英語學(xué)習(xí)_六級(jí)聽力應(yīng)試技巧對(duì)話部分_必備

1、棄我去者，昨日之日不可留亂我心者，今日之日多煩憂對(duì)話部分由由一男一女之間進(jìn)行的10個(gè)對(duì)話組成，對(duì)話之后有一個(gè)問題。問題皆由先講話的人提出，多為特殊疑問句。從歷年考題的情況看，該部分主要有以下類型的題型：時(shí)間與數(shù)字，地點(diǎn)與方向，職業(yè)與身份，觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度與反應(yīng)，原因與結(jié)果，計(jì)劃與行動(dòng)和事件與情景綜合類型題等。 時(shí)間與數(shù)字題型： 時(shí)間、數(shù)字和計(jì)算是聽力測(cè)試中最常見的題型，幾乎每年都有，而且題型也比較多。歷年試題中雖然涉及的數(shù)字或數(shù)目并不多，但考生的答對(duì)率卻不高。究其原因，一是對(duì)數(shù)的表達(dá)方法不夠熟悉，二是對(duì)技巧的運(yùn)用不夠熟練。 I 卷面線索,時(shí)間題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般都是表達(dá)時(shí)刻的數(shù)字，或是星期、年、月等詞，

2、偶爾會(huì)有介詞后跟數(shù)字。數(shù)字題的選項(xiàng)則有可能為純粹的數(shù)字或帶有貨幣符號(hào)的數(shù)字。 解題要點(diǎn)： 一般來說，正確答案不會(huì)是直接聽到的數(shù)字，而往往是在意思上與該數(shù)字相同或相近，或換了一種表達(dá)方式，或要求對(duì)聽到的數(shù)字進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的四則運(yùn)算。做這類題時(shí)，聽清這些數(shù)字和它們之間的關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵。 這類題型的數(shù)字之間的關(guān)系往往用more/less, late/early, fast/slow, before/after之類的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語來表示，多為時(shí)間題。 【例1】 M: Could you tell me the timetable of the school bus? W: Well, the bu

3、s leaves here for the campus every two hours from 6:30 a.m. But on weekends it starts half an hour later. Q: When did the second bus leave on Saturdays? A) 7:30. B) 8:00. C) 8:30. D) 9:00. 答案：）。這是一道較為復(fù)雜的轉(zhuǎn)換題?？忌鷳?yīng)聽懂對(duì)話中的every two hours from 6:30 和half an hour later 兩處，同時(shí)還要細(xì)心，捕捉到問題中的the second bus和Saturd

4、ays。 另一類題的線索是表示數(shù)的存在或引起數(shù)的變化的動(dòng)詞，數(shù)字之間的加減關(guān)系由它們來決定，常見的有：be, have, start/begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase/add, decrease, borrow, lend, loan 等。 【例2】 W: Have you heard about the air crash that occurred last Wednesday? M: Yes. The newspaper said six crew members and sixty-four passenger

5、s were killed, and fifteen others were injured. Q: How many people suffered in the air crash? A) 85. B) 70 C) 64. D) 31. 這是一道簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字運(yùn)算題，解題的關(guān)鍵是要聽懂問句中的“suffer”一詞，受害者應(yīng)包括死者和傷者，故答案應(yīng)為6+64+15=85（A）。 【例3】 M: Ill have these shoes. Please tell me how much I owe you. W: They are $40 a pair and three pairs make a

6、 total of $120. But today we offer a 10% discount. Q: How much does the man have to pay? A）$120. B) $108. C) $90. D) $40. 本題關(guān)鍵是聽懂女士的話。a 10% discount 意為打折10%，120元（3雙）扣除10%后應(yīng)為108元（B）。對(duì)于這種題，考生在聽懂對(duì)話與問題的同時(shí)，要求對(duì)數(shù)字反應(yīng)要快并要有一定的計(jì)算速度。 【例4】 W: Sorry. Mr. Smith is not in. May I have him return your call? M: Yes, t

