管架載荷計算

1、管架載荷計算規(guī)定1 總則本規(guī)定適用于設(shè)計管架時計算管道重量載荷、彈性載荷及摩擦力。其余載荷如：風載、地震載荷等可根據(jù)需要按相應(yīng)規(guī)定計算。2 考慮承載的一般原則2.1 當采用可變彈簧支吊架時，與其相鄰的剛性支架的載荷應(yīng)適當加大。一般取彈簧支吊架承受的最大載荷的15%作為轉(zhuǎn)移載荷，作川在相鄰剛性支架上。2.2 對靠近泵，壓縮機，汽輪機等敏感設(shè)備的支吊架，應(yīng)能承受相應(yīng)管段的全部重量。2.3 計算安全閥排氣管道上的支吊架載荷時（排氣管口為T型的除外），尚應(yīng)根據(jù)布置情況，考慮排氣反作用力。排氣反力按下式計算： （21）式中：F排氣管上氣流的反作用力，kg； Q氣體或蒸汽排放量，kg/h； K氣體或蒸汽的

2、絕熱指數(shù)； T安全閥入口絕對溫度，K； M氣體或蒸汽的分子量。3 重量載荷的確定3.1 重量載荷包括管道、管道附件、保溫層材料、介質(zhì)的重量（當介質(zhì)比重小于1,且管道需進行水壓試驗時按充水重量考慮）。另外，根據(jù)需要考慮雪載荷等的作用。3.2 由于管段形式和支承點所處位置不同，支吊架所承受的重量載荷亦不盡相同。為此，本規(guī)定將一般管段大致分為幾種主要形式，分別采用以下簡化方法計算支吊架重量載荷。3.2.1 水平直管段3.2.1.1 無集中載荷的水平直管段作用于管架上的重量載荷，按下式計算：式中：RA、RB、RC分別為直管段作用于A、B、C管架上的重量載荷，kg； q每米管道的重量，kg/m； L1、

3、L2管段長度，m。3.2.1.2 帶有集中載荷（閥門等）的水平直管段作用于兩端管架上重量載荷按下式計算：式中：P集中載荷，kg； a、b分別為集中載荷點至管架A、B的距離，m。3.2.2 垂直L形管段作用于兩端管架上的重量載荷，按下式確定。3.2.3 Z形管段3.2.3.1 水平Z形管段平面Z形管段作用于兩端管架上的重量載荷，其計算公式比較復雜，為簡化計算可利用作圖法進行。作圖步驟如下：先按比例畫出AB管段各段長度，并在A、B兩點間連直線，然后分別從L1、L2、L3各段的中點向AB引垂線，可分別得到a、b、c的長度，再將其代入式（38）和式（39），即可求出兩支承點的載荷。3.2.3.2 垂直

4、Z形管段垂直Z形管段作用于兩端管架上的重量載荷，按下式計算：3.2.3.3 對于空間Z形管段兩端管架的重量載荷，因計算復雜，簡化法的結(jié)果誤差過大，一般應(yīng)采用電算法計算。3.2.4 帶分支的水平T形管段3.2.4.1 分支管和主管在同一平面內(nèi)的T形管段作用于管架上的重量載荷，按下式計算：式中：q1、q2分別為主管、支管每米管道的重量載荷，kg/m。3.2.4.2 分支管和主管不在同一平面內(nèi)的T形管段，作用于管架上的重量載荷按下式計算： 式中：h分支管垂直段長度，m。3.3 上述簡化計算采用分段處理方法，所得的管架重量載荷系單側(cè)計算值，由于一般管道均為連續(xù)敷設(shè)，故管架上的總重量載荷還必須加上相鄰管

5、段以該支承點上所作用的重量載荷。4 水平摩擦力的計算作用于支托架上的水平摩擦力是在管道熱位移是產(chǎn)生的，其大小與管道重量和接觸面的材質(zhì)有關(guān)。4.1 托架上敷設(shè)單根管時，其水平摩擦力按下式計算：式中：Pm水平摩擦力，kg； Q作用于管架上的重量載荷，kg； µ摩擦系數(shù)（見下表）。摩擦系數(shù)µ接 觸 情 況µ值滑動支架鋼與鋼鋼與混凝土聚四氟乙烯與聚四乙烯0.30.60.1滾動支架鋼與鋼0.14.2 支托架上敷設(shè)多根管時，其水平摩擦力按式（42a）和（42b）計算，取兩者中之較大值：式中：Pm水平摩擦力，kg； Qi第i根管作用于管架上的重量載荷，kg； Qmax管架上所支

