糾音、透析與突破

1、糾音、透析與突破內(nèi)容 Vowels 元音 Consonants 輔音 Rhythm 節(jié)奏 Intonation 語調(diào)元音 1，單獨(dú)組成音節(jié)（不定冠詞a） 2，和前后輔音組成音節(jié)（cat） 前元音 單元音 中元音 元音 后元音 雙元音前元音 /i:/ bean clean pizza read eat feed Greek green sheet speak keep Steve teeth week What does it mean? Look before you leap. Its my treat today.Bonus e - we/ he/ she/ even/ Peter ee

2、- see/ feet/ wheel/ bee/ heel ea - tea/ eat/ sea/ beach/ steam ie - piece/ niece/ thief/ believe ei - ceiling / receive /i/ big lid pig sit stick still Tim tin hill fish chip drill Business is business. Does it fit? Zip your lips! Do you like pickled fish? Bonus ui - quiz/ guitar/ building/ quick e

3、- pretty/ kitchen/ listen u - busy/ business/ i - sit/ bit/ click/ hinder/ jingle/sick y - gym/ rhythm/ symbol ey - money/ honey/ monkey/ donkey/e/ bet check egg get head jet friend pet second tell wet vet You bet. It depends. East and west, home is the best. What is the cutting edge of the company?

4、 Its not the end of the word.Bonus e - yes / send/ best/ rest / nest a - many/ any ue - guess/ guest/ request ea - bread/ dead/ heaven/ weather ai - said ie - friend / Albert bad matter pan van wax hammer jacket blanket camel gap Ill catch you later. Canners can can what they can can, but cant can w

5、hat they cant can. Ill noe let the cat out of the bag.Bonus a - cat/ bat/ map/ exact/ fat af - craft/ after am - exam/ example/ stamp/ jam/ an - dance/ and/ man/ hand as - glass/ class/ pass/ ask/ task ath - bath/ path/ math Central Vowel 中元音 / cup cut bug campus done gum hunt luck month shut rub tu

6、b But me no buts! Well begun is half done. I am done! Bonus a - ago/ about/ again/ abut o - won/ one/ son/ love oo - blood/ flood ou - tough/ double/ couple/ cousin u - but/ club/ study/ sun/ lunch /stressed；/unstressed bird letter never dirty earn number earn purpose search term hurt later The earl

7、y bird catches the worm. Birds of a feather flock together. Her name is Shirley. The patient was burning with fever. Bonus ar - dollar/ collar/ similar er - her/ person/ term/ perhaps/ herb ir - firm/ sir/ thirsty or - actor/ doctor/ humor/ world/ sister ur - hurt/ occur/ fur/ curtain/ purple ear -

8、search/ earn/ learn/ earth ure - future/ culture/ furniture/ pleasure Back vowels 后元音 /a/ (/) bar God job calm Chicago hot olive sock farm palm tar bottle want water Oh, my Gosh! (shoot, sugar) Its a promise. Hard to tell. Bonus a - what/ wash/ want/ water/ father/ garage o - shop/ college/ bottom/

9、problem/ logger/ all long awful Lord more ball call small strong lawn Oh, its my fault. Whats the cause of all this? She likes to walk along the wall every morning.Bonus o - dog/ cross/ boss/ song/ coffee/ long al - all/ wall/ walk/ always/ talk au - cause/ daughter/ August aw - law/ saw/ lawyer/ dr

10、aw/ awesome ough - fought/ bought/ ought/ (/u/) book bull good bushes hook hood look should sugar wool could full foot You are pulling my leg. He took the cushion and shook it. They shook hands and stood talking for a while.Bonus u - put/ cushion/ bull/ butcher oo - wood/ good/ book/ understood ou -

11、 could/ would/ should/u/ (/u:/) blue new boot noon root cool due rule food goose grew moon soup woo Its too good to be true. No news is good news. You should choose between the two.Bonus o - do/ two/ move oo - boot/ tool/ pool/ shoot/ spoon u - rule/ suit/ duty/ tune/ July ue - clue/ blue/ cruel/ du

