川大考博模擬試題二

1、博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語模擬試題二Part I Reading comprehensionPassage 1You know you should do it, other people do it all the time. Maybe youre already done it but it wasnt very satisfying, and youd like to learn to do it better.Im talking, of course, about having a business lunch.Dont feel embarrassed if you are unco

2、mfortable with the idea of sitting over a grilled chicken breast, talking to a prospective client.Most inexperienced, overeager launchers believe the main purpose of a business lunch is to either (a) conduct business or (b) eat lunch, and theyre unsure how to mix the two. Dont worry! Business lunche

3、s arent about either business or lunch, theyre about building relationships.One of my business rules is “People do business with people they like”.Often, its not products, prices, or the company that makes the saleits the person. Business lunches are the perfect time for you and your client, supplie

4、r, or employee to get to know each other as people. This helps establish common interests and makes working together easier.The single most important thing you can do at a business luncheven more important than picking up the tabis listening.You dont need a particular reason to ask someone to lunch,

5、 so dont wait until for a certain occasion or issue.Dont make it seem like lunch is going to be a sales call. Instead, try the straightforward approach. “Weve been doing business together for almost a year. Id like to take you to lunch and get to know you a little better. ” Or a little less straight

6、forward, “Im often in you area, how about having lunch sometime?”Have the other person suggest a place to eat“Is there a restaurant youve been wanting to try?” Or if you have a limited budget, you choose a nice mid-priced restaurant. Forget McDonalds. If youre thanking someone for an important order

7、, take them to a really special, possibly new restaurant.If you did the inviting, you pick up the tab, even if your guest says, “I can pit this on my companys credit card.” But dont have a scene arguing over the check. You can just say, “You can get the next one.” Some companies have policies that d

8、ont permit employees to be treated; in that case, split the tab.1. A business lunch can be viewed as successful if_.A. good relationship is established B. the client does not have to payC. the client likes the food extremely D. business is touches upon during the lunch2. According to the writer, one

9、 can offer to invite a client to lunch_.A. when there are sales to be doneB. when the client feels hungryC. at an ordinary weekendD. on the clients birthday3. During a business lunch its important to_.A. make a deal with the client B. order nice, expensive foodC. be a good listenerD. inquire after t

10、he clients health4. The following places might be good choices for a business lunch except_.A. nice, mid-priced restaurantsB. fast food storesC. newly opened restaurantsD. a restaurant that the client prefers5. According to the passage, a successful businessman should know_.A. how to offer to pay fo

11、r a business lunchB. what kind of food is nice, yet inexpensiveC. how to make friends with clientsD. which restaurants offer nice foodPassage2What are the chances that we will encounter some alien form of life, as we explore the galaxy. If the argument about the time scale for the appearance of life

12、 on Earth is correct, there ought to be many other stars, whose planets have life on them. Some of these stellar systems could have formed 5 billion years before the Earth. So why is the galaxy not crawling with self designing mechanical or biological life forms? Why hasnt the Earth been visited, an

13、d even colonized. I discount suggestions that UFOs contain beings from outer space. T think any visits by aliens would be much more obvious, and probably also, much more unpleasant.What is the explanation of why we have not been visited?One possibility is that the argument about the appearance of li

14、fe on Earth is wrong.Maybe the probability of life spontaneously appearing is so low that Earth is the only planet in the galaxy, or in the observable universe, in which it happened.Another possibility is that there was a reasonable probability of forming self-reproducing system, like cells, but mos

15、t of these forms of life did not evolve intelligence.A third possibility is that there was a reasonable probability for life to form, and to evolve to intelligent beings, in the external transmission phase. But at that point, the system becomes unstable, and the intelligent life destroys itself. Thi

16、s would be a very pessimistic conclusion. I very much hope it isnt true.I prefer a fourth possibility: there are other forms of intelligent life out there, but we have been overlooked. There used to be a project called SETI, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. It involved scanning the radi

17、o frequencies, to see if we could pick up signals from alien civilizations. I thought this project was worth supporting, though it was cancelled due to a lack of funds. But we should have been wary of answering back, until we have developed a bit further. Meeting a more advanced civilization, at our

18、 present stage, might be a bit like the original inhabitants of America meeting Columbus. I dont think they were better off for it.6. the author thinks that_.A. it is impossible that we encounter some alien from of lifeB. life only exists on EarthC. it is likely that well encounter some alien from o

19、f lifeD. beings from outer space will never visit the Earth7. What does the word “discount”(Line6, Para1) most probably mean according to the context?A. Doubt. B. Accept. C. Discharge. D. Disregard.8. Which of the following is NOT among the four possibilities of why we havent been visited?A. Forms o