7、hank you. Im at 6330872. Sorry. Its 6338720. Q: Whats the mans telephone number? A) 6330872. B) 6380372. C) 6338720 D) 6338726. 這道題要注意的是電話號(hào)碼在口語中的讀法。6338720的最常見的讀法是：six double three eight seven two zero (或o)。另外還要注意不要受干擾信息的影響，如本題中的6330872以及其后的話語停頓。 【例5】 W: Id like to make two reservations one Flight 6

8、51 for June 8th. M: Im sorry. Weve booked up on the 8th. But we still have a few seats available on the 9th. Q: When does the man want to leave? A) On the 6th of June. B) On the 8th of June. C) On the 9th of June. D) On the 19th of June. 答案：B）。與上一題類似，本題是考察考生抗干擾的能力。對(duì)話中干擾因素有Flight 651 和the 9th兩個(gè)數(shù)詞。考生還

9、要理解兩個(gè)詞：reservation 意為“預(yù)定”，而book up則指“訂完”。此外，還要熟悉日期的不同表達(dá)方法。 地點(diǎn)與方向題型： 在地點(diǎn)型試題中，有的地點(diǎn)在對(duì)話中直接提到，有的則需要根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容來判斷（這類問題一般是問對(duì)話發(fā)生在何處），還有的則是兩者兼而有之。 卷面線索：選項(xiàng)通常由（介詞+）地點(diǎn)名詞構(gòu)成，提問可分為兩種情況。第一種問對(duì)話發(fā)生的何處，選項(xiàng)的形式通常為表示方位的介詞（如in, at等）加上一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞構(gòu)成；第二種問的是方向，選項(xiàng)的形式通常為表示方向的介詞（如to, from, out of等）加上一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞或者只有地點(diǎn)名詞構(gòu)成。 解題要點(diǎn)： 1、首先要根據(jù)卷面線索判斷出試題

10、的類型。對(duì)于第一種試題，要重點(diǎn)聽對(duì)話中的與特定地點(diǎn)有關(guān)的常用詞或詞組（即關(guān)鍵詞），例如聽到reserve，check in，check out，room 之類的詞的話即可判斷對(duì)話是發(fā)生在旅館里，聽到size，color，pay，discount之類的詞即可判斷對(duì)話地點(diǎn)是在商店等。 2、與方向有關(guān)的詞和詞組并不多，所提出的問題在形式上也可能比較簡(jiǎn)單，但是這類問題出現(xiàn)時(shí)，往往需要幾經(jīng)思考才能得出答案。在這類問題中，務(wù)必要注意錄音中的內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)，不要單憑從對(duì)話中獲得的孤立信息來確定答案。建議在聽音的同時(shí)用筆在紙上畫一些草圖以幫助理解。 3、與時(shí)間題不同，有的地點(diǎn)題可通過邏輯判斷猜出正確的答案，平時(shí)要注

11、意這方面能力的培養(yǎng)。（請(qǐng)見【例1】）。 【例1】 W: How long have you known Susan? M: Ive known her about three years. I met her in the library where we used to read, but now I can only see her on the campus occasionally. Q: Where did Susan often go to read? A) In the library. B) In the college. C) On the campus. D) In the

12、 classroom. 從聽力的角度來說， 這是一道較為特殊的題。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)女士提出的問題對(duì)于提問的第三個(gè)聲音來說沒有多少意義。換言之，“你認(rèn)識(shí)Susan多久了？”是一個(gè)干擾句，于是許多考生就把注意力放在男聲的答句中的“三年”上，而忽略了以下的內(nèi)容。究其原因，主要是沒能從選擇項(xiàng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一道地點(diǎn)題。事實(shí)上，這道題聲東擊西，看似較難，但在判斷出它屬于地點(diǎn)題以后，我們利用邏輯推理，可以馬上排除B）和C）這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與學(xué)生或?qū)W校有關(guān)，B）和 D）是同義關(guān)系，選擇其一必然要選其二，結(jié)果只能是兩者都不對(duì)，答案必然是A）或D）。在此基礎(chǔ)上，再聽音，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有提到教室一詞，所以即使這一題