12、e/ sue ou - group/ youth/ you / ew - new/ threw/ jewel/ stew/ slew Diphthongs 雙元音 /e/ (/ei/) age radio cake race day rain game station lake tape late tomato paper tomato place train plane vacation More haste, less speed. Its pay day today. He often makes a face to the baby. Bonus a - make/ face/ dat

13、e/ age/ ache ai - rain/ train/ plain/ mail/ raisin ay - say/ lay/ gay/ may ey - they/ hey ea - great eigh - neighbor/ eight/ weight/o/ (/u/) boat note bowl pose close sofa coal soldier gold told hold toll loan window moan Man propose, God dispose. You have to do it alone. Joe wants to be a variety s

14、how host.Bonus o - no/ Ok/ those/ hope oa - road/ boat/ coat/float/ goat/ soap oe - toe/ Joe/ poem ou - shoulder ow - show/ grow/ low/ own/ know/ yellow ough - though/ although /ai/ bike mine dime right dive flight hike tight wild kite All right. Great minds think alike. Out of sight, out of mind. T

15、ime and tide wait for no many. Bonus i - climb/ hide/ bite/ nice y - by/ cry/ style/lying ie - tie/ pie/ diet igh - night/ right/ knight/ flight ye - eye/ bye/ dye/au/ cow our flower out towel owl town shout mouth mouse There is no doubt about it. Hes a night owl. Lets get out of here now.Bonus ou -

16、 loud/ south/ about/ plough ow - brown/ allow/ glower (at sb.)/i/ annoy moist boy voice soy oil coin soil boil Thats the point. She is a spoiled girl. Do you know what is boiling point?Bonus oy - toy/ soy/ joy/ destroy/ loyal/ royal oi - soil/ avoid/ boil/ choice/poison Consonants 輔音 輔音與聲母的區(qū)別 b 波/ p

17、坡/cat 爆破音：/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/ 摩擦音：/f/,/v/,/,/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/r/,/h/,/hw/ 破擦音：/t/,/d/ 鼻音：/m/,/n/,/ 舌側(cè)音：/l/ 半元音：/w/,/j/爆破音 Plosive (stop consonants) /p/,/b/ (雙唇爆破音) Picture, pay, happy, zip, put, peter, hope, pear map, pass, cap, group Bend, book, double, absent, bear, beer, job, bill, robe, blueber

18、ry Practice makes perfect. Pat has a Polish pen pal called Peter. Peel the pineapples and I will prepare the pineapple pie. /t/, /d/ 齒齦爆破音 table tomorrow teach better bat water rent I live in a downtown area of the city. Its just a waste of time. Whats the date today? I get into bed about ten thirty

19、 every day. /k/,/g/軟腭爆破音 cool claim clerk hockey queen occur gun glide bargain grain begin exam green A good beginning makes a good ending. I caught a cold while playing the hockey. The kids often go hiking during the weekends.Fricatives 摩擦音 唇齒摩擦音/f/,/v/ Father deaf farm half photo tough affair pref

20、er soft far Very eleven novel view avoid glove love Dont always follow the fashion. You have to fill out the forms first. Only a few friends were ever invited to the famous violinists villa. The villa has a fantastic view. Furthermore, the violinists family keeps an elephant and feeds it very day. 舌

21、齒摩擦音/,/ Think teeth thought mouth thank booth Those neither leather mother than weather Thanks a lot. Wish you both health and wealth. The rumor passed from mouth to mouth. They will stick together through thick and thin. 齒齦摩擦音/s/,/z/ six dance sit simple past size listen excite scent zoo realize th

22、ings dozen lose easy refuse zero easy prize please clause A still tongue makes a wise head. Speak less and listen more. I am sorry that Susan is sick since last Sunday. 齒齦后部摩擦音/,/ sheep trash ship shrink sugar shriek machine dictionary champagne national moustache Chicago vision measure pleasure mas

23、sage decision Measure for measure. She sells sea shells on the seashore. Oh, dont mention it. 齒齦后部摩擦音/r/ run rhythm hair crowd rain crime her fry right Facts speaks louder than words. Its a rare opportunity. Do in Rome as Romans do. Her name is Jennifer and his name is Robert. She is lawyer and he i

