用詞的適當形式填空

1、B級用詞的適當形式填空歸納081226表示08年12月份B級考試第26題1. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換081226/28/32/33; 080626/28/30/34; 071227/29/30/32/33; 070626/29/33/35; 061227/29/31/33; 060627/30/33/35; 051226/28/30/32; 050626/30/33; 050127/30/32/35; 040627/29/32/34 名詞 形容詞Nation nationalDifference different, confidence - confidentLuck luckyHelp helpful/

2、 helplessHealth healthy, hill hilly, wind windy, trust trusty, stick sticky Experience experienced, excite excited（形容人）/exciting（形容物）, color colored, fix fixed, return returnedEffect effectiveFriend friendly 形容詞 名Kind kindness, eager eagerness, careless carelessness, happy happiness Foreign foreigne

3、r, different - difference 動詞 名詞Manage manager, work worker, employ employer（雇傭者）/employee（被雇傭者）Collect collector, direct directorDecide decision, suggest suggestion, introduce introduction, impress impression, reflect reflection, invite invitationDevelop development, establish establishment, encoura

4、ge encouragement, improve - improvement 名詞 動詞Success succeed, strength strengthen 形容詞 副詞Wide widely, great greatly, general generally, immediate immediately, personal personally, certain certainly, possible possibly, rare rarely, careful carefully 形容詞 動詞Short shorten, wide widen, red redden, fast fa

5、sten, strength strengthen, sharp sharpen, length lengthen100626: help helpful100629: develop development100631: direct directly100633: nature natural101226: different difference101228: use useful101230: organize organization101232/ 091233: improve improvement 090626：successful successfully ( be succ

6、essfully organized)090630: attract attractive090632: addition additional090634: practice practical091226: wonder wonderful091229: immediate immediately091231: communicate communication091232; disappoint disappointed081226: nation national081228: manage manager081232: experience experienced081233: wi

7、de - widely ( be widely accepted)080626: great greatly ( be greatly increased )080628: decide decision080630: success succeed080634: effect effective2. 形容詞、副詞的比較級、最高級081227；080631；070634；061226；060626；051229；050129；040626句中出現(xiàn) than, 應(yīng)用比較級 er/ more “ the + 比較級， the+比較級” 越 、, 就越、最高級 est/ the most 注意：最高

8、級前有定冠詞the, 適用范圍：三個或三個以上的比較；“in + 范圍” , 或“of + 范圍”100628: Gas prices are higher here than in other parts of the country.101227: John is the best engineer we have ever hired in our department. 090627: Some people think more about their rights than about their duties.091227: The film turned out to be m

9、ore successful than we had expected. 081227: This question is more difficult than the one I have answered.080631: Because light travels faster than sound, lightning is seen before thunder is heard.3. 分詞短語作狀語主語和謂語動詞時主動關(guān)系則用現(xiàn)在分詞，如是被動關(guān)系則用過去分詞081229/35；071231；061230/32; 051227/34; 050631; 050133101235: W

10、e have received your letter of May 10th, informing us of the rise of the price. 081229: The hotel, built 100 years ago, still looks new.081235: Thank you for your letter of November 15, inviting us to the trade fair on December 10. 4. 語法固定搭配081231；080629/33; 071228; 070632; 060628/32; 050628/32/34/3

11、5; 051226; 040631/35Want to do sth; 想要做某事Would like to do sth; 想要做某事Allow sb (not) to do sth; 允許某人做某事；被動： sb be allowed to do sth; 某人被允許做某事Ask sb (not) to do sth; 叫某人（不要）做某事Get/be used to doing sth; 習慣做某事Had better (not) do sth; 最好（不要）做某事Enjoy doing sth (avoid, admit, advise, consider, delay, finish

12、, forbid, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, permit, resist, risk, suggest, stop等)；It is + adj/ 名詞短語 + for/of sb + to do sth; Worth doing sth; worthy of sth/worthy to do sth; It is worthwhile doing sthBe supposed to do sth “應(yīng)該做某事”Look forward to doing sth; 期望做某事Expect sb to do sth; 期望某人做某