13、聽不懂，我們也能做出正確的答案（A）。 【例2】 M: Ive just got back from the holiday you arranged for me, but I must tell you the hotel was really awful! It was miles from the sea. The food was awful too. The bedroom was dirty. W: Sorry about that. But its not really our fault. The contract does say that the hotel accomm

14、odation is not our responsibility Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place? A) At the airport. B) In a travel agency. C) In a hotel. D) At home 此題對(duì)話中雖有地點(diǎn)名詞出現(xiàn)（hotel, bedroom），但明顯都不是答案。本題考的是推理能力。根據(jù)hotel等關(guān)鍵詞，可推斷對(duì)話的話題與旅行有關(guān)，而從W的話中的arrange, contract等詞，可以判斷出這是一家旅行社（B）。本題說明，在聽對(duì)話時(shí)，要對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞特別注意，但又

15、不能認(rèn)為關(guān)鍵詞就是答案。 【例3】 M: Good afternoon. This is Edward Miller at the Sun Valley Health Center. Id like to speak to Mr. Adams, please. W: Mr. Miller, my husband isnt at home. I can give you his business phone if youd like to call him at work. Q: Where is Mr. Adams now? A）At the Sun Valley. B) At the Hea

16、lth Center. C) At home. D) At the office. 本題表面是很簡(jiǎn)單，但聽音的過程中，由于出現(xiàn)過多的專有名詞（包括地點(diǎn)名詞），很多考生往往抓不住關(guān)鍵的信息。在應(yīng)試的過程中，如果出現(xiàn)這種情況而實(shí)在沒有辦法，可考慮選擇對(duì)話中沒有直接出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)選項(xiàng)，如本題中的D）。 【例4】 M: Now, Miss, do you feel all right now? What happened? W: Yes, Im fine now. I was just at the motorway. I was driving along the main road when sudd

17、enly right before the crossroads I met the car came out at the side street. I didnt see him until he hit me. Q: Where was the car before it hit the woman? A）In the side street. B) At the crossroads. C) On the main road. D) On the motorway. 本題屬于較為特殊的地點(diǎn)題，考生不僅要聽懂對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，而且要能理解 I met the car came out at

18、 the side street 這句語法上有錯(cuò)誤的話并推斷出在汽車撞上W之前，它正在 the side street （A）中。其它選項(xiàng)在對(duì)話中都曾出現(xiàn)過，但它們都是描述W本人所在的位置，而非肇事車輛所處的位置。 【例5】 W: I just stopped by at your office in the bank. They told me that you had quit. Where are you working now? M: I am working for a lawyer now. The pay is better and the work is much more i

19、nteresting. Q: Where did the man work before? A） In a court . B) On the farm. C) In a bank. D) In a shop. 在對(duì)話部分中，通常第二個(gè)人說的話比較重要，但也并非始終如此，所以應(yīng)試時(shí)要集中注意力，平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)則要做到聽清聽懂每一個(gè)詞，這樣在臨場(chǎng)時(shí)才不會(huì)疏漏。 職業(yè)與身份題型： 職業(yè)與身份類型的題包括人物的職業(yè)、身份以及與他人的關(guān)系。此類對(duì)話經(jīng)常提供一個(gè)情節(jié)，反映所涉及的人物的關(guān)系或身份。大部分情況下，這類題的選擇項(xiàng)是有固定格式的，要么是四個(gè)不同的職業(yè)，要么是四個(gè)對(duì)不同身份的人。與地點(diǎn)題類似的是，我

20、們?cè)诼犚魰r(shí)要善于捕捉關(guān)鍵詞，以便抓住簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中所提供的信息，作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。因此，除了要熟悉選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)的形式，還要對(duì)其相應(yīng)的設(shè)問做到心中有數(shù)。常見的設(shè)問有： 1. Who (what) is the man/woman? 2. What is the mans/womans profession/occupation? 3. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? 對(duì)于前兩種提問，其選項(xiàng)通常為四個(gè)表示職業(yè)的名詞；而對(duì)于第三題，其選項(xiàng)則為由and連接起來的四對(duì)名詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 此外，做這類題時(shí)，考生一方面應(yīng)熟悉一些與常

