2014年高考英語第一輪復習情態(tài)動詞Word版

1、2014年高考英語第一輪復習：情態(tài)動詞【考綱解讀】情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣有千絲萬縷的聯系，它們往往放在一起考查。在近年高考題中，對情態(tài)動詞的考查幾乎每年都有縱觀近幾年的高考題可以看出，高考對情態(tài)動詞的考查熱點依次是：（1）推測和可能性；（2）“情態(tài)動詞+have done”結構表示猜測或表示虛擬語氣；（3）shall, should, can, must表示特定語氣。 尤其是對“情態(tài)動詞+have done”結構的考查頻率較高。試題的情景設置往往生動、真實，但考查的角度趨于細微化和綜合化，有效信息較為隱蔽，這就決定了情態(tài)動詞題是難題之一。情態(tài)動詞題每年都考，所以本專題在高考中的重要地位是顯而易見的

2、。因而在復習中應引起高度重視，且依筆者之見，來年高考中對情態(tài)動詞考查的可能性依然非常大。【知識要點】一、情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1.情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2.情態(tài)動詞 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。3.情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱、數的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數不加-s。4.情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞等形式。二、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1.比較can 和be able to1)cancould 表示能力；可能 (過去時用could)，只用于現在時和過去時(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。They wil

3、l be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。2)只用be able to中情況：位于助動詞后；情態(tài)動詞后；表示過去某時刻動作時；用于句首表示條件；表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.1 / 26戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前，他就逃離歐洲了。注意：could不表示時態(tài)，表示提出委婉的請求（注意在回答中不可用cou

4、ld）。在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。Could I have the television on?Yes，you can./No，you cant.He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。2.比較may和might1)表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你！He might be at home.他有可能在家。注意：might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。2) may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為“不妨，還是好”。You may(just)

5、as well tell me the truth.你還是對我說實話好。3.比較have to和must1)兩詞都是“必須”的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，即主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事） 2)have to有人稱、數、時態(tài)的變化，而mus

6、t只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務。He had to look after his sister yesterday. 昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。3)在否定結構中：dont have to 表示“不必”；mustnt表示“禁止”You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。4.must表示推測1)must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為“一定”。2)must表對現在的狀態(tài)或現在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時， must 后面通常接系動詞b

7、e 的原形或行為動詞的進行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對現在情況的推測判斷）He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較：He must be staying there.他現在肯定在那里。He must stay there.他必須待在那里。 3)must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 要接完成式。I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。4)must

8、表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進行式。Why didnt you answer my phone call?Well，I must have been sleeping，so I didnt hear it.5)否定推測用cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock，he cant be home yet.如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。5.表示推測的用法can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：1)情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形表示對現在或將來的情況的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞

9、。I dont know where she is，she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪兒，她可能在武漢。2)情態(tài)動詞+動詞現在進行時表示對現在或將來正在進行的情況進行推測。At this moment，our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。3)情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時表示對過去情況的推測。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年12月底前我們很可能已完成這項工作了。The road is wet.It mus

10、t have rained last night.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4)情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現在完成進行時表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5)推測的否定形式，疑問形式用cant，couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car，for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐公共汽車來上班的。注意：could，might表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如can，may。6.情態(tài)動

11、詞+have+過去分詞1)may(might)have+done sth.can (could)have+done sth.表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philip may (might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.飛利浦在那場車禍中有可能傷的很嚴重。2)must have+done sth.對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，語氣較強，具有“肯定”“諒必”的意思。Linda has gone to work，but her bicycle is still here.She must have gone by bus.3

12、)ought to have done sth.should have done sth.本應該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句表示“不該做某事而做了”。He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事實上已扔了。）ought to 在語氣上比should 要強。4)neednt have done sth.本沒必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip，but I neednt have done so.The weather was hot. 那次旅行，我穿的非常暖和，但我本沒有必要那么去做。天太熱了

13、。5)would like to have done sth.本打算做某事I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then.我本想讀那本書，但我那時太忙了。7.should 和ought toshould 和ought to 都為“應該”的意思，可用于各種人稱。Ought he to go?Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求，命令時，語氣由 should（應該），had better最好），must（必須）漸強。8.had better表示“最好”had better 相當于一個助動詞，它只有一種

14、形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。had better do sth.最好干某事had better not do sth.最好不干某事had better have done sth.表示與事實相反的結果，意為“本來最好”。9.would rather表示“寧愿”would rather do 寧可干某事would rather not do 寧可不干某事would rather.than. 寧愿而不愿還有would sooner，had rather，had sooner都表示“寧愿”“寧可”的意思。I would rather stay here than go home.=I would st