13、事Spend time/ money on sth 或者spend time/ money (in) doing sth 100632: Now many people spend several hours a day talking on a mobile phone. 100621: Dont expect me to help you if you are not working hard. 100635: Advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer. 101229: Yo

14、ud better give me a call before you come to visit me.090633/080629: No reader is allowed to take any reference book out of the reading room.090635: Weve only got one day in Paris, so wed better make the best use of the time.091228: Readers are not allowed to bring food and drinks into the Library at

15、 any time. 091230: We are looking forward to working with you in the future.081217: She told us briefly about how they succeeded in developing the new product.081331: I want to point out that a decision about the matter must be made at once.080633: It took me several weeks to get used to driving on

16、the left side of the road in London.5. 虛擬語氣 081234；080632；070627/28; 050627; 050128; 040633在表建議、要求、命令類的動詞后面的賓語從句中謂語要用虛擬語氣“(should) + 動詞原形”. 如： advise, suggest, propose, request, require, insist, demand, order, command, desire，arrange, consent, beg, determine, intend, expect, instruct, prefer, urge 等

17、；Would rather 引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語部分用動詞的過去式表示虛擬； If I were you, I would . . 掌握虛擬條件句表示與過去事實、現(xiàn)在事實和將來事實相反時，主句跟從句時態(tài)情況條件狀語從句主句與過去事實相反had + 過去分詞should/would/could/might + have + 過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實相反一般過去時(be用were)should/would/could/might + 動詞原形與將來事實相反一般過去時;或should + 動詞原形;或were to + 動詞原形should/would/could/might + 動詞原形例如：現(xiàn)在：1.I

18、f I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。（事實：不知道） 過去：1 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

19、如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（事實：沒有聽我的話） 將來：1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?（事實：來的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實：不知能否下雪）100630: If the engineer had come here yesterday, the problem would have

20、 been solved. 101221: If more money had been invested, we would have set up a factory in Asia. 090629: The adviser recommended that Mary ( should ) start the training program as soon as possible.081234: We demand that the tour guide ( should ) tell us immediately about any change in the schedule.080

21、623: If I hadnt attended an important meeting yesterday. I would have come to see you.080632: The doctor recommended that Mary (should) start the health program as soon as possible.7. 主謂一致080635; 060634; 051235;040630080635: Now the number of people who are working at home on the Internet is still v

22、ery small.8. 動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)071226/34; 070630; 061234/35; 060629; 051231/35; 050629; 050131被動語態(tài)081230；080627；071235；070631；061228；060631；051233；050134；040628一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)：如061228 are expected或070631 be fined一般過去式的被動語態(tài)：如080627 was taken現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：如 081230 has been solved (對現(xiàn)在又影響)一、動詞時態(tài)的基本知識與結(jié)構(gòu)： 概念結(jié)構(gòu)時間狀語否定和一般疑問句一

23、般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或者行為及目前的某種狀況，還可以用來表示某個事情的特點和性質(zhì)。is/ am/ are動詞原形/動詞單數(shù)第三人稱have/ hasoften，usually，always，never，sometimes，every week，once a week，on Sundays 等主語am/is/are not 主語dont/ doesnt 動詞原形Am/Is/Are主語？Do/Does 主語動詞？一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)，過去習慣性經(jīng)常性的動作或者狀態(tài)。was/ were動詞過去時hadago，yesterday，the day before ye

24、sterday，last week/year/month/night，in 1989，just now，at the age of twelve，one day，long long ago 等主語was/werenot . 主語didnt動詞原形.Was/Were 主語.？ Did主語謂語動詞.？一般將來時表示將來某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)，或者將來某一段時間經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)。will/shall 動詞原形is/am/ are going to 動詞原形tomorrow，next week/month/year，in the future等主語wont 動詞原形. 主語isnt/are

25、nt +going to動詞原形.Will/Shall 主語動詞原形.？ Am/Is/Are 主語going to謂語動詞.？過去將來時表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。would/should動詞原形was/were goingto動詞原形the next day/ week/ month/ year等主語wouldnt /shouldn't動詞原形. 主語wasnt/werent +going to動詞原形.Would/Should 主語動詞原形.？ Was/Were 主語going to謂語動詞.？現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時正在發(fā)生的動作，或現(xiàn)階段進行的動作，但說話時不一