24、s a doctor. They were married last Thursday in that little church on the hill. 聲門摩擦音/h/,/hw/ /hw/東部口音，少見 hot home him who hand hook hello how Helen Health is wealth. It might help. Lateral 舌側(cè)音/l/ 清晰clear ：let, light, lamp 模糊dark：bill, milk, still Light call lip milk lodging little battle peel middle

25、 peel alive Love me, love my dog. Like father, like son. Its no use crying over spilled milk. Its never too late to learn.Nasals 鼻腔音 雙唇鼻腔音/m/ mom seem some warm Sam ham mouth month Much will have more. Tom and his mom both like muffins very much. 舌齦鼻腔音/n/ night name nine nothing need sin win thin su

26、n warn I need another nice name. Nancy is peeling the onion. The suns going down now. 軟腭鼻腔音/ sing ring ink long length bank thing hang song She is singing this song all the evening. Remember to bring the ring to the wedding.Affricates 破擦音 硬腭破擦音/t/,/d/ lunch search branch pitch church choose judge ja

27、il jam bridge joy region Excuse me. I didnt catch you. George Churchill is a driver. He drives the large jeep. (note: /t/ plus semi-vowel /j/ pronounced as /t/as in the phrase meet you /mitu/) (note: /d/ plus semi-vowel /j/ pronounced as /d/ as in the phrase need you /nid/)補(bǔ)充 英式英語中：清濁對應(yīng)的破擦音/dr/,/tr/

28、 美式英語中：兩個輔音結(jié)合的輔音連綴 tree truth trace train truck trade dream drill drive dry drain bedroom Trick or treat? When will my dream come true?Semi-Vowels 半元音 半元音/w/,/j/ we wife weird word walk quite question you year youth yogurt yell Yale yawn No way. Hey, whats up? Not yet. Help yourself.The t sound in A

29、merican English 1, 當(dāng)t出現(xiàn)在兩個元音之間且處于非重讀位置時，t音需要濁化，發(fā)成一個類似d的音。 Letter water better duty bitter city I got it. would you pick it up? t如果處于重讀位置的話，即使兩個元音之間也不需要濁化： 清晰的t 濁化的t Italian Italy attack attic atomic atom Photographer photograph2,當(dāng)t前面是一個元音，后面是一個模糊的/l/,且處于非重讀位置，此時t也需要濁化，發(fā)近似d的音：bottle cattle rattle bat

30、tle little settle3, 如果t前面是一個清輔音或者前鼻音/n/。且后面是一個元音，又處于非重讀位置的話，t要濁化，發(fā)近似于d的音: twenty center fifty after hasty faster sister sixty chapter actor gentle 4, 如果t處于單詞詞尾位置，且前面又有元音或者r音節(jié)，此時t通常不發(fā)音：art get heart gut what visit it credit 5, 在清輔音或濁輔音/n/,/l/之后，處于非重讀的位置，t發(fā)清晰的送氣爆破音：grant slept lift belt correct 6, 在詞組

31、中如果t音后是一個輔音，則此時t音經(jīng)常不送氣，甚至失音：not- Its not me.Right- Shes not in right now.Just - He called you just now.Some special endings 特殊詞尾發(fā)音過去式（過去分詞）詞尾-ed/-d的發(fā)音1，在清輔音/t/和濁輔音/d/之后，過去式詞尾發(fā)音為/id/。 hate-hated hand-handed cheat-cheated seat-seated defend-defended guard-guarded2, 在除/t/以外的清輔音之后，過去式詞尾發(fā)音為/t/。 kiss-kiss

32、ed link-linked miss-missed bake-baked pass-passed laugh-laughed 3, 在元音和除/d/以外的濁輔音之后，過去式詞尾發(fā)音為/d/。 stay-stayed climb-climbed bomb-bombed fry-fried change-changed settle-settled 名詞復(fù)數(shù)和動詞第三人稱單數(shù)-es/-s的發(fā)音1，在輔音/s/,/z/,/,/,/t/,/d/之后發(fā)音為/iz/。 glass-glasses house-houses rose-roses brush-brushes2，在清輔音/p/t/k/f/之后

