初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時

1、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 2017.11.241春天還會遠嗎春天還會遠嗎 ? ?will it still be far in spring?冬天已經(jīng)來了冬天已經(jīng)來了, ,winter has already come, 2現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時態(tài)時態(tài)winterwinter has has alreadyalready comecome. .3現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時的構(gòu)成形式時的構(gòu)成形式 have done has助動詞助動詞過去過去分詞分詞4助動詞助動詞have/has可和前面的主可和前面的主語縮略為語縮略為ve,s.如如 theyve, weve, hes, its; youve has not=h

2、asnthave not=havent5過去分詞的變化過去分詞的變化1、一般動詞，在詞尾加、一般動詞，在詞尾加 +ed work, plant,call2.以字母以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，詞尾加結(jié)尾的動詞，詞尾加+d live, change, like, love, agree, save hate, move, arrive, skate, hope, use3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的 雙寫輔音字母雙寫輔音字母ed. 如：如：plan, stop,drop,fit(適適合合), prefer(更喜歡更喜歡), travel4.以以輔音字母

3、輔音字母y，結(jié)尾結(jié)尾，變，變y為為ied try, study, carry, hurry, cry, worry,copy61.肯定句肯定句:主語+have/has(助動詞）助動詞）+過去分詞過去分詞+(其他）。其他）。2. 否定句否定句: 主語主語+have/has+not +過去分詞過去分詞+(其他）。其他）。 3.一般疑問句一般疑問句 have/has+ 主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞? yes, 主語主語+have/has. no, 主語主語+have/hasnt.7用來表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和用來表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)

4、系: 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 they have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開了他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里 i have had my lunch. -我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時的含義時的含義也可表示也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。的動作或狀態(tài)。 he has learned english since 2001. -從從2001年開始學(xué)的年開始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢8nowpastfuture一般過去

5、時一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是在過去某個時間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作表示的是在過去某個時間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作/狀態(tài)狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在或者發(fā)生在過去卻對現(xiàn)在造成的影響過去卻對現(xiàn)在造成的影響they have left.he has learned english since 2001.9和和現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時連用的時間狀語時連用的時間狀語meaningexamplealready已經(jīng)已經(jīng)i have already done my homework.yet還（未）還（未）i have not finished my homework yet.never從不，從沒從不

6、，從沒i have never read this story.ever曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)have you ever watched this film?recently最近最近we have not seen nancy recently.just剛剛剛剛he has just seen nancy.for+時間段時間段時間時間she learned english for nine years.since+時間點時間點自從自從i have not eaten anything since 9 a.m.in the past在過去的在過去的he has changed a lot in the pas

7、t three years.101.mr. black left china in 1990. mr. black _china since 1990.2.the hero died five years ago. the hero _ for five years.3.the meeting began two minutes ago. the meeting _ for two minutes.4.we borrowed two books last week. we _ the two books for a week.5. sally joined the league two yea

8、rs ago. sally _ the league for two years. has been away from has been deadhas been onhave kepthas been in11 延續(xù)性動詞：表示可以延續(xù)一段時間的動作或狀態(tài)。如：延續(xù)性動詞：表示可以延續(xù)一段時間的動作或狀態(tài)。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rainbe,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。等。 瞬間性動詞：表示不能延續(xù)的動作，即動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。瞬間性動詞：表示不能延續(xù)的動作，即動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：如：begin,arr

9、ive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,lbegin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stopeave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,start,stop等。等。 瞬間性瞬間性的動詞是不能持續(xù)的，所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。的動詞是不能持續(xù)的，所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。比較延續(xù)性動詞與瞬間性動詞比較延續(xù)性動詞與瞬間性動詞 12 since 用來說明動作

10、起始時間用來說明動作起始時間 “自從自從” for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度 “長達長達”i have lived here for more than twenty years.i have lived here since i was born.my aunt has worked in a company since 1949. i have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較比較since和和for13二、用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month

11、4._ 19995._yesterday 6._4 oclock7_4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. he has lived in nanjing _ the year before last.13. ive known him _ we were children.14. our teacher has studied japanese _ three years.15. she has been away from the city _ about ten year

12、s.16. its about ten years _ she left the city.14瞬間性動詞例如瞬間性動詞例如come,go,leave等，不和表示延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用，等，不和表示延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用，例如例如for two hours或者是或者是since last month。如果我們想用它們來表達。如果我們想用它們來表達延續(xù)性的狀態(tài)，就要把他們轉(zhuǎn)化成對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。延續(xù)性的狀態(tài)，就要把他們轉(zhuǎn)化成對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。verb used for a continuous stateexamplebuyhave/has hadhe has had the watch for o