15、ay here rather than go home.我寧可待在這兒也不回家。10.will和would1)would like；would like to do=want to 想要，為固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?你想和我一塊兒去嗎？2)Will you.?Would you like.?表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some，而不是any。 Would you like some cake?要蛋糕嗎？3)否定結構中用will，一般不用would，wont you是一種委婉語氣。Wont you sit down?你不坐嗎？11.情態(tài)動詞的

16、回答方式問句肯定回答 否定回答Need you.? Yes，I must.No,I needntMust you.?/ dont have to.12.帶to 的情態(tài)動詞帶to 的情態(tài)動詞有四個：ought to，have to，used to，be to，如加上have got to(=must)，be able to，為六個。它們的疑問，否定形式應予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ou

17、ght not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.ought to 本身作為情態(tài)動詞使用。其他的詞作為實義動詞使用，變疑問、否定時，須有do 等助動詞協助。13.比較need和dare這兩詞既可作實義動詞用，又可作情態(tài)動詞用。作為情態(tài)動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。 need 作實義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實義動詞用時，后面的to 時?？梢员皇÷?。1)實義動詞：need（需要，要求）need+n./to do sth.2)情態(tài)動詞：need，只用原形ne

18、ed后加do，否定形式為need not。Need you go yet?Yes，I must./No，I neednt.3)need 的被動含義：need，want，require，worth（形容詞）后面接doing，也可以表示被動：need doing=need to be done【考點詮釋】情態(tài)動詞考點透析考點一、情態(tài)動詞基本含義的考查 情態(tài)動詞的基本含義，一直是高考考查的重要內容。例如： 1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. A. had to B. would C. was

19、able to D. could 2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They_be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 【解析】can：能夠；should:應該，表示責任、義務。Might：可能；need：需要。它們應該在12點前準備好。所以，答案是B。 二、情態(tài)動詞表示推測的考查 對情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法，是高考考查情態(tài)動詞的一個重要方面。例如： 1. Sorry, Im late. I_have turned off the a

20、larm clock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. will 【解析】might have done : (過去)可能做過某事；shouldhave done :本應該做某事。根據本句提供的情境Im late 表明說話人可能把鬧鐘關上了。答案是：A。 2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he_your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attende

21、d C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 【解析】couldnt have done: (過去)不可能做某事； neednt have done:本來不必做某事；mustnt have done:一定未做過某事： shouldnt have done:本不該做某事。根據提供的情境My sister met him at the Great Theatre表明他不可能參加講座。答案是：A。 3.Mr Bush is on time for everything. How_it be that he was late for the o

22、pening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 【解析】can表示可能性。布什先生按時做一切事，他怎么可能開幕式遲到呢？答案是：A。 4.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? It_true because there was little snow there.A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be 【解析】may not be : 可能不是；wont be：不會是；couldnt be：不可能是； must

23、nt be ：一定不是。根據提供情境there was little snow 說明山里滑雪是件不可能的事，may not 語氣不如couldnt強。答案是：C。 分析：高考對表示推測的情態(tài)動詞集中在must, can, could, may, might上，準確掌握它們使用的場合，是解決問題的關鍵。Must 用于肯定陳述句，表示肯定推測；can, could用于疑問或否定陳述句，表示可能性推測；may, might用于陳述句，表示可能性推測；用于否定陳述句中，cant （不可能）的語氣比may not（可能不）強。此外，還要注意有對過去和對現在兩種情況的推測,對過去推測用情態(tài)動詞+have

24、done ，對現在推測用情態(tài)動詞+ 動詞原形。 三、情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬的考查 情態(tài)動詞have+過去分詞表示與過去事實上相反的情況，也是高考單項選擇題涉及到情態(tài)動詞的一個重要方面。 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 【解析】ought to have done 表示本來應該做某事而實際沒做，should do 表示現在應該做某事，與題中 at yesterdays party

25、 表示的時間不一致。所以選D。 2.I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word.(NMET2001,33)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 3.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I_so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D.

