深圳大學(xué)研究生2012基礎(chǔ)英語期末考試樣卷及說明

1、AaShenzhen UniversityGraduate English Examination (基礎(chǔ)綜合英語期末考試時(shí)間為2小時(shí)30分鐘)Part I Listening Comprehension (35 points)(說明: 聽力共考四篇, 前三篇內(nèi)容出自聽力題庫每部分一篇, 第四篇是題庫之外的VOA 慢速)Section A 每題1分Directions: In this section you will hear a passage twice. During the first reading, you should listen carefully for a genera

2、l idea of the whole passage. During the second reading, you should fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear to make the sentences complete. Be sure to write your answers on the Answer Sheet. American Mosaic has been broadcasting a series of reports for foreign students who want to attend col

3、lege in the United States. This is the _1_ program in this series. We hope these reports helped students think about their _2_ and provided ways to reach them. We explained the kinds of colleges and universities in the United States, how to get information about them and how to _3_ for admission. We

4、 discussed admissions tests and how to prepare for them. We reported about the high cost of attending an American university and told about possible places to seek _4 _. We talked about the legal documents that are needed before a student can travel to the United States to attend college. We also di

5、scussed the _5_ of using the computer to take classes at an American college without leaving home. In other programs, we told about some American colleges that are not so well known. Landmark College, for example, teaches students with _6 _. Johnson and Wales University offers _7 _. We also provided

6、 information about _8_ colleges and the Masters of Business Administration degree. We would like to thank everyone who wrote to us asking questions that were used in this series. They helped us explain subjects we had not considered. For example, we explained about the need for student _9 _. We disc

7、ussed dormitory life. And we told the difference between an American college and a university. All these reports can be found on the computer by going to the Special English web site. The address is _10_. We hope you will continue to listen to American Mosaic for reports about American life and othe

8、r information about American colleges. In about two years, we will broadcast this series again to provide new information. By then, another group of students will be looking for information about attending college in the United States. Section B 每題1.5分Directions: In this section you will hear a pass

9、age twice. Then you should give brief answers to the questions printed on the examination paper. Be sure to write your answers on the Answer sheet.11. Where did most people live fifty years ago and how many people live in cities now?12. Why do many experts worry about the process of urbanization?13.

10、 What report did the environmental research group release last week? 14. What are unplanned settlements?15. According to Molly OMeara Sheehan, what should policymakers do?16. Why did Freetown, Sierra Leone establish farming within city limits?17. Why is the bus system created by engineers in Bogota

11、successful? 18. What are the reasons forcing people to move out of rural areas?19. What are the two issues that have existed side by side according toOlav Kjorven?20略Section C 每題1分Directions: In this section you will hear two passages. Each passage will be read twice. After each passage there will b

12、e some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Questions for passage one of section C 21 Who agrees that foods from healthy cloned animals are safe?A

13、U.S. Center for Food SafetyB A news conferenceC U.S. Agriculture Department D Bruce Knight22 According to the FDA assessment, meat and milk from cattle, swine and goat clones _.A. are different from traditionally-bred animalsB. are as safe as food from traditionally-bred animalsC. pose safety concer

14、nD. are better than ordinary animals23 Which of the following is true about meat or milk from cloned sheep?A. The FDA has proved the safety of products from cloned sheep.B. Meat and milk from cloned sheep are harmful.C. The FDA is not sure if meat or milk from cloned sheep is safe.D. There are not e

15、nough cloned sheep for research.24 According to the FDA, labeling is only required _. A. for products that pose a safety threat B. when people want to know what they are buyingC. for the cloned animal products D. for meat and milk from cloned sheep25. According to the center for Food Safety, _.A. th

16、e FDA should apologize for having made the announcement B. the FDAs risk assessment relies on complete and correct researchC. the FDAs risk assessment was based on studies that are supplied by cloning companies.D. the FDA did an adequate job before making the announcementQuestions for passage two of

17、 section C 26. Which of the following factors doesnt top the list of heart attack risks?A. bad habitsB. fatty dietsC . stressD. smoking27. Most of what we know about the causes of heart disease comes fromstudies among people _.A. in developing countries, mainly old aged white men.B. in western count

18、ries, mainly middle aged white women.C. in western countries, mainly middle aged white men.D. in industrial nations, mainly old aged white men28. _ account for 90 percent of heart attacks internationally.A. No simply measured risk factorsB. The same factorsC. Three risk factors D. Nine simply measur

19、ed risk factors29. Dr. Anand says _ is responsible for _ of heart attacks. A. weight gain one fifthB. emotional stress one fifthC. smoking one fourthD. high blood pressure one sixth30. What is Dr. Anands description of the relationship between stress and having heart attack?A. DependentB. AdverseC.