6、承管道中，最重管道的重量載荷，kg。5 熱膨脹彈性力的確定5.1 因管段熱脹作用于固定管架的彈性力，計算都十分復雜，為便于工程應(yīng)用，本規(guī)定采用以下圖表計算法。5.1.1 根據(jù)管段形式按表1和與之相應(yīng)的圖表查出系數(shù)KX、KY和KZ。5.1.2 根據(jù)管道操作條件和所用材料，由表16中查出相應(yīng)之C值。5.1.3 按式（51），（52），（53）分別計算X、Y、Z三方向的熱膨脹彈性力：式中：Fx、Fy、Fz分別為X、Y、Z方向上的彈性力，kg； Kx、Ky、Kz分別為X、Y、Z方向上的系數(shù)（見表15）； C膨脹系數(shù)（見表16）； L相應(yīng)管段計算參數(shù)，m； I管子斷面慣性矩，cm4。式中：D管子外徑，c

7、m； d管子內(nèi)徑，cm。表1 常見形狀索引表表2 L形管段L/hKXKYL/hKXKY1.012.012.04.645636.21.217.212.54.851037.81.423.013.45.057039.51.632.014.45.263041.21.842.015.45.470043.02.054.016.65.677544.72.268.317.85.885546.22.484.419.26.093848.22.610320.66.2102049.82.812522.06.4111051.63.015023.56.6121253.43.217525.06.8131355.03.410

8、726.57.0142656.83.623728.07.2151758.63.827429.57.4165560.24.031531.57.6178561.84.235633.07.8191763.64.440634.68.0205965.4表3 帶鉤的Z形管段L/hKXKYL/hKXKY0.61.181.314.416040.40.82.72.24.617343.41.04.33.34.819846.41.27.84.75.021949.41.411.26.25.224152.51.615.27.75.426355.61.819.79.25.628658.72.024.310.95.8310

9、61.82.230.013.06.033465.02.437.015.16.236068.42.645.017.26.438871.82.854.019.36.641675.23.064.821.66.844678.93.276.024.07.047982.03.488.026.57.250885.53.6100.029.07.454089.13.8113.531.67.657992.74.0128.734.67.861596.34.2144.037.48.0653100.0表4 Z形管段a/b11.5234L/hKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKY0.69.2543.08.5387.33

10、26.5256.0220.812.839.011.83510.5299.2238.5201.017.237.915.93414.42912.62211.8191.222.537.821.035182916.02314201.428.337.727362230202419211.635.442.134373032272524211.843.043.241393833342630222.052.845.750414635422740242.263.048.060435738512948252.476.051.071466840613158272.689.054.583497943713369292

11、.810258.296539146823580303.011662.21105610449923790323.213266.0124591185110639104343.414970.0140631335412141118363.616874.0168661495713644132383.818878.0177701656015146147404.021082.0197731816316649163424.223586.421977201661855118244續(xù)表4a/b11.5234L/hKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKY4.426090.6241812216920453201464

12、.628594.8263852417222356220484.831099.0287882637524358239505.0336103.2314922887826661260525.2364107.6341963138128663281545.4393111.83701003398531066304565.6425116.23991043658833568329585.8457120.54301083929236071355616.0491124.84611124229538673381636.2526129.44931164509841476408656.4562133.852612047

13、810244379436676.6598138.250112450610547281465696.8633142.659812853510850284495727.0670145.063613256511153386526747.2715152.067413660111556589557767.4758156.571414063911859992588787.6803161.075614368012263394620817.8850165.579814872412566897655838.0898170.08401527701297039969485表5 形帶等長切線管段L/a23456789

14、10L/hKX1.02.402.462.522.582.642.672.702.732.751.23.704.464.654.784.845.05.25.295.351.45.316.466.796.987.17.47.77.857.951.67.228.468.939.209.59.810.210.4110.551.89.4510.4811.0811.4211.912.312.712.9713.152.012.0012.513.2413.8714.414.915.315.5315.792.214.8515.816.616.917.518.018.620.021.02.418.0019.620

15、.420.821.322.523.825.226.32.621.5223.424.425.526.227.529.030.731.72.825.3227.328.930.631.733.034.736.337.23.029.4531.233.635.837.739.340.741.943.03.233.935.639.041.243.745.748.050.050.83.438.740.044.546.949.552.255.558.359.23.643.746.150.353.057.559.563.266.768.03.849.152.357.060.265.568.571.575.277

