twain, James and Howells, the major novelists of the last quarter of the century, falls theshadow of the American Civil War (18611865). In his famous Gettysburg address AbrahamLincoln described the conflict in terms of epic simplicity:Fou