20、f life on the other planets dont evolve to intelligent beings.B. Earth is the only planet that contains life in the universe.C. Life on the other planets destroys itself.D. Beings from outer space are too far away from us.9. In the authors eyes, the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence_.A. is u

21、nnecessary B. should be supportedC. is a waste of money D. has not been done appropriately10. By comparison, the author considers that _.A. amore advanced civilization will destroy us if they visit us at presentB. the original inhabitants if America were better off because of Columbus visitC. beings

22、 visited by a more advanced civilization will do us goodD. we wouldnt be better off even though we were visited by the beings from outer space at present Passage 3To broaden their voting in the presidential election of 1796, the Federalists selected Thomas Pinckney, a leading South Carolinian, as ru

23、nning mate for the New Englander John Adams. But Pinckneys Southern friends chose to ignore their partys intentions and regarded Pinckney as a presidential candidate, creating a political situation that Alexander Hamilton was determined to exploit. Hamilton had long been wary of Adams stubbornly ind

24、ependent brand of politics and preferred to see his running mate, over whom he could exert more control, in the Presidents chair.The election was held under the system originally established by the Constitution. At that time there was but a single tally, which the candidate receiving the largest num

25、ber of electoral votes declared President and the candidate with the second largest number declared Vice-Pinckney, Hamilton anticipated that all the Federalists in the North would vote for Adams and Pinckney equally in an attempt to ensure that that Jefferson would not be either first or second in t

26、he voting. Pinckney would be solidly supported in the south while Adams, yet both Federalists would out poll Jefferson.Various methods were used to persuade the electors to vote as Hamilton wished. In the press, anonymous articles were published attacking Adams for his monarchial tendencies and Jeff

27、erson for being overly democratic, while pushing Pinckney as the only suitable candidate. In private correspondence with state party leaders the Hamilton encouraged the idea that Adams popularity was slipping, that he could not win the election, and that the Federalists could defeat Jefferson only b

28、y supporting Pinckney.Had sectional pride and loyalty nit run as high in New England as in the deep sough, Pinckney might well have become Washingtons successor. New Englanders, however, realized that equal votes for Adams and Pinckney in their states would defeat Adams, therefore, eighteen electors

29、 scratched Pinckneys name from their ballots and deliberately threw away their second votes to men who were not even running. It was fortunate for Adams that they did, for the electors from South Carolina completely abandoned him, giving eight votes to Pinckney and eight to Jefferson.In the end, Ham

30、iltons interference in Pinckneys candidacy lost even the Vice-Presidency of South Carolina. Without New Englands support, Pinckney received only 59 electoral votes, finishing third to Adams and Jefferson. He might have been President in 1797, or as Vice-President a serious contender for the Presiden

31、t in 1800; instead, stigmatized by a plot he had not devised, he served a brief term in the United States Senate and then dropped from sight as national influence.11. The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. propose reforms of the procedures for election the President and Vice-PresidentB. describe

32、 the political events that lead to John Adamss victory in the 1796C. condemn Alexander Hamilton for interfering in the election of 1796D. contrast the political philosophy of the Federalists to that of Thomas Jefferson12. According to the passage, Hamiltons plan included all BUT which of the followi

33、ng?A. Articles published in newspapers to create opposition to John Adams.B. South Carolinas loyalty to Thomas Pinckney.C. Private contact with state officials urging them to support Thomas Pinckney.D. John Adamss reputation as a stubborn and independent New Englander.13. The overall development of

34、the passage cam best be described as _.A. refuting possible explanations for certain phenomenaB. documenting a thesis with specific examplesC. offering an explanation of the series of eventsD. making particular proposals to solve a problem14. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A

35、. Thomas Pinckney had a personal dislike for Jeffersons politics.B. Electors were likely to vote for candidates from their own geographical region.C. The Hamiltonians contacted key Southern leaders to persuade them to vote for Adams.D. The Federalists regarded themselves as more democratic than Jeff

36、erson.15. It can be inferred that had South Carolina not east any electoral votes for Jefferson, the outcome of the 1796 election would have been a _.A. larger margin of victory for John AdamsB. victory for Thomas JeffersonC. Federalist defeat in the SenateD. victory for Thomas PinckneyPassage4The A

37、leuts, residing on several islands of the Aleutian Chain, the Pribilof Islands, and the Alaskan peninsula have possessed a written language since 1825, when the Russian missionary Ivan Venation selected appropriate characters if the Cyrillic alphabet to represent Aleut speech sounds, recorded the ma

38、in body if Aleut vocabulary and formulated grammatical rules. The Czarist Russian conquest of the proud, independent sea hunters was so devastatingly thorough that tribal traditions, even tribal memories, were almost obliterated. The slaughter of the majority of an adult generation was sufficient to