33、發(fā)音為/s/。 ship-ships pick-picks cat-cats book-books breath-breaths3，在所有元音和除規(guī)則一提及的以外的濁輔音之后發(fā)/z/。 stay-stays beg-begs egg-eggs fan-fans bed-beds bottle-bottles 字母x的發(fā)音 規(guī)則一：位于單詞詞首且重讀的時候，發(fā)音為/z/：Xerox 靜電復(fù)印；xenophobia 仇視外國人的 規(guī)則二：位于元音之前且重讀的時候，發(fā)音為/gz/ : exact examine exam exist exhaust 規(guī)則三：除以上兩種情況外，發(fā)音為/ks/：text

34、 expense explain box sixWord stress單詞重讀1, 單音節(jié)詞（Monosyllabic Words）都重讀，不需標(biāo)重音符號: man good one bad you bird2, 雙音節(jié)詞（disyllabic words）一般重音落在首音節(jié)上：river bookcase paper少數(shù)外來詞重音落在第二個音節(jié)上：hotel garage polite machine 還有含有某些詞綴的詞（尤其是動詞），重音也會落在第二個音節(jié)上。a- , ab-, ap-, suc-, to-,.Abnormal appear succeed today 3, 多音節(jié)詞（p

35、olysyllabic words）重讀落在倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)上。International impossibility university anniversary (不規(guī)則的不贅述)連讀 the linking of sounds 1, 相同輔音的連讀 Yes, sir. Want to; your role; a good deal 2, 輔音與元音的連讀 There are two cats on the table. Life goes on as it never ends. MIT is a famous university. 3, 元音與元音的連讀（滑動，一氣呵成） See me

36、 off The other Do it Go on May I help you? dont give up. Try again.Intonation Statements 陳述句 1, 降調(diào)（falling tone ） Ann is writing a letter. The child is sleeping on the floor. I am going to the drugstore with my sister. Please tell me Johns telephone number. 聲調(diào)(rising tone) 1, 寬慰、鼓勵、友好 Ok, I promise

37、I wont drive too /fast. Will, be here/ soon. 2, 表示疑問或反駁 They didnt want to come. They didnt want to /come? Mathew was born in China. Mathew was born in / China.Questions 疑問句 1，降調(diào)(詢問信息，強(qiáng)調(diào)，信息主體) Why did you change your mind? What on earth has happened to him? How many departments are there in your col

38、lege? 升調(diào) Where did you spend your summer vacation? I spend my summer in Florida. /where?一般疑問句（yes-no question） Are you /ready yet? Yes, Im ready. Do you speak/ English? Yes, but just a little. Are the boys a/sleep? Yes, they are sound asleep now.反義疑問句（tag-questions） When is Vera coming? Shes coming

39、tomorrow, isnt / she? (不確定、不強(qiáng)加) 降調(diào) You dont like this color, do you? (see, I know you so well.) No, I dont. (you are right.)節(jié)奏，斷句 But I would ask you to remember that it is not a world full of possibilities for all. Each of you has been the beneficiary of a rare privilege. You have received an excep

40、tional education at an exceptional place when there are many, in both your country and mine, and in many, many other parts of our world, who are just as innately talented and just as ambitious as you are but will never have such an opportunity. I say this not to make you feel guilty. You should be p

41、roud of what you have achieved. But I do ask that you use your education to pursue only the worthiest of goals; goals that can contribute to the betterment of the lives of others; and goals that give you personal satisfaction because of their contribution to the society we live in. Take Me Home, Cou

42、ntry Road Almost heaven West Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains Shenandoah River Life is old there Older than the trees Younger than the mountains Growing like a breeze Country roads take me home To the place I belong West Virginia Mountain Mama Take me home country roads All my memories Gather round her Miners Lady Stranger to blue water Dark and dusty Painted on the sky Misty taste of moonshine Teardrops in my eyes Country roads take me home To