26、 mustnt eat 【解析】該句所表達的意思是剛才我不因該吃那么多炸雞，而實際上是吃了那么多，可以判斷用shouldnt have eaten. 答案是 C。 分析：高考對情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬用法，表示與過去事實相反的情況。近幾年高考，主要側重should （not）have done 這一句式上，表示本來不該做卻做了或本來該做卻未做的事，在復習時，還應關注其它幾種虛擬形式，如need (not)have done 表示本來需要做而未做或本來不需要而做的事等等，以做到有備無患。 考點四、情態(tài)動詞與助動詞混合考查1.Tom ,you didnt come to the party last ni

27、ght? I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do . A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt 【解析】had to:不得不；didnt:沒來；was going to：打算來；wouldnt:不愿來。句意：湯姆，昨晚你沒來參加舞會嗎？我本打算來，但我突然記起有作業(yè)要做。But是關鍵詞，所以答案是：C。 2.Your phone number again? I_quite catch it . Its 86184867. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D.

28、cant 典題鏈接【示例1】Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys.He always wears green.A.has to beB.will beC.mustnt beD.could be解析:could 在此處表示猜測，意思是“可能”。答案：D【示例2】Mum，Ive been studying English since 8 oclock._ I go out and play with Tom for a while? No，Im afraid not.Besides，its raining out

29、side now.A.CantB.WouldntC.May notD.Wont解析:前一說話者意在強烈要求媽媽允許他出去玩一會。意為：Its been so long a time，and its quite necessary for me to go and play.答案：A【示例3】Excuse me，but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shantB.might notC.needntD.shouldnt解析:后者意為如

30、果你不愛惜電腦的話，就不允許你用。shall用于二、三人稱表示允諾。如： You shall have a copy if the book is published. 書一出來你就會得到一本。You shall get the answer right this afternoon. 今天下午你就可以得到答復。The enemy shall be wiped out.敵人一定會被消滅。答案：A【示例4】I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A.shouldB.mayC.

31、willD.can解析:空房子常亮著燈，不正常，所以應該報告警方。準確掌握各情態(tài)動詞的基本意義且緊密結合上下文才能正確地使用，因而二者不可或缺。答案：A【示例5】Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.A.mustB.mayC.canD.need解析:那個國家里12歲以下的孩子到公共圖書館去須由大人監(jiān)護。這是法律條文或圖書館的管理規(guī)定，人人必須遵守。答案：A【示例6】Catherine, I have cleaned the room

32、 for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself.A.neednt doB.neednt have done C.mustnt doD.shouldnt have done解析:neednt have done表示“過去本來沒有必要做而做了”，而shouldnt have done表示“過去本來不應該做而做了”。答案：B思維升級“情態(tài)動詞have過去分詞 ”結構是情態(tài)動詞專項考查的難點和重點，記住以下最?？疾榈慕Y構：（1）must have done “過去一定做了某事”（2）cant/couldnt have done “過去不可能做了

33、某事”（3）may/might have done “過去可能做了某事”（4）neednt have done “過去本來沒有必要做而做了某事”（5）could have done “過去本來能夠做某事而沒有做”（6）should/ought to have done “過去本來應該做某事而沒有做”（7）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “過去本來不應該做某事而做了”【示例7】I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. A.must dropB.must have droppedC.must be droppingD

34、.must have been dropped解析:must have done表示“過去一定做了某事”。句意為：我丟了一只手套，我肯定是掉在什么地方了。答案：B1.Some young people these days just_ go out of the Internet bars into the real worldAmustnt Bshouldnt Cwont Dneednt【答案】C 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意：進來一些年輕人不愿意走出網吧到現實來。wont“不愿意”符合句意。2.What's your opinion of MrLi's request

35、that we _ spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning?Amust Bwould Cshould Dcould【答案】C【解析】考查request的用法。request 后面的名詞性從句要用虛擬語氣，即主語+（should）+動詞原形。3.I didnt see her in the conference room this morning. She _ have done the presentation at the meeting. A. couldntB. shouldntC. needntD. may not【

36、答案】A【解析】考查“情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法。從第一個句子告訴我們：沒有看到哦她出席會議，所以用“情態(tài)動詞+have done”表示對過去事情有把握的否定的猜測，意思是：不可能做。4.You'd better put on a heavy coatSometimes it be very cold here at nightAshould Bcan CwillDmust【答案】B 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。語境為：你最好穿上大衣。在這里晚上有時很冷。這里表示客觀可能性，意思是：可以，可能。5. God! My cell phone is missing. You _ h

37、ave left it at home. I heard you telephone our daughter in the bathroom.A. shall B. must C. would D. could【答案】B【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。根據答語第二句的內容可知第二個說話人認為對方“一定”是把手機忘在家里了。6.I ran all the way to school yesterday, otherwise I _ late for the annual talent show.A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been【答案】D【