39、 destroy the continuity of tribal knowledge, which was dependent upon oral transmission. As a consequence, the Aleuts developed a fanatical devotion to their language as their only cultural heritage.The Russian occupation placed a heavy linguistic burden on the Aleuts. Not only were they compelled t

40、o learn Russian to converse with their overseers and governors, but they had to learn Old Slavonic to take an active part in church services as well as to master the skill of reading and writing their own tongue, in 1867, when the United State purchased Alaska, the Aleuts were unable to break sharpl

41、y with their immediate past and substitute English for any one of their three languages.To communicants of the Russian Orthodox Church a knowledge of Slavonic remained vital as did Russian, the language in which one conversed with the clergy. The Aleuts came to regard English education as a device t

42、o wean them from their religious faith. The introduction of compulsory English schooling caused a minor renascence of Russian culture as the Aleut parents sought to counteract the influence of the schoolroom. The harsh life of the Russian colonial rule began to appear mire happy and beautiful in ret

43、rospect.Regulations forbidding instruction in any language other than English increased its unpopularity. The superficial alphabetical resemblance of Russian and Aleut linked the two tongues so closely that every restriction against teaching Russian wan interpreted as an attempt to eradicate the Ale

44、ut tongue. From the wording of many regulations, it appears that American administrators often had not the slightest idea that the Aleuts were clandestinely reading and writing their own tongue or even had a written language of their own. To too many officials, anything in Cyrillic letters was Russi

45、an and something to be stamped put. Bitterness bred by abuses and the exploitations the Aleut resentment against the language spoken by Americans.Gradually despite the failure to emancipate the Aleuts from a sterile past by relating the Aleut and English languages more closely, the passage of years

46、has assuaged the bitter misunderstandings and caused an orientation, away from Russian toward English as their second language, but Aleut continues to be the language that molds their thought and expression.16. The author is primarily concerned with describing_.A. United States government attempts t

47、o persuade the Aleuts to use English as a second languageB. Russian and United States treatment of Alaskan inhabitants both before and after 1867C. how the Czarist Russian occupation of Alaska created a written language for the AleutsD. the Aleuts loyalty to their language and American failure to un

48、derstand it17. According to the passage, which of the following was the most important reason for the Aleuts devotion to their language?A. Invention of a written version of their language.B. Disruption of oral transmission of tribal knowledge.C. Introduction of Old Slavonic for worship.D. Institutio

49、n of compulsory English education.18. Why does the author mention that the Russians killed the majority of adult Aleuts?A. To explain the extreme loyalty Aleuts feel to their languageB. To urge Russia to make restitution on the children of those killed.D. To call attention to the immorality of forei

50、gn conquest.19. The passage implies that_.A. the Cyrillic alphabet was invented for the Aleut language.B. all of the Cyrillic characters were used in writing the Aleut languageC. Russian and the Aleut language have some similar speech soundsD. English is also written using the Cyrillic alphabet20. D

51、istributing which of the following publications would be most likely to encourage Aleuts to make more use of English?A. Russian translations of English novels.B. An Aleut-English bilingual text devoted to important aspects of Aleutian culture.C. An English-Russian bilingual text devoted to important

52、 aspects of Aleutian culture.D. English translations of Russian novels.Passage5The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enlightenment. Dorothea Dix was shocked to find the mentally ill in jails and almshouses and crusaded for the establishment of asylums in

53、 which people could receive humane care in hospital-like environments and treatment, which might help restore them to sanity. By the mid-1880s, 20 states had established asylums, but during the late 1800s and early 1900s, in the face of economic depression, legislatures were unable to appropriate su

54、fficient funds for decent care. Asylums became overcrowded and prison-like. Additionally, patients were more resistant to treatment than the pioneers in the mental health field had anticipated, and security and restraint were needed to protect patients and others. Mental institutions became frighten

55、ing and depressing places in which the rights of patients were all but forgotten.These conditions continued until after World War II. At that time, new treatments were discovered for some major mental illnesses therefore considered untreatable(penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insulin treatme

56、nt for schizophrenia and depressions), and a succession of books, motion pictures, and newspaper called attention to the plight of the mental illness. Improvements were made, and Dr. David Vails Humane Practices program is a beacon for today. But changes were slow in coning until the early 1960s. At

57、 that time, the Civil Rights Movements led lawyers to investigate Americas prisons, which were disproportionately populated by blacks, and they in turn followed prisoners into the only institutions that were worse than the prisons-the hospitals for the criminally insane. The prisons were filled with

58、 angry young men who, encouraged by legal support, were quick to demand their rights. The hospitals for the criminally insane, by contrast, were populated with people who were considered “crazy” and who were often kept obediently in their place through the use of severe bodily restraints and large does of major tranquilizers. The young cadre of public interest lawyers liked their role in the mental hospitals. The lawyers found a population that was both passive and e