16、.14.054.958.564.069.173.677.580.984.286.64.260.864.771.178.182.087.090.495.097.04.467.371.078.987.291.096.5100.5106.2108.04.673.979.187.096.3101.7106.5112.0117.8120.04.881.087.295.8105.4112.4118.0124.2129.8133.3續(xù)表5L/a2345678910L/hKX5.088.295.3104.6114.7122.5130.0136.7142.5147.95.295.9104.4114.0125.0

17、134.0142.0149.4157.5163.05.4103.8113.5123.6136.3146.0155.0162.4172.6178.55.6112.1122.6134.0147.6159.0169.0177.0187.0194.55.8120.7132.0144.6159.0172.0183.0192.620.7211.06.0129.6141.6155.8171.3185.0197.8209.0219.2228.36.2138.8152.4167.2184.0199.0213.0225.0236.0245.86.4148.4163.3179.1198.0213.0228.5241

18、.8253.0263.86.6158.2174.2191.0212.2228.0245.0259.5271.0282.86.8168.4185.2204.0226.4244.2262.5279.0292.03057.0178.9196.3217.0240.7261.8280.7298.73143287.2189.8207.1230.5256.0279.8299.53193363517.4200.9221.9244.2271.5297.8319.03393583747.6212.4234.7259.2287.5316339.03593813987.8224.2247.6274.5304.3334

19、359.03814044228.0236.2260.7289.83223523794054274488.2248.7275.03053403724004294514758.4261.5289.33203583924224554765028.6274.63043363774134454805025308.8287.93183513954344705055295609.03023323674164564955305595909.23163483844374795205565896209.43303654024585035455846186519.63453814224805275706116486

20、849.836039744350255159663968071710.0375414466525575624666711750表6 形帶不等長切線管段L1/L2=2L/a246810L/hKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKY1.02.50.52.71.12.81.42.91.53.01.61.24.40.75.31.65.01.85.52.05.52.11.46.41.08.02.17.62.28.22.58.22.61.68.41.210.82.610.22.710.92.911.03.01.810.41.513.63.112.93.113.63.414.03.52.012.41.716

21、.53.615.63.616.53.817.24.02.216.02.020.33.920.64.020.04.221.54.52.419.72.324.14.325.64.524.04.727.54.92.623.42.728.04.630.64.928.05.133.55.52.827.13.032.04.935.65.433.05.639.56.03.030.93.336.15.340.75.940.86.046.56.53.236.33.741.05.748.06.347.06.564.06.93.441.74.047.06.256.06.855.07.062.07.43.646.14

22、.453.06.664.07.365.07.471.07.83.851.64.860.07.172.07.876.07.981.18.34.058.05.269.07.580.08.287.08.492.08.84.265.05.577.08.090.08.798.08.91059.34.472.05.986.08.41009.11099.41189.84.679.06.395.08.81119.51209.813210.34.886.06.71049.01229.913310.314510.8續(xù)表6L/a246810L/hKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKY5.094.07.01139.

23、613210.414710.815911.35.21037.512410.014510.915811.317211.75.41127.913510.515811.317311.718812.15.61218.314310.917211.818912.220612.65.81318.715711.418512.320612.622313.06.01409.216811.819912.722413.124213.56.21509.518012.321613.224113.626114.06.41619.919312.723213.625814.128314.56.617110.320613.124

24、814.127514.530615.06.818210.722013.626414.529215.032915.57.019211.123414.028014.931015.535216.07.220411.524914.429915.432915.937516.47.421611.926414.831915.834816.339916.87.622812.327915.233816.236716.742517.27.824012.729515.635716.638617.145017.78.025213.131216.137717.140817.547618.28.226613.533016

25、.639817.543017.950218.68.428013.934817.042018.045318.453019.08.629514.336617.544218.447618.956119.58.830914.738418.046518.950319.359220.09.032315.240218.448719.453119.862420.69.233915.642118.851219.756020.265721.09.435516.044019.253720.158820.768921.49.637116.446019.656220.561821.172221.89.838716.84

26、8020.058720.964621.675422.210.040317.350020.461321.367522.078722.7表7 形帶不等長切線管段L1/L2=3L/a246810L/hKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKY1.02.50.72.81.43.12.03.22.13.32.21.24.01.14.01.94.02.65.82.86.02.91.46.01.56.02.47.03.38.43.59.03.61.68.01.89.02.9103.9114.2114.31.8102.2123.5134.6144.9145.02.0132.6154.0175.3185.6195

