英語語法填空ppt

1、1 1、閱讀、閱讀/ /理解理解語篇語篇的能力的能力; ;2 2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力; ;3 3、熟練運用語法的能力。、熟練運用語法的能力。1. 語法填空題語法填空題能力要求能力要求2. 語法填空題語法填空題解題步驟解題步驟n1 1、快速瀏覽全文，把握文章大意、快速瀏覽全文，把握文章大意和作者寫作意圖，總體時態(tài)；和作者寫作意圖，總體時態(tài)；n2 2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)-主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu); ;n3 3、根據(jù)上下文把握空格意思。、根據(jù)上下文把握空格意思。 3.語法填空題語法填空題空格設計空格設計純空格純空格介詞，介詞，代代詞，詞，連連詞，冠詞詞，冠詞(情態(tài)動詞/助動詞)

2、（每空1詞）有有提提示示詞詞謂語動詞：（適當形式：時態(tài)謂語動詞：（適當形式：時態(tài)/語態(tài)）語態(tài)）非謂語動詞：（非謂語動詞：（to do / doing / done）名詞：（可數(shù)名詞：（可數(shù)/不可數(shù)不可數(shù)/單復數(shù)、單復數(shù)、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換詞類轉(zhuǎn)換）形容詞或副詞：（形容詞或副詞：（詞類轉(zhuǎn)換詞類轉(zhuǎn)換、比較等級）、比較等級）（每空可多個詞）3. the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _small town some 20 kilometers away.4. i still remember taking

3、_ visiting friend from canada to a local black country pub(酒店酒店) for lunch. 考點一：冠詞考點一：冠詞：名詞之前：名詞之前1. there once were a goat (山羊山羊) and a donkey(驢驢). so the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2.when i see a child subject to(受到受到) this kind of pressure, i think of d

4、onnie. he was _ shy , nervous perfectionist(完美主義者完美主義者). 考查語法點考查語法點: 定冠詞定冠詞,不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞的用法考點分析考點分析 無提示詞無提示詞考點二：考點二： 介詞介詞(1)(1)介詞介詞+ +賓語（名詞）賓語（名詞）(2)(2)不及物動詞不及物動詞+ +介詞介詞+ +賓語賓語1. in short, i believe that it is _ great use to keep a dairy in english2. when i took the money from her grandparents, i loo

5、ked back _the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile i had ever seen. 3. she found some good quality pipes_ sale. 4. he was very tired _doing this for a whole day考查語法點考查語法點: 介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配考點分析考點分析 無提示詞：無提示詞：注意固定搭配注意固定搭配 當空格后的名詞(一般前有限定詞)、代詞或動名詞在句中不是不是作主語、表語，也不是也不是作動詞的賓語時

6、，那就是作介詞的賓語，即填介詞。 因為名詞和代詞最典型的用法是在句中作主語或賓語，既然不作主語和動詞的賓語，那就是作介詞的賓語了，所以要填介詞。 具體填什么介詞,可能是由介詞與該名詞的介詞與該名詞的搭配及其意義搭配及其意義來決定,也可能是由動詞或形容動詞或形容詞與介詞的句式搭配詞與介詞的句式搭配來決定。解題技巧解題技巧考點三：考點三：代詞代詞(1)(1)作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格, ,注意注意形容形容詞詞性詞詞性和和名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別。的區(qū)別。(2)(2)指示代詞指示代詞, ,不定代詞、反身代詞等不定代詞、反身代詞等(3)(3)有關有關itit的特殊句

7、型的特殊句型考查語法點考查語法點: 代詞的基本用法代詞的基本用法1. she remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable christmas present for her father. 2. when the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, i wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble i had caused _ . 3. it has been said before, but expe

8、riencing it myself has made _ want to say it again: a smile 無提示詞無提示詞 因句子的主語或賓語主要由因句子的主語或賓語主要由名詞、代詞、名詞、代詞、動名詞或不定式動名詞或不定式等充當，而名詞、動名詞或不定式等實等充當，而名詞、動名詞或不定式等實詞通常會放在有提示詞的空格中考查，詞通常會放在有提示詞的空格中考查，所以純空格所填所以純空格所填詞在句子中作主語或賓語時，通常填代詞詞在句子中作主語或賓語時，通常填代詞: 解題技巧解題技巧在在名詞前作定語名詞前作定語就就只能用形容詞性物主代詞只能用形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/he

