一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成構(gòu)成用法用法常用時(shí)間常用時(shí)間動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式1、表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)、表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí) 間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。存在的狀態(tài)。2、表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；颉⒈硎具^(guò)去經(jīng)?；?反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。yesterdaylast nightin 1990two days ago用用 法法1、表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。、表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 he was here yesterday. i got up at six thirty yesterday morning. my father was at work

2、yesterday afternoon. did you have a good time last summer?2、表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。、表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 my father often went to work by bus last year. when i was a child, i often listened to music.常用時(shí)間常用時(shí)間常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間有：常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間有：yesterdayyesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year)

3、two days ago, a week ago, three years agoin 1990, (in 1998) 基本概念基本概念：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?？袒蚰骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+was/were + doing +其他內(nèi)容其他內(nèi)容 注注:doing 就是現(xiàn)在分詞，詞形變化與現(xiàn)在就是現(xiàn)在分詞，詞形變化與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相同進(jìn)行時(shí)相同常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last

4、evening, when, while , at that time, just now用法用法1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法基本用法主要表示過(guò)去某一主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作。 如：如： he fell asleep when he was reading. 他看書(shū)時(shí)睡著了。他看書(shū)時(shí)睡著了。 2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在主要是為了使語(yǔ)氣委過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在主要是為了使語(yǔ)氣委婉、客氣。婉、客氣。 如：如： i was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否讓我搭一下車(chē)我不知你能否讓我搭一下車(chē) 【注注】一般過(guò)去

5、時(shí)也有類似用法，但比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)也有類似用法，但比較而言，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)顯得更客氣，更不肯而言，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)顯得更客氣，更不肯定。能否讓我搭一下車(chē)。定。能否讓我搭一下車(chē)。 3. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示感情色彩與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示感情色彩與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相似，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示滿意、稱贊、相似，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩，也通常與驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩，也通常與 always, forever, continually等副詞連用。等副詞連用。 如：如： they were always quarrelling. 他們老是吵架。他們老是吵架。 4. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示的

6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示過(guò)去一時(shí)的過(guò)去一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài)。表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài)。 比較：比較： he was friendly. 他很友好。他很友好。 (指過(guò)去長(zhǎng)期如此指過(guò)去長(zhǎng)期如此) he was being friendly. 他當(dāng)時(shí)顯得很友好。他當(dāng)時(shí)顯得很友好。(指當(dāng)時(shí)一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)指當(dāng)時(shí)一時(shí)的表現(xiàn))一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 1、一般過(guò)時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，、一般過(guò)時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。 比較： she wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚給朋友寫(xiě)了封信。

7、 (信寫(xiě)完了) she was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在給朋友寫(xiě)信。 (信不一定寫(xiě)完) 2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示只做一次動(dòng)作，而過(guò)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示只做一次動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。 如： she waved to me. 她朝我揮了揮手。 she was waving to me. 她一直朝我揮手。 3、句中有、句中有a moment ago之類的之類的短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)一般一般用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 4、句中有、句中有at this time last sunday, from 8 t

8、o 9 yesterday 之類的之類的狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)一般用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。行時(shí)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來(lái)代替一般過(guò)去過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來(lái)代替一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示更為偶然而非預(yù)定的動(dòng)作時(shí)，表示更為偶然而非預(yù)定的動(dòng)作： i was talking to tom the other day 那天我跟湯姆聊天來(lái)著。 典型的例子 1) mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. a. made b. is making c. was making d. makes 答案c. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同 時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)提供事情發(fā)生的背景，

9、因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2) as she _ the newspaper, granny _ asleep. a. read； was falling b. was reading； fell c. was reading； was falling d. read；fell 答案b.句中的as = when, while，意為當(dāng)之時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。句中的 fell (fall的過(guò)去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。 單項(xiàng)選擇題 1. my brother _ while he _ h

10、is bicycle and hurt himself. a. fell, was riding b. fell, were riding c. had fallen, rode d. had fallen, was riding2. tom _ into the house when no one _.a. slipped, was looking b. had slipped, looked c. slipped, had looked d. was slipping, looked 3.the last time i _ jane she _ cotton in the fields.