21、見的特定職業(yè)相關(guān)的詞語，另一方面要注意對(duì)話雙方的語氣。 【例1】 W: Hi, Jack. I just came back yesterday. Anything new while Im away? M: Congratulations, Susan. Its said youll be promoted to manager and become my immediate boss. Q: What is most probably the relationship between the two speakers at the moment? A) Customer and sales

22、man. B) Colleagues. C) Employee and boss. D) Classmates. 答案：B）。本題考的是對(duì)話雙方的關(guān)系，其關(guān)鍵是要聽懂并理解M的最后一句話：Its said youll .。在這句話中，promoted、 manger、boss三個(gè)詞都是關(guān)鍵詞，從這三個(gè)詞，考生應(yīng)能判斷出這兩人在同一單位。抓住M最后一句話中的將來時(shí)態(tài)以及問句中的 at the moment。當(dāng)然，在瀏覽選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候，我們也可基本排除A）、D）兩項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)是關(guān)于兩人在同一單位的，此時(shí)可基本確定答案將是兩者之一。 【例2】 M: Bill was a great guy.

23、 He was drowned while rescuing a child from the icy water of the river yesterday. W: Well, as far as I know that was not the first dangerous situation he was in. Q: Which of the following best describes Bill? A) Robust. B) Brave. C) Generous. D) Dangerous. 答案為B）。此題為人物特征型題，要求考生在聽懂整個(gè)對(duì)話后，選用一個(gè)詞來綜合概括和描述一

24、個(gè)人的特征。從第一個(gè)人的話中，我們了解到Bill因在冰冷的水中救人而淹死，又從第二個(gè)人的話中的“dangerous”一詞，我們可判斷出B）為正確答案。畢竟，能敢于冒險(xiǎn)的人不是勇敢又是什么呢？ 【例3】 W: Have you found anything wrong with my stomach? M: Not yet. I am still examining. Ill let you know the result next week. Q: What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman? A) Husba

25、nd and wife. C) Doctor and patient. B) Father and daughter. D) Teacher and student. 答案為C）。stomach、 examine是本題的關(guān)鍵詞，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，基本就可以判斷出本題對(duì)話的雙方是醫(yī)生和病人的關(guān)系。 【例5】 W: Now, would you please fill out these customs forms for each package? Please state clearly the contents and value of each, and the name and address

26、 of the returnee. Better in block letters. M: There. I think Ive filled out everything correctly. Q: Whats the womans occupation? A) Doctor. B) Clerk. C) Professor. D) Waitress. 答案為B）。本題的關(guān)鍵詞包括fill out . forms, customs, state the contents and value 等。從以上的關(guān)鍵詞中我們可以知道W是海關(guān)人員，所以其余選項(xiàng)皆不可能。 【例6】 M: May I ask

27、 the nature of your business, please? W: Im from the State Administration, and I need to talk with Mr. Jones about his building project on 20 Street. Q: What is the mans probable occupation? A) Waiter. B) Secretary. C) Tailor. D) Professor. 本題略難，對(duì)話中男士的職業(yè)要從女士的回答中去推斷，女士說她來找Mr. Jones 是要與他談在20號(hào)大街上的建筑項(xiàng)目，

28、由此可知對(duì)話中的男士應(yīng)該是Mr. Jones 的同事或下屬，只有B）符合。 觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度與反應(yīng)題型： 觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度與反應(yīng)題是指對(duì)話雙方對(duì)某事或某人的觀點(diǎn)和看法。有時(shí)這種觀點(diǎn)和看法在對(duì)話中直接表達(dá)出來了，但絕大部分情況需要考生從說話人的語調(diào)、語氣以及所使用的詞匯、短語等方面來進(jìn)行推理和判別的。這種題型的卷面特征通常表現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面： 1、選項(xiàng)一般為完整的句子。 2、某一選項(xiàng)可能含有think, should, agree (disagree), share . opinion , like (dislike), will等詞。 其提問方式有： What did the woman/man say