27、.82.2163.1184.6215.6226.3226.62.4203.6215.2265.9267.1287.42.6244.2265.8316.2317.8348.22.8284.7316.4376.5398.6439.03.0335.2387.0457.0489.3529.83.2395.8447.6517.95710.06010.53.4446.3518.2599.06510.77011.13.6506.9598.86810.07411.58011.83.8567.5679.47711.28412.29012.44.0628.17310.08712.49512.810113.14.2

28、698.78210.69613.110713.611513.84.4769.39211.310713.811914.312914.54.6849.910211.911814.513215.114315.34.89210.611112.613015.214515.815716.0續(xù)表7L/a246810L/hKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKY5.010111.212013.214416.016016.517216.75.211011.813113.915716.717417.218817.45.411912.414214.517017.419017.920518.15.612913.015

29、415.218418.120818.722218.85.813913.616615.819918.822619.424119.66.014814.217916.521619.724420.126220.36.215914.919117.123120.326220.728321.06.417015.720417.824921.028021.430521.86.618116.421918.526721.630022.133022.66.819417.123419.128522.332122.935323.47.020817.825019.830423.034423.637624.27.222018

30、.526620.532323.736724.240324.97.423219.128221.234424.439024.843025.67.624619.829921.836525.141325.545726.27.826020.431722.538725.843826.148526.98.027621.133523.241026.546426.751327.68.229021.835423.943227.249027.554228.38.430522.537324.625527.951828.257329.08.632123.239225.248028.654629.060529.78.83

31、3823.941125.950629.357429.763730.49.035524.643026.653230.260430.566931.19.237225.345027.356031.063431.270331.79.438925.947027.958831.866532.073832.49.640626.649128.661932.669732.777433.09.842327.251329.364933.473033.481033.710.044027.953830.068034.276534.284534.3表8 形帶不等長切線管段L1/L2=4L/a246810L/hKXKYKX

32、KYKXKYKXKYKXKY1.02.60.82.91.853.22.33.42.43.52.51.24.51.35.02.55.23.163.26.23.41.46.71.87.73.383.994.094.21.68.92.310.54.0114.7124.8125.01.811.22.713.34.7145.4155.6165.82.013.53.216.35.4186.2196.5206.72.217.53.8206.3227.0237.4247.62.421.54.5257.2277.9298.3308.42.625.55.1308.0338.8369.1379.32.829.75.

33、8368.9409.64310.04510.23.034.26.4439.84810.55210.95411.03.240.47.14910.65611.46011.86311.93.4477.85611.56512.37012.77212.83.6528.56412.37413.18013.68213.73.8599.27213.28314.09014.59414.64.06610.08114.19315.010215.510815.74.27210.89015.010415.811316.412316.54.48011.610015.911616.712617.213817.44.6881

34、2.411116.812817.614018.115318.34.89713.212217.714118.515518.916819.2續(xù)表8L/a246810L/hKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKY5.010714.013318.515419.417019.818320.15.211714.814419.416820.318520.720021.05.412715.615720.318321.220121.621821.95.613716.417121.120022.221922.423622.85.814817.218522.021723.123823.325723.76.01591

35、8.019922.923424.025824.227824.56.217018.921523.825124.927725.129925.56.418119.723024.726925.929626.032126.46.619420.624525.528826.831626.934627.36.820821.526026.430927.834027.937128.27.022222.427627.433028.736728.839929.27.223623.229328.335129.438929.642730.07.425024.231129.237230.241230.445530.97.6

36、26425.133030.139331.043631.248331.77.827926.035031.041531.846332.051132.68.029627.037032.043732.749032.854033.48.231327.939032.846033.451933.757034.38.433028.841033.748434.354834.660335.28.634729.743034.651035.157835.563736.08.836430.645135.553636.060836.467336.99.038231.447336.356237.064037.471037.

37、89.240032.349637.259037.867238.174738.69.441933.251938.161538.770438.978439.59.643834.154239.064539.673639.782140.39.845735.056640.068040.476840.585841.210.047636.059041.071041.380041.389642.0表9 形單邊等切線管段L/a1.5234L/hKXKYKXKYKXKYKXKY1.02.630.752.81.413.32.33.62.71.24.01.274.82.2863.56.03.91.46.01.7973.1594.89.05.11.68.02.3194.0123.012.06.31.811.02.83124.9167.216.57.52.014.53.4165.8208.421.38.82