JobSafetyHazardAnalysisPPT113

1、job safety / hazard analysisgary peacockindustrial safety consultant513-583-7081ohio bwc introduce job hazard analysis . introduce some basic skills in the recognition & control of occupational hazards. introduce job hazard analysis techniques.course objectivesjob safety analysiswhat is it?proce

2、ss of studying and recording each step of a job, identifying existing or potential hazards, and determining the best way to perform the job to reduce or eliminate the hazards.jsajsa is used to determine:nphysical, procedural, and/or environmental based hazards that do or could existnactions of perso

3、nnel which could result in accidents or injuriesnmeasures to be implemented which will eliminate or control hazards so the job can be performed safelyelements of jsa four basic steps:1.selecting jobs for analysis2.breaking each selected job into steps3.identify the hazards associated with each step4

4、.eliminate or correct the hazardsjsa benefitsnprevention/reduction of hazards in the performance of your jobnprevention/reduction of occurrences of accidentsnimprovements in job performance ncoordinates with ppe selection, ergonomic assessments, complying with adanstandardizes work proceduresmore be

5、nefitsemployee training identify jobs for return to work program employee orientation job reviews document corrections and improvements safety audits accident investigationsosha requirementsgeneral duty clause 5(a)(1)many osha standards require hazard analysis:neapnhazcomnppenlotowhen should jsa be

6、createdjsa should be performed when:njob does not currently have jsannew job is creatednwhen accident or near miss occursnwhen employee has concernmembers of jsa teamno single method typical members:nsafety manager nsafety team membersnemployeesnsupervisorsnhuman resourcesnengineeringemployee involv

7、ementreasons for involving employees:nfamiliaritynidentify hazards not observablenavoids alienationngains “buy-in” for necessary changesemployee involvementdiscuss process with employees performing the job and explain purposeinvolve employee in all phases after job selectionhigher success ratesmore

8、effective jsa resultsresistancedepartmental managers may not fully cooperate because:nprocess seen as a disruption to their work areanemployee involvement detrimental to productivityovercome by communicating benefits of jsa and involving management members in the processapproaches to jsa observation

9、 method discussion methodobservation methoddirectly observe the job task, to evaluate each step and understand the hazards involved.ask questions of the operators and draw upon their knowledge of established procedures, problems, and difficult areaspreferred methoddiscussion methodrequires getting p

10、eople together who have knowledge of the job and discuss a particular job task.job analysis is not done at the site of the job. some points could be missed.secondary methodjsa videowhat is a job?what is a job?a job is a description of a function in the companynsupervisor; assembler; material handler

11、each job is made up of tasks.examples of taskstask sequence of steps or activities that together accomplish a goal.nhanging a doornunloading drums from truck with forkliftnfilling cans on an assembly linenmachining parts in a millstep 1: selecting jobs for jsahigh risk jobs firstindicators used to s

12、elect jobs:nfrequencynseveritynpotential severitymaterials to aid in job selectionaccident reportsosha logsworkers compensation claimsstep 2: job task breakdownlist each step of the job in order of occurrence as you watch the employee perform the job.dont break the job down into steps so small as to

13、 be meaningless or too broad that something is missed.tools and equipmentvideo cameradigital cameratape recordernotebookemployee interviewsupervisor interviewjob titlenewrevisedtaskdepartmentdate/cellwork centeranalyzed byriskjob safety analysis worksheetrecommended safe practicespotential hazards u

14、nsafe acts or conditionssequence of basic job stepshazard typeplanting a tree (example 1)1.dig hole.2.insert tree.3.backfill planting.whats wrong with this?planting a tree (example 2)1.pick up shovel2.position shovel3.put foot on shovel4.push shovel with foot.5.etc.whats wrong with this?planting a t

15、ree (example 3)1.bring tools2.dig hole3.prepare hole4.position tree in hole5.backfill, tamp, and water6.brace tree7.return toolsrule of thumbmost jobs will separate into 10-15 basic steps, although some will have fewer and some may have more.employee interviewsconduct interview near work areaexplain

16、 only looking for factsask open ended questionsask employee to write down job stepsthank person for helpinginformation reviewusing information gathered, including employee interview, review and revise job steps as necessary to accurately reflect current performance of job.step 3: identifying hazards

17、recorded steps must be examined to determine hazards that exist or might occur.identification of hazards should include the hazards associated with: machines, tools, supplies, job procedures, and the surroundingsjob titlenewrevisedtaskdepartmentdate/cellwork centeranalyzed byriskjob safety analysis

18、worksheetrecommended safe practicespotential hazards unsafe acts or conditionssequence of basic job stepshazard typehazard types1.contact by or against objects.2.caught in or between objects 3.falls same level.4.falls elevation.5.overexertion.6.environmental exposure additional trainingdo jsa team m

19、embers need additional training in hazard recognition?nknow difference between physical and health hazards?nunderstand basic electrical principles?nunderstand hazards of extreme hot or cold environments?step 4: controlsafter hazards or potential hazards have been listed and reviewed, the next step i