20、Independent D. UnpredictablePart II Reading Comprehension (20 points) (說明: 閱讀內(nèi)容均為課本之外的文章)Directions: There are Three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C or D. Decide on the best choice，and

21、mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One1 Rubbish may be universal, but it is little studied and poorly understood. Nobody knows how much of it the world generates or what it does with it. In many rich countries, and most poor ones, only the patchiest of records are kept. That m

22、ay be understandable: by definition, waste is something its owner no longer wants or takes much interest in.2 Ignorance spawns scares, such as the fuss surrounding New Yorks infamous garbage barge, which in 1987 sailed the Atlantic for six months in search of a place to dump its load, giving many Am

23、ericans the false impression that their countrys landfills had run out of space. It also makes it hard to draw up sensible policies: just think of the endless debate about whether recycling is the only way to save the planetor an expensive waste of time.3 Rubbish can cause all sorts of problems. It

24、often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. It is the source of almost 4% of the worlds greenhouse gases, mostly in the form of methane from rotting foodand that does not includ

25、e all the methane generated by animal slurry and other farm waste. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods have thus far been developed.4 Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of i

26、t all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste, according to CyclOpe, a French research institute. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with the

27、ir economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So, waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.5 Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a pot

28、ential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a future in which things like household rubbish and pig slurry will provide the fuel for cars and homes, doing a

29、way with the need for dirty fossil fuels. Others imagine a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled. As Bruce Parker, the head of the National Solid Wastes Management Association (NSWMA), an American industry group, puts it, “Why fish bodies out of the river when you can stop them

30、jumping off the bridge?”6 Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. Entrepreneurs were queuing up to scour rubbish for anything that could be recycled. There was even talk of mining old landfills to extract steel and aluminium cans. And waste that could not be recycled should at least be

31、used to generate energy, the evangelists argued. A brave new wasteless world seemed nigh.7 But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbis

32、h was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear. 8 Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up

33、after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.9 That may sound simple enough, but gov

34、ernments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary tar

35、gets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive. Britain, meanwhile, has started taxing landfills so heavily that local officials, desperate to

36、find an alternative, are investing in all manner of unproven waste-processing technologies.10 As for recycling, it is useless to urge people to salvage stuff for which there are no buyers. If firms are passing up easy opportunities to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by re-using waste, then governmen

37、ts have set the price of emissions too low. They would do better to deal with that problem directly than to try to regulate away the repercussions. At the very least, governments should make sure there are markets for the materials they want collected. (844 words)31. Which of the following is True a

38、ccording to the first two paragraphs?A. The author thinks it is a good idea to dump the garbage in the Atlantic.B. The United States landfills have already run out of space.C. People are scared of not knowing where to dump the garbage.D. What the New York garbage barge did in 1987 is notorious.32. A

39、lmost 4% of the worlds greenhouse gases comes from _.a) animal slurryb) farm wastec) municipal wasted) industrial waste33. We can infer from paragraph 4 that _.a) collecting and treating rubbish stimulates a countrys economyb) the higher the rate of urbanization, the less waste the country producesc

40、) the poorer a country is, the more rubbish it producesd) China, India and Brazil will probably spend more money disposing of their municipal waste34. According to paragraphs 5 and 6, _.a) Bruce Parker thinks that waste should be routinely recycledb) a large amount of steel and aluminium cans have b

41、een extracted from old landfillsc) we no longer need dirty fossil fuels to provide fuel for cars and homesd) waste is a potential natural resource35. The word “plummeting” in paragraph 7 most probably means _.a) disappointingb) dropping downc) rocketingd) unexpectedPassage Two There were strangers o