29、about .? Whats the womans/mans attitude towards / opinion about .? What does the woman/man mean/imply (by saying .)? What did the woman/man think of .? What does the man think the woman should do? 等等。這類題由于說話者表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和看法的方式比較含蓄，不能為選擇書面答案提供直接的信息，而是需要考生聽懂錄音并利用邏輯思維來進(jìn)行推理和判斷，因此往往被認(rèn)為較難（在托福聽力中這種題居多，在近幾年的六級(jí)考試題中多

30、見）。為此，從卷面的角度考慮，我們建議采取以下策略： 1、凡在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)agree (disagree), share . opinion , like (dislike)之類的詞語的題是判斷第二個(gè)說話的人是否同意第一個(gè)說話的人的觀點(diǎn)的，在聽的時(shí)候要重點(diǎn)注意第二個(gè)人所說的話，尤其是言外之意 。平時(shí)還要掌握表示贊同和反對(duì)的習(xí)語，如： You can say it again. I cant agree more. Im not sure. I doubt . Id rather . 2、選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)should, ought to等詞語的題，其答案多出現(xiàn)在第一個(gè)人說的話里，但是要隨機(jī)應(yīng)變。例如，第

31、一個(gè)人是女聲，如果選項(xiàng)都是He should / the man should .的話，則重點(diǎn)在女聲的話中；而如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的是She should .的話，重點(diǎn)又在男聲的話中了。 3、對(duì)于選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)mean, think, will (表意愿)的題，通常有兩種情況，其一是說話人用了虛擬語氣來表達(dá)其愿望；其二是找一個(gè)借口（用but來引導(dǎo)）來拒絕對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)、建議等。因此平時(shí)要對(duì)虛擬語氣非常熟悉，考試時(shí)才能聽得出來。 此外，對(duì)話者的語調(diào)也可提供重要的信息，但要求較高，此處不予推薦，讀者如有興趣，可參考有關(guān)書籍。 【例1】 W: Did you watch the game last night?

32、M: I wouldnt have missed it for anything. Q: Did the man watch the game last night? A) No, he missed. B) Yes, he did. C) No, he didnt. D) Yes, he probably did. 本題的關(guān)鍵是M話中的虛擬語氣。聽出了這一點(diǎn)，即使對(duì)for anything （無論如何）不太理解，我們也知道他去看比賽了。故答案是B）。 【例2】 M: The city council has finally voted the funds to build a new hig

33、h school. W: Its about time they did it. I dont know what took them so long. Q: Whats the womans opinion about the school? A) Its too expensive. B) It isnt needed. C) It should be built. D) A college would be better. 答案：C）。如前所述，對(duì)于這種題要注意第二個(gè)人的話。本題要求考生根據(jù)W的話推斷出她的態(tài)度和看法，有一定的難度。首先要對(duì) Its about time they did

34、 it這句虛擬語氣有正確的理解，意為他們?cè)撨@么做了。其后的 I dont know what took them so long 同樣表明了她認(rèn)為他們?cè)缭摫頉Q投入資金建學(xué)校了。 【例3】 W: Some people know a lot more than they tell. M: Unfortunately the reverse is also true. Q: What does the man mean? A) Some people pretend to know what they really dont. B) What the woman said is true. C) What the woman said is wrong. D)He knows more than the woman does. 答案為A）。由于對(duì)話極短，僅就對(duì)話內(nèi)容而言，本題難度較大。考生不僅要理解W所說的話，同樣要理解M說的 the reverse is also true (相反的情況同樣存在，即說的比懂的多，不懂裝懂)。所以，他不僅肯定了W的話，還提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，這樣，只選B）就不夠準(zhǔn)確了。但從另一個(gè)角度來看，尚有捷徑可尋。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B、C僅說W的話是對(duì)是錯(cuò)，顯得過于空洞，不大可能是答案，因此猜對(duì)答案的概率應(yīng)為50%，但同時(shí)A