20、s neliminate the hazards, or nreduce the hazards.job titlenewrevisedtaskdepartmentdate/cellwork centeranalyzed byriskjob safety analysis worksheetrecommended safe practicespotential hazards unsafe acts or conditionssequence of basic job stepshazard typecontrolssubstitutionjob redesignengineering rev

21、isionsprocedural revisionspersonal protective equipmenttrainingadministration controlshierarchy of hazard correctionuse engineering controls where feasible and appropriateuse administrative controls, such as reducing the duration of exposure. hierarchy of hazard correctionuse procedures for safe wor

22、k which are understood and followed by all parties, as a result of ntraining, npositive reinforcement, ncorrection of unsafe performance, and nenforcement through a clearly communicated disciplinary system use personal protective equipmentreviewing/revising jsasjsa are only effective if they are rev

23、iewed and updated periodically.trigger points:nwhen accidents occurnwhen the job process changesnafter near missesnemployee complaintnequipment suffers damagenperiodic reviewsconclusionthe process of jsa can be applied to any job in any workplace, to improve work procedures and make jobs safer and e

24、asier to perform. the goal of this process is to educate everyone by getting them involved in identifying hazards and developing controls to keep everyone safe.general program requirementsreview job specific hazardsconduct hazard assessmentsinstitute safe work practicesensure ppe is not damaged or d

25、efectivecertify that assessments have been doneprovide training to all required employeesinstall engineering controls where possibleinstitute administrative controls where possibleassess and issue ppe to control hazards as a last resortall employers must:jobhazardanalysisprogram training requirement

26、sthe employer must provide training: the use of equipment. when ppe is necessary. what ppe is necessary. the limitations of the ppe. provide retraining as required. care and maintenance of equipment. train all employees prior to job assignment.jobhazardsafetyrequired when there is a: close-call even

27、t program related injury change in job assignment new hazard or equipment new hazard control methods failure in the safety procedures reason to doubt employee proficiencyretraining requirementsjobhazardsafetyimplementation strategy recognitionjobs having a high degree of risk.jobs having a high rota

28、tion of employees.jobs having a high “close-call” incidence.jobs having had recent operational changes.a determination of jobs needing improvement.new jobs having little or no statistical injury data.jobs where new equipment or processes are in use. engineering controls first choice work station des

29、ign tool selection and design process modification mechanical assist administrative controls second choice training programs job rotation/enlargement pacing policy and procedures personnel protective equipment last choice gloves wraps shields eye protection non-slip shoes apronsindustrial hygiene co

30、ntrolsworksite analysis worksite analysis is divided into four main parts: 1. gathering information from available sources.2. conducting baseline screening surveys to determine which jobs need a closer analysis.3. performing job hazard analyses of those work stations with identified risk factors.4.

31、after implementing control measures, conducting periodic surveys and follow-up to evaluate changes.tangible indicators: accident records production records personnel records employee surveyssafetystatisticsworksite analysiscontinuedwhat tangible indicators would be most useful to you?continuedworksi

32、te analysis personal risk factors affecting the job1. age2. gender3. attitude4. training5. strength6. work method7. loose clothing9. anthropometry10. loose or long hair11. hearing deficienciesjob risk factors job risk factors weight of load location/size of load frequency of the task duration and pa

33、ce of cycle stability of load coupling of load travel distances of worker reach distances of worker symmetry between worker and the object heldcontinuedjob risk factors static work posturea) standingb) sitting work platforms or stairs torso flexion (bending)a) mild (up to 45 degrees)b) severe (great

34、er than 45 degrees) work heights (too high or too low) floor surfaces (wet, smooth, vibration)job risk factorscontinuedjob risk factorsnoise/vibrationa) frequency very importantb) can amplify through the bodyenvironmenta) hot (sweat, reduced grip, fatigue)b) cold (gloves reduce grip by as much as 30

35、%)lighting a) posture problems (because of inability to see)job risk factorscontinuedjob risk factors trip hazards confined spaces electrical hazards inadequate ventilation lockout tagout requirements machine guarding requirements motorized vehicles (forklifts, etc.) oxygen deficiency or enrichment

36、hazards associated with “hotwork” inappropriate personal protective equipmentjob risk factorscontinuedjob risk factors fall hazards mechanical hazards engulfment hazards respiratory hazards flammable gases or vapors airborne combustible dustsjob risk factorscontinuedjob risk factorsjob risk factorsc

37、ontinuedwhat other risk factors can you think of that are associated with your workplace?job and task analysisunit loads:defined as:the unit to be moved or handled at any one time.the container, carrier, or support usedto move materials must be included aspart of the unit load.factors affecting unit

38、 loads the material to be utilized the quantity of material to be handled the susceptibility of the material to damage the number of times the unit load is handled the receiving, storing, shipping, and handling methods the environmental conditions to which the load is exposedjob and task analysiscon

39、tinuedjob and task analysiscontinueddesigning the unit load optimize the weight of the load insure stability of the load reduce the size of the load optimize load coupling- hand to load- foot to floorjob and task analysiscontinued“cycle” example: 1. assemble new box 2. put bottles in box from convey