13、ver two years.borrow have/has keptshe has kept this book for two weeks.arrivehave/has been in/atkitty has been in nanjing for a month.leavehave/has been awayshe has been away from home for ten years.join have/has been in/a member of simon has been a member of the football club since last year.diehav

14、e/has been deadthe fish has been dead for two days.get marriedhave/has been marriedthey have been married for more than twenty e/gohave/has been in/atmy cousin has been in beijing for a month.begin/starthave/has been onthe meeting has been on for half an hour.stophave/has been overthe conference has

15、 been over since last sunday.151. he died 10 years ago. - he _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - he _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. -he _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. - he _ _ here since thr

16、ee days ago.5. they turned off the light 2 hours ago. - the light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. he left here 2 years ago. - he _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. - the film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. they opened the door an hour ago. - the door _ _ _ for an hour.9. they closed the doo

17、r an hour ago. - the door _ _ _ for an hour.10. he joined the army last year. - he _ _ a _ for a year. - he _ _ _ the army for a year. - it _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動詞和動詞和瞬間瞬間性性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化161. he died 10 years ago. - he has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed th

18、e book 2 weeks ago. - he has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. -he has had the motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. - he has been here since three days ago.5. they turned off the light 2 hours ago. - the light has been on for 2 hours.6. he left her

19、e 2 years ago. - he has been away from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. - the film has been on for 30 minutes.8. they opened the door an hour ago. - the door has been open for an hour.9. they closed the door an hour ago. - the door has been closed for an hour.10. he joined the army

20、 last year. - he has been a soldier for a year. - he has been in the army for a year. - it is a year since he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動詞和動詞和瞬間瞬間性性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (keys)17he has gone to shanghai.他他(已經(jīng)已經(jīng))去上海了。去上海了。he has been to shanghai.他他(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。去過上海。比較比較 have/has been to have/has gone to18he went

21、 to shanghai last week. 他他(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng))到到/去過上海去過上海 在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了他已經(jīng)他已經(jīng)去上海了去上海了 也許剛動身出發(fā)也許剛動身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了也許已經(jīng)到了,也許也許還在路上還在路上,反正他人不在這里反正他人不在這里上周他上周他做了一件事做了一件事:那就是那就是去了上海去了上海he has been to shanghai.he has gone to shanghai.he has been in shanghai for 10 years.他他呆在上

22、海迄今為止已經(jīng)呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了年了 現(xiàn)在還在上海沒現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢有離開呢he lived in shanghai for 10 years.以前他以前他在上海住過在上海住過10年年 現(xiàn)在不在上海了現(xiàn)在不在上海了辨析這些句子辨析這些句子由時態(tài)導(dǎo)致的由時態(tài)導(dǎo)致的含義上的差別含義上的差別19練習(xí)1.i like guilin. i _ there twice. a. go b. went c. have gone d. have been 此題中的twice（兩次）表示經(jīng)歷，要用現(xiàn)在完成時，因此選d。 2. where”s li lei? he _ beijing. a. goe

23、s to b. went to c. has gone to d. has been to 此題的語境是李雷不在說話的地方，因此要選 c。 3. he went to toronto two years ago, so he _ toronto for two tears. a.has been to b. has gone to c. has been in d. has gone 題目有for two years這一個段時間，而have been to 和have gone to都不能和段時間連用，因此選c has been in 。20 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時

24、的比較 1）一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。i saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）i have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）212）一般過去時一般過去時 常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連

25、用; 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in october, just now, - 具體的時間狀語具體的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時間狀語模糊的時間狀語句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如句

26、子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時 （錯）（錯）tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）（對）tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.223）現(xiàn)在完成時）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過

27、去時一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。等。 she joined the league three years ago. (加入的動作不是延續(xù)的加入的動作不是延續(xù)的) she has been in the league for three years (since three years ago). (在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) she has been a league member for three years (since three years ago).(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))23家庭作業(yè)家庭作業(yè)一、選擇填空 ( )1.jims been to the great wall before ,_he?(a)isnt (b)wasnt (c)hasnt (d)doesnt( )2.shes never been to england, _she?(a)has (b)hasnt (c)isnt (d)is( )2._has