42、n our beach yesterday, for the first time in a month. A new footprint on our sand is nearly as rare as in Robinson Crusoe. We are at the very edge of the Atlantic; half a mile out in front of us is a coral reef （珊瑚礁）, and then nothing but 3000 miles of ocean to West Africa. It is a wild and lonely b

43、each, with the same surf beating on it as when Columbus came by. And yet the beach is polluted.Oil tankers over the horizon have fouled it more than legions of picnickers could. The oil comes ashore in floating patches that stain the coral black and gray. It has blighted the rock crabs and the crayf

44、ish and has coated the delicate whorls of the conch shells with black goo（黏質(zhì)物質(zhì)）. And it has congealed（凝結(jié)） upon itself, littering the beach with globes of tar that resemble the cannonballs of a deserted battlefield. The islanders, as they go beachcombing for the treasures the sea has washed up for ce

45、nturies, now wear old shoes to protect their feet from the oil that washes up too.You have to try to get away from pollution to realize how bad it really is. We have known for the last few years how bad our cities are. Now there is no longer an escape. If there is oil on this island far out in the A

46、tlantic, there is oil on nearly every other island.It is still early here. The air is still clear over the island, but it wont be when they build the airstrip they are talking about. The water out over the reef is still blue and green, but it is dirtier than it was a few years ago. And if the land i

47、s not despoiled, it is only because there are not yet enough people here to despoil it. There will be. And so for the moment on this island we are witnesses to the beginning, as it were, of the pollution of our environment.Until the pollution of our deserted beach, it seemed simple to blame everythi

48、ng on the “population explosion.” If the population of this island, for example, could be stabilized at a couple of hundred, there would be very little problem with the environment in this secluded（與世隔絕的） area. There would be no pollution of the environment if there were not too many people using it

49、, and so if we concentrate on winning the war against overpopulation, we can save the earth for mankind.But the oil on the beach belies this too-easy assumption. Those tankers are not out there because too many Chinese and Indians are being born every minute. They are not even out there because ther

50、e are too many Americans and Europeans. They are delivering their oil, and cleaning their tanks at see and sending the residue up onto the beaches of the Atlantic and Pacific, in order to fuel the technology of mankind - and the factories and the power plants, the vehicles and the engines that have

51、enabled mankind to survive on his planet are now spoiling the planet for life.The fishermen on this island are perfectly right in preferring the outboard motor to the sail. Their livelihood is involved, and the motor, for all its fouling smell, has helped increase the fishermans catch so that he can

52、 now afford to dispense with the far more obnoxious（討厭的） outdoor privy. But the danger of technology is in its escalation, and there has already been a small amount of escalation here. You can see the motor oil slicks around the town dock. Electric generators can be heard over the sound of the surf.

53、 And while there are only about two dozen automobiles for the ten miles of road, already there is a wrecked jeep rusting in the harbor waters where is was dumped and abandoned. The escalation of technological pollution is coming here just as surely as it came to the mainland cities that are now shro

54、uded（籠罩） by fly ash.If the oil is killing the life along the coral heads, what must it not be doing to the phytoplankton（浮游植物群落） at sea which provide 70% of the oxygen we breathe? The lesson of our fouled beach is that we may not even have realized how late it is already. Mankind, because of his tec

55、hnology, may require far more space per person on this globe than we had ever thought, but it is more than a matter of a certain number of square yards per person. There is instead a delicate balance of nature in which many square miles of ocean and vegetation and clean air are needed to sustain onl

56、y a relatively few human beings. We may find, as soon as the end of this century, that the final despoliation of our environment has been signaled not by starvation but by people choking to death. The technology - the machine - will then indeed have had its ultimate, mindless, all-unintended triumph

57、 over man, by destroying the atmosphere he lives in just as surely as you can pinch off a divers breathing tube.Sitting on a lonely but spoiled beach, it is hard to imagine but possible to believe.36. Which of the following is the best summary of this essay?A. Pollution has reached even the remotest areas of the globe and will only worsen.B. The solution to pollution problems lies in controlling population