40、or 3. stack boxes on pallet 4. go to step 1 the time required to complete one sequence of tasks sub-tasks, or elements.definition of terms:job and task analysiscontinuedconducting the jha identify the job to study collect the data evaluate the data formulate control measuresjob and task analysiscont

41、inuedidentifying the job to study close-calls accident statistics accident investigations high employee turnover jobs complaints & operator feedback production bottlenecks, high errorscollecting the data jha assessment forms direct observation video tape action photographs documentary accounts a

42、ccident statisticsjob and task analysiscontinuedjob and task analysiscontinuedevaluating the data task description sub-task descriptionrisk factor/hazard identificationjob and task analysiscontinuedformulating control measures eliminate or reduce exposure engineering control measures administrative

43、control measures application of safe work principles personal protective equipmentjob and task analysiscontinuedjob hazard analysis form step- action being performed hazard- description of potential injury cause- probable cause of potential injury prevention- prevention control measurejob and task a

44、nalysiscontinuedjob hazard analysis job title- action being performed left hand- how is it used right hand- how is it used frequency- usually times per minute notes- supporting information posture- acceptable to extreme force- high, medium, low- quantifiable amount duration- length of stressor step

45、1 - determine general conditions of jobstep 2 - break down the jobstep 3 - identify the hazardsstep 4 - evaluate the hazardsstep 5 - recommend protective measuresstep 6 - revise the jha as necessarysteps in conducting job hazard analysisjob and task analysiscontinuedjob and task analysiscontinuedste

46、p 1 - determining general conditions of job set the employee to be observed at ease. point out that you are studying the job not performance! involve the employee in the analysis. speak with co-workers. determine the effect of the job on co-workers. review anticipated risk factors review general con

47、ditions for performing job.job and task analysiscontinuedstep 2 - breaking down the job list each step in order of occurrence. record each step of job action. go over the steps with the employee. finalize the steps involved.job and task analysiscontinuedstep 3 - identifying the hazards examine each

48、step to determine existing hazards. ask these kinds of (who & what) questions:can clothing or jewelry get caught?what fixed objects could cause punctures?what could the worker get caught “between”?what can the worker get caught in, reaching over, under, around or through etc.?is the worker off-b

49、alance at any time?job and task analysiscontinuedstep 3 - identifying the hazards ask these kinds of (who & what) questions:is the worker positioned dangerously?what repetitive motion injuries are likely?what moving parts could strike the worker?can the worker fall from one level to another?can

50、the worker be injured from carrying heavy objects?what environmental hazards exist?(continued)job and task analysiscontinuedstep 4 - evaluating the hazards ask these kinds of (why & how) questions:why isnt ppe serviceable?why is ppe improperly worn?why doesnt ppe fit properly?how can lockout pro

51、cedures be improved?what causes the worker to contact sharps?why has proper training not been conducted?how can the flow of work be organized better?job and task analysiscontinuedstep 5 - recommending protective measures determine if the job could be performed in another way to reduce the hazards. l

52、ist each safer job step or protective measure. be specific! if job hazards are still present: reduce necessity.reduce frequency.consider job rotation.consider job enlargement.job and task analysiscontinuedsteps in conducting job hazard analysisstep 6 - revising the jha jhas must be reviewed & re

53、vised periodically. repeat jhas can catch hazards on the second look. if an injury or close-call occurs redo the jha. retraining should follow each jha.job designgood job designreducesdiscomfort, fatigue, aches & painsinjuries & illnesses, work restrictionsavoidsabsenteeism, turnover, compla

54、ints,poor performance, poor vigilanceabatesaccidents, production problems,poor quality, scrap/reworkcontinuedgood job designpreventseconomic loss, loss in earning power,loss in quality of life, pain & sufferingpreventseconomic loss, loss in expertise,compensation costs, damaged goods& equipm

55、entemployee:employer:job designwork station design design for the range-of-motion of the worker design for assessabilitydesign for the field of vision of the worker design out extreme ranges-of-motion reduce force in job accomplishment reduce the frequency of motions required reduce the duration of

56、a specific task design to provide adequate support to back, and legsdesign considerationscontinuedwork station design incorporate adjustable work surfaces design delivery bins to accommodate various heights design delivery bins to accommodate various reaches design work platforms with ranges-of-move

57、ment incorporate the use of mechanical or powered assists incorporate the use of suspension devices for tools incorporate the use of floor mats to reduce leg trauma incorporate the use of guards wherever possibledesign considerations do not design for the average! do not design for yourself! the lar

58、ge must be able to fit! the small must be able to reach! design for a range! design for adjustability! design for protection!continuedwork station designthe bottom linewhat additional design considerations can you think offor work stations?continuedwork station designtool design and selection consid

59、er the gender and age of users. the specific use of the tool is critical. contact manufactures for their assistance. make informed decisions before you buy. dont be fooled by misleading advertising. any other (than its intended) use, negates possibly all safety benefits and may prove to be detriment

60、al to a safe tool selection process.design considerationstool design and selectioncontinuedconsiderationsstraight wristfirm gripweightsafe balancevibrationtorquepinchpointstool design and selectioncontinued tools come in endless variety, the next few slides provide some considerations to think about.tool design and selectioncontinuedh