9、r等等)。考點四：連詞或考點四：連詞或從句引導詞從句引導詞兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)連接連接 1. historically, it was famous for industry, which explains_the area is called the black country. 2. it got its name during the industrial revolution, _ factory pollution turned the local skies black and local dust from the mines made the soil the same c

10、olor. 3. jane paused in front of a counter(柜臺柜臺) _ some attractive ties were on display.4. one day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up (拔起拔起)all of his crop a few inches.考查語法點考查語法點: 各類復合句中連詞各類復合句中連詞,引導詞的用法引導詞的用法考點分析考點分析 無提示詞無提示詞解題技巧解題技巧解題技巧解題技巧(1)連接兩個功能對等的單詞或短語兩個功能對等的單詞或短語時，應填并列連詞and,or,but

11、等。(2)若兩個句子(即兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，沒有句號沒有句號或分號或分號，也沒有連詞，那空格處必定是填連接詞，否則，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。 根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定是并列句并列句(多要求考生填and, but,while, when,or 等) 還是某種主從復合句主從復合句。然后根據(jù)各類從句的特點，結(jié)合連接詞的意義和用法，確定填具體的某個連詞。并列句：并列句：簡單句簡單句并列連詞并列連詞簡單句簡單句復合句：復合句：主句（主謂賓）主句（主謂賓）從句從句 （連接詞連接詞主謂）主謂）第二部分：有提示詞第二部分：有提示詞考點五：謂考點五：謂語動詞語動詞 有提示詞有提

12、示詞 與主語構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)與主語構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1. i was certain she would like it because i _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. 2. his fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 3. being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary

13、 to our intention.考查語法點考查語法點: 謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致 當句中缺少謂語動詞時，括號中的動詞就是謂語動詞。此時要考慮_、_、_、_等四個方面。【確定時態(tài)的【確定時態(tài)的3條依據(jù)】條依據(jù)】(1)依據(jù)上下文時態(tài)一致?？瓷舷挛闹^語動詞是什么時態(tài)(過去/現(xiàn)在/將來)，空格要填的動詞時態(tài)一般應與上下文的時態(tài)一致。這空格要填的動詞時態(tài)一般應與上下文的時態(tài)一致。這是高考語法填空中確定時態(tài)的是高考語法填空中確定時態(tài)的最重要的依據(jù)最重要的依據(jù)。但需注意：客觀事實或真理可能時態(tài)不一致；直接引語的時態(tài)會與引號外的時態(tài)不一致。(2)依據(jù)并列謂語動詞并列謂語

14、動詞的時態(tài)一致。(3)依據(jù)時間狀語。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；by the end of, since 1980, for three years常與完成時連用。提示：盡管課標或考綱中列出了10種時態(tài)，但近兩年全國卷和九年廣東卷的高考真題主要考查了一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時考查了一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)。解題技巧解題技巧時態(tài)、時態(tài)、 語態(tài)、語態(tài)、 語氣、語氣、 主謂一致主謂一致考點六：非謂考點六：非謂語動詞語動詞 有提示詞有提示詞 非謂語動詞及變形的使用非謂語

15、動詞及變形的使用1. we must also consider the reaction of the person _ (receive) the gift. 2. i then noticed that i had just 10 minutes left _ (complete) the rest! 3. my pupils, donnie _ (include), adored her. 4. before the waitress could even finish describing the menu, my friend looked at me with his eyebr

16、ows(眉毛眉毛) _(raise). 當句中已有謂語已有謂語動詞，橫線前又沒有并列連詞沒有并列連詞與括號中的動詞并列時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞（無連則非）。此時，就要根據(jù)非謂語動詞的用法確定用具體的某種形式(doing, done, to do)。考點七：考點七：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 有提示詞有提示詞 介詞介詞, ,冠詞冠詞, ,所有格后接名詞所有格后接名詞, ,形容詞修形容詞修飾名詞飾名詞, ,副詞修飾副詞修飾形容詞形容詞/ /動詞動詞/ /整個句子整個句子1. “thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). 2. as far as i am concer

