構(gòu)詞法在語(yǔ)法填空中的應(yīng)用公開(kāi)課

1、語(yǔ)法填空的考查范圍：語(yǔ)法填空的考查范圍：1 語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)境(上下文）；上下文）；2 語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致、動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語(yǔ)形式）、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、非謂語(yǔ)形式）、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、固定搭配、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和固定搭配、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)最高級(jí)及副詞的比較級(jí)最高級(jí)及構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法、倒裝等、倒裝等。 英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有三種方法。 派生（派生（derivation） 合成（compound） 轉(zhuǎn)換（conversion）三種構(gòu)詞法三種構(gòu)詞法: : 1.派生派生(derivation): 2.合成合成(compounding): 3.轉(zhuǎn)

2、化轉(zhuǎn)化(conversion) 通過(guò)加通過(guò)加前綴前綴或或后綴后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞: eg. happy- unhappy ( 加前綴加前綴) happy- happiness ( 加后綴加后綴)由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞 eg. wood( 木木)+ cut( 刻刻)-woodcut( 木刻木刻)由一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)詞類由一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)詞類: eg. water ( n.)水水 - water ( v.)澆水澆水三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的含義：三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的含義：詞根：詞根：詞綴：詞綴：詞類詞類：構(gòu)成詞義的最小單位，不可再分。構(gòu)成詞義的最小單位，不可再分。前綴；后綴前

3、綴；后綴十大詞類十大詞類派生法派生法 派生法（也稱詞綴法），即由一個(gè)詞根加派生法（也稱詞綴法），即由一個(gè)詞根加上前綴或后綴，構(gòu)成另一個(gè)單詞的構(gòu)詞法，上前綴或后綴，構(gòu)成另一個(gè)單詞的構(gòu)詞法，添加在詞根前面的構(gòu)成部分叫前綴，它一添加在詞根前面的構(gòu)成部分叫前綴，它一般不改變?cè)~的詞性，只改變其詞義。添般不改變?cè)~的詞性，只改變其詞義。添加在詞根后面的構(gòu)成部分叫后綴，它改變加在詞根后面的構(gòu)成部分叫后綴，它改變了原詞的詞性，有時(shí)可改變其詞義。了原詞的詞性，有時(shí)可改變其詞義。 前前 綴綴 例例 詞詞 dis- disappear un- unknown in- indirect (常用在常用在adj.后后)

4、 im-impossible(用在用在b,p,m 開(kāi)頭前開(kāi)頭前) ir- irregularab- abnormal il- illegalmis-misunderstandnon- nonsmoker(否定否定)(不不)(不不)（不）（不）(誤誤)(非非)(不不,非非)（不（不)（不）（不） 前前 綴綴 例例 詞詞 a-構(gòu)成形容詞構(gòu)成形容詞,副詞副詞asleep, alone,abroad over- oversleep inter- international re-recover en- enrich過(guò)度過(guò)度相互相互再，又再，又使使 后后 綴綴 例例 詞詞名詞 -er;- or;-ee

5、. 者者 employer,actor,employee -ess 女的女的waitress, hotess -ese . 地方的人地方的人chinese, japanese -ian 精通精通的人的人, 地方人地方人musician, russian -ist 專業(yè)人員專業(yè)人員 pianist -ment 性質(zhì)性質(zhì),狀態(tài)；運(yùn)動(dòng)、狀態(tài)；運(yùn)動(dòng)、結(jié)果結(jié)果movement - ness 性質(zhì)性質(zhì), 狀態(tài)狀態(tài)kindness -tion 表示動(dòng)作表示動(dòng)作,過(guò)程過(guò)程,結(jié)果結(jié)果 suggestion形容詞后綴形容詞后綴: : - al ; an ; ern; -ble ; ish ; ive; y; -f

6、ul ; - less 表示具有表示具有的性質(zhì)的性質(zhì), 或與或與有關(guān)有關(guān) e.g. practical , american, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful動(dòng)詞后綴動(dòng)詞后綴: : -fy (使使化化) ; -ize (使使成為成為) ; en(使使） e.g. satisfy , beautify; realize , symbolize, deepen, lengthen 副詞后綴: - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily -ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards

7、數(shù)詞后綴:- teen 十 fourteen-ty整十位數(shù) forty -th序數(shù)詞 fifth practice1 mr chen has taught me english since junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) i decided to get her a present. (廣州一模)2. (fortunate), i then noticed that i had just10 minutes to complete the rest. (廣州二模) 3. some people were now waiting for her ser

8、vice and the waitress grew a bit_ (patience). （深一模）4. “thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). （深一模） appreciation fortunately impatient rudely 一一. 用所給單詞的正確形式填空用所給單詞的正確形式填空5. i must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. (惠州一模)6. you have done well and made great achievement in th

9、e (entertain) field. (惠一模)7. these people have made great _ (contribute) to china with their work.（茂名二模）8the storm damaged several_ (new) built buildings,(梅州二模)misunderstandentertainment contributions newly 9numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). it can help children become cr

10、eative(四校聯(lián)考)10. they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _ (excite) football match. （東莞一模）beneficialexcitingsum up:1.給出給出動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞排除掉填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞外，排除掉填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞外，考慮考慮其其否定詞否定詞（dis- /mis），），名詞名詞（-ment/ ation /-er等表身份人物的后綴等表身份人物的后綴），），形容詞形容詞（-able /-ed /-ing ) 2.

11、給出給出名詞名詞形容詞形容詞（ ?？汲？糲et，天氣類常加，天氣類常加-y，或者考或者考-ful/-less等等）3.給出給出形容詞形容詞比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)，副詞比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)，副詞（修飾（修飾adj / verb / sentence），），名詞名詞（情感類常加（情感類常加-ness）4.兩個(gè)兩個(gè)en含有使動(dòng)用法含有使動(dòng)用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen)5.注意，有時(shí)填名詞時(shí)還得注意單復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞，名注意，有時(shí)填名詞時(shí)還得注意單復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞時(shí)都有可能會(huì)考否定形式，一定要根詞，形容詞時(shí)都有可能會(huì)考否定形式，一定要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。 二、語(yǔ)篇填空二、語(yǔ)篇

12、填空 使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空（以考查詞語(yǔ)派生為主）。（以考查詞語(yǔ)派生為主）。 the raconteurs (虎爛樂(lè)隊(duì)虎爛樂(lè)隊(duì))make music that lives up to the bands name. the word “raconteur” describes a person who is 1 _ (skill) at telling stories. the band members describe 2 _ (them) as a new band made up of old friends. all the band members

13、have founded music careers by doing other projects. but they decided to come together as a band to try something 3_ (difference). skillfulthemselvesdifferent the lead 4 _ (sing) of the raconteurs may sound familiar. jack white is also a member of the band 5 _ (call) the white stripes（白色條紋樂(lè)隊(duì)）（白色條紋樂(lè)隊(duì)）

14、. the raconteurs also include the songwriter and guitarist brendan benson. these 6 _ (music) had performed together over the years. but in 2005, they decided to play together 7 _ (official) as the raconteurs.singercalledmusiciansofficially the raconteurs 8 _ (late) album is called “consolers of the lonely.” the band released the album in an 9 _ (usually) way. they 10_ (announce) their new album only a week before it went on sale to avoid the usual publicity created by critics(評(píng)論家評(píng)論家). latestunusualannounced注意注意1.在做語(yǔ)法填空時(shí)，一