38、解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：昨天我一路跑到學校，不然年度才藝表演我就會遲到。本句的后半句是虛擬語氣，是對過去情況的假設，所以用would have done結構7.You _ bring your identification when you open a bank account.A. may B. can C. must D. will【答案】C【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意：當你開銀行賬戶的時候，你必須帶你的身份證。8.Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading?No. You , beca

39、use you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.Adont have toBshouldntCcant Dmustnt【答案】A【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。從答語的后半句可以看出，他認為沒有必要把每一個生詞的意思都查出來，因為可以通過上下文的語境來猜測他們的意思是，表示沒有必要，用dont have to。9. Churchill warned Hitler, " If you dare to invade Britain, you _pay for it with great cost"Awill. Bsh

40、all Cmay Dshould【答案】B 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意：丘吉爾警告希特勒，“如果你膽敢侵略英國，你要為此付出巨大的代價的?！眘hall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。故選B項。10You _ either go with her or stay at home. It all depends on yourself！A. willB. mustC. shouldD. may【答案】D 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。may 可以。句意為：你可以和她一塊去，也可以呆在家里，這完全取決于你自己。15. Why are you in such a hurr

41、y? Don't you remember that we _ be home by 8pmto see our favorite TV show?Acan Bwould Cmust Dmay【答案】C 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。 must 在這里表示“必需”。句意為：-為什么這么匆忙啊？-不記得嗎？我們必須得8點前到家，看我們喜愛的電視節(jié)目嗎？16.Whats your feeling now?I am terribly sorry. If only I here yesterday!AcameBwould have comeChave comeDhad come【答案】D【解析】考查i

42、f only的用法。 if only 意思是：要是就好了，由時間狀語yesterday來看，這是對過去所發(fā)生事情的虛擬，所以用過去完成時。17.If you smoke, you could at least go to the smoking area.AcanBmustCwillDshall【答案】B【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法。must在這里表示“偏偏，非要”。句意為：要是你非吸不可的話，至少得到吸煙區(qū)里吸。18.Jenny has dyed her hair red again.It be true! I can hardly believe it.Am

43、ustntBmay not CcantDshouldnt【答案】C 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由答語的第二句“I can hardly believe it.”可以看出，我不相信對方所說的，所以選cant，意思是：不可能。答語句意為：-不可能是真的！ 我不相信你說的話。19.The conflicts between North and South Korea call for talks to solve the problem. Quite right. I would rather the UN _ something immediately. A. would do B. does

44、C. did D. will do?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。很顯然，would rather后的句子是對將來事情的虛擬，所以用一般過去時。20.Im surprised that your story _ the first prize. A. should win B. can win C. should have won D. can have won【答案】C 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法。should have done表示“不該做的事情竟然做了”。句意為：你的小說竟然獲得了一等獎太讓我吃驚了。21.Come to supper with us, Pet

45、er.一Great ！ I _ bring a bottle of wine.A. will B. can C. may D. must【答案】A【解析】 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。這里說的是將來的動作，表示意愿。答語意思是：我愿意帶瓶白酒。故選A。22-Can I pay the bill by check?-Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment be made in cash.AshallBneedCwillDcan【答案】A【解析】本題考查情態(tài)動詞。shall用在條約、規(guī)章、法令等文件中表示義務

46、或規(guī)定，一般用于第三人稱)，意為“應該，必須”。句意：我可以用支票付賬嗎？對不起，先生。只是這是我們旅館的管理規(guī)定：付賬必須使用現金23.If passers-by _ a blind eye to the injured little Yueyue in Foshan, Guangdong, she_ alive now Adidn't turn; would be Bhadn't turned; would beCdidn't turn; would have been Dhadn't turned; would have been【答案】D考查虛擬語氣。由

47、常識可知，小悅悅事件已過去的事情，所以這是對過去發(fā)生事情的虛擬，所以從句用過去完成時，即had done,主句用would have done?！窘馕觥?4.It have been her to leave her child aloneShe isnt such a person。Acouldnt B mustnt C. mightnt D. wouldnt 【答案】A 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由語境可知，leave應該是過去的一個動作，很顯然這是對過去發(fā)生事情的否定猜測，所以應該用couldnt have done，意思：不可能。語境為：他不可能把孩子單獨留在家里。他不是那種人。25.The government urged that every effort _ to bring down house prices. A. should make B. would be made C. be made D. must be made 【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語氣。此處