17、ned, my 37 _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a chinese-english within easy reach. 3. this proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course. 4. _ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, i think it is still a good one which brin

18、gs more good than harm to the students and the nation. 考查語法點考查語法點: 各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化 當空格處所需詞類與括號中所給詞的詞類不同時當空格處所需詞類與括號中所給詞的詞類不同時, ,就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題一般可根據(jù)以下就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題一般可根據(jù)以下5 5點順利解點順利解決：決：（1 1）作主語或賓語用）作主語或賓語用_形式。形式。（2 2）在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞）在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞(+(+形容詞形容詞) )、不定代、不定代詞詞(some, any, a lot of(some, any,

19、a lot of等等) )、介詞后還沒有名詞時，、介詞后還沒有名詞時，就用就用_形式。形式。（3 3）作定語、表語或補足語用）作定語、表語或補足語用_形式。形式。（4 4）作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或放）作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或放在句首修飾全句，用在句首修飾全句，用_。（5 5）當所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時，）當所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時，無需改變詞性，而可能是只改變詞義但不改變詞性的無需改變詞性，而可能是只改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴或后綴前綴或后綴，也可能用其，也可能用其比較級或最高級比較級或最高級。解題技巧解題技巧考點歸納考點歸納 在高考全國

20、卷中出現(xiàn)的考綱詞的派生在高考全國卷中出現(xiàn)的考綱詞的派生詞是不算生詞的，也不用漢語注明，因此，詞是不算生詞的，也不用漢語注明，因此，掌握基本的構(gòu)詞法知識非常重要。掌握基本的構(gòu)詞法知識非常重要。從近兩年全國卷的語法填空來看，詞類轉(zhuǎn)從近兩年全國卷的語法填空來看，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換僅考查了以下?lián)Q僅考查了以下3點：點：(1)形容詞形容詞副詞。副詞。(2)形容詞形容詞名詞。名詞。(3)名詞名詞形容詞。形容詞?？键c八：考點八：形容詞副形容詞副詞的級詞的級 有提示詞有提示詞通常，有表示范圍的通常，有表示范圍的in /ofin /of介詞短語或介詞短語或形容詞前有形容詞前有thethe時，一般要用最高級；時，一般要用最高

21、級；thanthan的前面一定要用比較級的前面一定要用比較級1. one of the _ (bad) gift choices i ever made was for my high school english teacher 2. we were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. when it was time to leave, i said “thank you” in korean, using some of the few words i had le

22、arned. i felt _ (lonely) than i had expected that night. 3. lucille clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. critics call her one of the _ (great) writers of our time.解題技巧解題技巧 當括號中所給詞是形容詞或副詞，且空當括號中所給詞是形容詞或副詞，且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時，要根據(jù)語格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時，要根據(jù)語境境,理解句意，若該詞意思不變，邏輯上講得理解句意，若該詞意思不變，邏輯上講得通通,就很可能填該

23、詞的比較級或最高級。就很可能填該詞的比較級或最高級。 注意：注意： 要善于分析語境要善于分析語境,辨別省略了辨別省略了than的隱性比較級。的隱性比較級。 若需要用與該詞意義相反的意思，邏輯若需要用與該詞意義相反的意思，邏輯才通順的，就要在該詞前加表示否定或相反才通順的，就要在該詞前加表示否定或相反意義的前綴或后綴。意義的前綴或后綴。1. (2015卷卷i65) seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the li river which are pictured by artists in so many chinese

24、_ (painting). 2. (2014卷卷i49) while there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.考點九：考點九：名詞名詞 做主語或賓語做主語或賓語考查語法點考查語法點: 名詞的單復數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化名詞的單復數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化 / (可數(shù)與不可數(shù))解題技巧解題技巧 名詞在句中的典型用法就是作主語或賓名詞在句中的典型用法就