11、a. had seen, was picking b. saw, picked c. had seen, picked d. saw, was picking 4.i dont think jim saw me; he _ into space. a. just stared b. was just staring c. has just stared d. had just stared 5.i first met lisa three years ago. she _ at a radio shop at the time. a. has worked b. was working c.

12、had been working d. had worked 6.-hey, look where you are going! -oh, im terribly sorry._. a. im not noticing b. i wasnt noticing c. i havent noticed d. i didnt notice 7. the reporter said that the ufo _ east to west when he saw it. a. was traveling b. traveled c. had been traveling d. was to travel

13、 8. i _ my breakfast when the morning post came. a. had b. had been having c. have been having d. was having 填入以下單詞的正確形式 1. it was warm, so i _off my coat (take). 2. john_ (take) a photograph of me while i _(not/look). 3. jane_(wait) for me when i _(arrive). 4.when i was young, i_(want) to be a bus

14、driver. 5. my brother came into the bedroom while i _ (dance). 6. _he _ (lie) on the ground at nine yesterday evening? 7. what _ jim _ (write) when the teacher came in? 8. the reads _ (not have) lunch when i got to their house. 9. mike and i _(play) basketball at that time yesterday afternoon. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)

15、態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻 或或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或或呈現(xiàn)呈現(xiàn) 的狀態(tài)的狀態(tài)。也就是說(shuō)發(fā)生在。也就是說(shuō)發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去的 過(guò)去過(guò)去”。1. past perfect tense 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 6:00 7:00 6:00 7:00 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 by the time i got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes. the differences between present perfect tense an

16、d past perfect tense.(1) she has taught english for 6 years.(2) “where is susan” “she has gone to america”.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這動(dòng)生的動(dòng)作，這動(dòng)作可能剛剛停止作可能剛剛停止,也可能還在進(jìn)行。也可能還在進(jìn)行。(1) she said she had taught english for 6 years.(2) by the time i got to london, she had gone to america.表示過(guò)去某表示過(guò)去某時(shí)之前發(fā)生時(shí)之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作。

17、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + have / has done過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí): 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + had done1. .我到家時(shí)她已經(jīng)睡了。我到家時(shí)她已經(jīng)睡了。 by the time i got home, she had already gone to bed.2. .到昨天晚上時(shí)消息已傳遍全球。到昨天晚上時(shí)消息已傳遍全球。 by yesterday evening the news had spread through the world.3.他走以后我找到了那封信。他走以后我找到了那封信。 i found the letter after he had gone away.

18、we reached the cinema late. the film had already been on for ten minutes.4.我們到電影院晚了我們到電影院晚了,電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始十分電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始十分鐘了。鐘了。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等標(biāo)志詞：1、by, before, when, by the time等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)的從句。eg. 1)by the time she came to the bus stop, the bus had already gone.2) we had finished the task before midnight.3) when i arrived

19、 at the post office, i found that i had left the letter at home.4) after i had finished my homework, i went to bed.2、 由said, told, knew, heard, thought 等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。eg. he told me that he had heard of it. i thought my homework had been fininshed. but i didnt.3、 從過(guò)去開(kāi)始， 一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。常用since，for.eg.

20、 she said that she had learned english for years since he came to our school注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，及since, for 引導(dǎo)的從句和短語(yǔ)連用。eg. 1.when i got to the cinema, the film had begun for ten minutes.2.when i got to the cinema, the film had been on for ten minutes.3.he said the door had been opend for long.4.he said

21、 the door had opened for long.5.he said the door had been open for long.翻譯下列各句：1、當(dāng)我到達(dá)音樂(lè)廳的時(shí)，這名流行歌手已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。2、到昨天早上，他已經(jīng)給我打了好幾個(gè)電話了。3、當(dāng)醫(yī)生被派人請(qǐng)來(lái)時(shí)，這個(gè)病人已經(jīng)等了10分鐘了。4、我昨天看到j(luò)im了。我們已經(jīng)5年沒(méi)有見(jiàn)面了。5、昨天我把我借的那本小說(shuō)還給了圖書(shū)管。can you do it?1. by yesterday morning, he _(call) me ten times.2. the patient _(die) when the doctor arrived.3. i saw lin feng yesterday. we _(not meet) each other for fi