漢譯英—詞語(yǔ)增減

1、漢譯英詞匯的增減1. 漢譯英需要增補(bǔ)的有下列9種情況。漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主語(yǔ)視情況補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)例：接到你的來(lái)信，非常高興。I was very glad to have received your letter.增補(bǔ)物主代詞漢語(yǔ)里物主代詞用得少，而且常常不用出現(xiàn)，但英語(yǔ)里凡說(shuō)到一個(gè)人的器官和歸他所有的或與他有關(guān)的事物時(shí)，總要在前面加上物主代詞。例：我們響應(yīng)政府號(hào)召。We respond to the call of our government.工人們帶午飯到工廠吃。The workers take their lunches to the factory.我用手蒙住臉。I cover my face wit

2、h my hands.增補(bǔ)作賓語(yǔ)的代詞按習(xí)慣，漢語(yǔ)常?？墒÷再e語(yǔ)，但英語(yǔ)里，凡及物動(dòng)詞都得有賓語(yǔ)。例：請(qǐng)?jiān)?，打斷你一下。Excuse me for interrupting you.增補(bǔ)連詞漢語(yǔ)有意合特點(diǎn)，即詞、詞組、分句或句子之間的關(guān)系可以通過(guò)上下文及語(yǔ)序來(lái)表示，較少用連詞，但英語(yǔ)注意形合，連詞不能少。推薦精選例：虛心使人進(jìn)步，驕傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.增補(bǔ)介詞英語(yǔ)句子十有八九都少不了介詞。漢語(yǔ)中不需要介詞的地方，所以，漢譯英時(shí)注意補(bǔ)介詞。例：這些書，你們五個(gè)人分

3、。Divide these books among the five of you.增補(bǔ)冠詞漢語(yǔ)里無(wú)冠詞。有冠詞是英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一，名詞前一般都有冠詞，漢譯英時(shí)要增補(bǔ)冠詞。例：我們對(duì)問(wèn)題要作全面的分析，才能解決得妥當(dāng)。We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before we solve it properly.增補(bǔ)暗含的詞語(yǔ)由于習(xí)慣問(wèn)題，漢語(yǔ)中有些詞不需明言，意思都很清楚，但譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不補(bǔ)則意思不明，甚至?xí)鹫`會(huì)，這是應(yīng)視情況補(bǔ)上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。例：要提倡顧全大局。We should advocate the spirit of

4、taking the whole situation into consideration.推薦精選增補(bǔ)概括性的詞語(yǔ)例：黃金白銀，堅(jiān)甲利兵，并非構(gòu)成大國(guó)的要素。Gold and silver, a strong army and powerful weapons-these are not the elements that constitute a great nation.增補(bǔ)注釋性詞語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)中的典故、諺語(yǔ)、政治名詞、術(shù)語(yǔ)和簡(jiǎn)化說(shuō)法，譯時(shí)往往要適當(dāng)加注釋性詞語(yǔ)。例：三個(gè)臭皮匠，合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhug

5、e Liang the mastermind. 漢譯英時(shí)的省譯（1）漢語(yǔ)中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)例：我們要忠于黨、忠于人民、忠于祖國(guó)。We should be loyal to our party, to our people and to our motherland.（2） 省譯漢語(yǔ)中表示范疇的詞語(yǔ) 漢語(yǔ)中表示“任務(wù)”、“工作”、“情況”、“狀態(tài)”、“問(wèn)題”、“制度”、“事業(yè)”、“局面”等意義的詞語(yǔ)常省譯。例：我們黨結(jié)束了那個(gè)時(shí)期的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩和紛擾不安的局面。Our party has put an end to the social unrest and upheaval of that time

6、.(3) 省譯同義詞推薦精選他在情況危機(jī)時(shí)，態(tài)度從容，鎮(zhèn)定自若。He showed himself calm in an emergency situation. (4)省譯沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義的詞語(yǔ)我們要大力發(fā)揚(yáng)求真務(wù)實(shí)，勇于創(chuàng)新的精神。We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality, truth-seeking and courage in innovation.(5)從文化角度省譯因?yàn)樗L(zhǎng)伶俐可愛(ài)，大人們都愛(ài)跟他玩；這個(gè)說(shuō)：“二黑，算一算十歲屬什么？”那個(gè)說(shuō)：“二黑，給我補(bǔ)一課?！盇s he was such a love

7、ly child, all grown-ups enjoyed joking with him. 練習(xí)：1. 她用手蒙住了臉，好像是為了保護(hù)眼睛。(增加代詞)2.虛心使人進(jìn)步，驕傲使人落后。（增加連詞）3.那我們?cè)谏侥_見(jiàn)吧。（增加介詞）4.我們要對(duì)問(wèn)題做全面的分析，才能解決的妥當(dāng)。(增加冠詞)5.別傻里傻氣。（增加動(dòng)詞）6.狠抓管理，安全生產(chǎn)（省譯無(wú)實(shí)踐意義的詞語(yǔ)）推薦精選答案：（參考） 1. She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.2. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.3. Lets meet at the foot of the hill.4. We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly