美國(guó)山地救援協(xié)會(huì)介紹

1、Saving lives though rescue and mountain safety education通過(guò)救援和教育挽救生命通過(guò)救援和教育挽救生命 我們是誰(shuí)？The Mountain Rescue Association is a all volunteer organization that is committed to improving the quality, availability, and safety of mountain search and rescue. 山地救援協(xié)會(huì)是一個(gè)全部由志愿者構(gòu)成的組織，我們致力于改善山地搜索和救援的質(zhì)量，并提高其有效性和安全性。q

2、 MRA founded in 1957 by 14 local mountain rescue team at Mt.Hood ,Oregen the northwestern United States. q Formed to share mountain rescue techniques to improve on rescue safety.q MRA now has teams in 9 different regions, over 15 different states, including the US National Parks Service, and the Nat

3、ional Ski Patrol. 1957年，位于美國(guó)西北部的14支山地救援隊(duì)在俄勒岡州的胡德山發(fā)起成立了山地救援協(xié)會(huì)（MRA）成立的目的是為了分享山地救援技術(shù)以提高其救援的安全性山地救援協(xié)會(huì)的救援隊(duì)分布在美國(guó)9個(gè)地區(qū)的15個(gè)州，其中包括美國(guó)國(guó)家公園管理局和國(guó)家滑雪巡邏隊(duì)qMRA, the only national accrediting organization in North America.qMember teams trained in Rock, Search, and Snow and Ice rescue techniques.qEvery team must pass a

4、n accreditation/reaccreditation every 5 years to stay current, and remain a full member of the MRA.qThe MRA and its teams support “No Charge for Rescue”我們是如何工作的？山地救援協(xié)會(huì)是北美地區(qū)唯一的國(guó)家認(rèn)可的組織。下屬的救援團(tuán)隊(duì)要經(jīng)過(guò)在巖壁上、雪地上、冰面上的搜索和救援技術(shù)培訓(xùn)每一只救援團(tuán)隊(duì)每五年要重新考試以獲得認(rèn)證山地救援協(xié)會(huì)堅(jiān)持“免費(fèi)救援”的原則qMRA is the national body that sets the bylaws,

5、policies and guidelines for member teams.qEach region, and each team, has its own Board of Directors.qEach member team and region also has its own bylaws and guidelines based on those set by the MRAqMember teams are required to pay dues to the MRA based on team size山地救援協(xié)會(huì)作為全國(guó)性的機(jī)構(gòu)為各救援團(tuán)隊(duì)制定規(guī)則、政策和指導(dǎo)方針。每

6、個(gè)地區(qū)、每個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)都有自己的執(zhí)行委員會(huì)。每個(gè)地區(qū)、每個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)在山地救援協(xié)會(huì)規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)上制定自己的規(guī)則和指導(dǎo)方針。每個(gè)會(huì)員團(tuán)隊(duì)根據(jù)自身團(tuán)隊(duì)的規(guī)模向山地救援協(xié)會(huì)繳納會(huì)費(fèi)qEach region sets forth its own bylaws and guidelines based on the MRA standardqThese includes how each of its teams will accredit/ reaccredit .qEach region reports to the MRA on the status of all its member each year 地區(qū)

7、層面每個(gè)地區(qū)基于山地救援協(xié)會(huì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)闡述自己的規(guī)則和指導(dǎo)方針這包括如何認(rèn)證本地區(qū)的救援團(tuán)隊(duì)每個(gè)地區(qū)每年向山地救援協(xié)會(huì)報(bào)告其所轄救援團(tuán)隊(duì)的狀況qEach member team is ALL volunteersqVolunteers purchase their own personal equipment qTeams purchase common gearqTeams responsible for training of each membersqTeams must raise their own money. 救援團(tuán)隊(duì)層面每一支會(huì)員救援隊(duì)都是由志愿者組成的志愿者自己購(gòu)買個(gè)人裝備救援團(tuán)

8、隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)購(gòu)置共用設(shè)備救援團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)培訓(xùn)會(huì)員山地救援協(xié)會(huì)不向任何救援團(tuán)隊(duì)提供資金救援團(tuán)隊(duì)需自己籌集經(jīng)費(fèi)qEach team has a different way of raising money. qMany of the teams get some funding from government, while others rely on private donations. qMost teams hold fundraiser, either through private hosting or through public eventsqSome teams charge their t

9、eam members dues每個(gè)救援團(tuán)隊(duì)都有獲取經(jīng)費(fèi)的方法很多救援團(tuán)隊(duì)從政府獲得經(jīng)費(fèi)支持，也有一些團(tuán)隊(duì)依靠私人捐款大多數(shù)救援團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)募捐活動(dòng)獲得經(jīng)費(fèi)有些救援團(tuán)隊(duì)則向其會(huì)員收取會(huì)費(fèi)qResponsibility of each team to make sure its members are trained properly.qTeams will hold weekly, or biweekly trainings.qMost teams require a minimum amount of trainings a member has to attend to remain curr

10、ent. qUsually teammates with higher skills will run the trainings.救援團(tuán)隊(duì)是如何訓(xùn)練的？確保其會(huì)員得到正確的培訓(xùn)是每個(gè)救援團(tuán)隊(duì)的責(zé)任救援團(tuán)隊(duì)每周或每月兩次進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)會(huì)員需保持一定的培訓(xùn)以維持自己參與救援的資格。 通常情況下，水平較高的隊(duì)友組織培訓(xùn)qTeam members are trained in three areas of rescue:Rock(High/low angle)SearchAvalanche/snow/ice會(huì)員的培訓(xùn)主要包括以下三個(gè)方面內(nèi)容：巖壁上（高角度、低角度）救援技術(shù)搜索技術(shù)雪崩/雪地/冰面上救援技

11、術(shù)10HIGH ANGLE 高角度LOW ANGLE 低角度qMost teams carry the same basics; Rope, carabineers, ascending/ descending devices, a litter, a wheel, and medical gear.qMost teams will carry additional gear depending on their call out areas, such as snowmobiles and ATVs.救援團(tuán)隊(duì)使用的設(shè)備：繩子鐵索上升/下降器擔(dān)架(帶輪子)輪椅醫(yī)療設(shè)備雪地摩托四輪摩托車個(gè)人裝備

12、：由個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)救援團(tuán)隊(duì)一般與戶外設(shè)備公司有協(xié)議，會(huì)員可優(yōu)惠購(gòu)置設(shè)備一套個(gè)人救援裝備的價(jià)值在2000美元左右q Personal gear is the responsibility of each member.q Team all have “Pro Deals” with outdoor gear companies so that individuals can afford the right gear. q Most rescue packs have about $2000 worth of gear in themqMountain Rescue teams follow the Incident Command System ( ICS) for the organization of all rescuesqUsed as a universal method to organize missions large and small山地救援程序救援團(tuán)隊(duì)按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的“事故指揮體系”來(lái)實(shí)施所有的救援活動(dòng)“事故指揮體系”作為一種通用的方法適用于各類搜救任務(wù)，不管是大型的還是小型的。它確實(shí)管用！qTraining is done on a seasonal basis all