26、定正在進行。is/ am/ are現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)now，at this time，at present，these days等主語am/is/are +not現(xiàn)在分詞.Am/Is/Are 主語現(xiàn)在分詞.？過去進行時表示過去某個時間里正在發(fā)生的動作或者行為。was/were 現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)then，at that time，at ten last night等主語wasnt/werent 現(xiàn)在分詞. Was/Were 主語現(xiàn)在分詞.？現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。have/has 過去分詞(v-ed)already，just，ever，before

27、，never，yet，since，for，so far，in the past few days, several times, by now, up to now, by this time, how long, recently, lately等主語havent/hasnt過去分詞. Have/Has主語過去分詞.？過去完成時表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或者行為。had 過去分詞(v-ed)by the time, before we got there, after, by the end of 等主語hadnt過去分詞. Had主語過去分詞.？二： 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成： 被動語態(tài)由b

28、e動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，有各種時態(tài)。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are過去分詞。例如： The song is often sung by the little boys. 這首歌經(jīng)常被男孩子唱。（2）一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were過去分詞。例如： The school was built in 1974. 這個學(xué)校是1974年建的。（3）一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：will be過去分詞。例如：A big factory will be built in our village next year. 我們村莊明年將建一大工廠。（4）現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：am/is/are+bei

29、ng過去分詞。例如： A new road is being built in my village now. 一條新路正在我們的村莊建設(shè)。（5）過去進行時的被動語態(tài)：was/were + being過去分詞。例如： Many boys were being taken to the hospital when we got there. 當我們到達那里的時候，許多男孩子正在被送往醫(yī)院。（5）現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：have been + 過去分詞。例如：More and more trees have been planted on the hill. 越來越多的樹已經(jīng)栽到小山了。（6）含有情

30、態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。例如： These books must be taken to the classroom. 這些書必須馬上帶到教室里。2. 被動語態(tài)使用的兩個注意事項： （1）一些動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式： A.不及物動詞，如happen B.連系動詞，如look, feel, smell，taste C.表示狀態(tài)的詞，如have（擁有） An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。 應(yīng)該為：An accident happened yesterday. The flower smells sweet.這花聞

31、起來很香。 This book sells well.這本書暢銷。（2）帶有復(fù)合賓語的感官動詞feel、see、 hear、watch、 notice、listen to等，使役動詞let、 make、have及動詞help在變成被動語態(tài)時，在主動句中省略的作賓語補足語的不定式符號to必須加上。 I saw him cross the street. (主動) 我看見他過了馬路。 He was seen to cross the street. (被動) 有人看到他過了馬路。100620: I feel its great honor for me to be invited to this

32、party.100627: The goods that you ordered ten days ago will be delivered to you tomorrow.100634: The manager was surprised at the news when he received the phone call yesterday. 101223: We were excited to learn that the last months sales had increased by 30%.101231: The decision will be made by the t

33、eam leader early next week.101233: We can arrange for your car to be repaired within a reasonable period of time.101234: It was only yesterday that the chief engineer emailed us the details information about the project. 090628: It is reported that foreign car sales in the country rose by 8% last ye

34、ar.090631: It was announced yesterday that the game was to start in a week.091235: John has worked as a sales manager since he joined this company in 2002. 081219: I was driving at 130 kilometers per hour when the policeman stopped me.081230: We are pleased to learn that that problem was solved at y

35、esterdays meeting.080627: This picture was taken by a young reporter in Beijing last month.9. 動詞搭配100616: ask sb a question; 090619: ask sb for advice 081220: find information on the Internet10. 定語從句關(guān)系詞詞形所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分關(guān)系代詞who人主語、賓語、表語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語、表語that人、物主語、賓語、表語whose人、物定語關(guān)系副詞when時間名詞時間狀語wh

36、ere地點名詞地點狀語why原因名詞原因狀語注意：1. 當引導(dǎo)詞前面有介詞出現(xiàn)時，先行詞為物時用which引導(dǎo)，先行詞為人時用whom引導(dǎo)。2. 當先行詞為逗號前面的一整個句子時候，用which引導(dǎo)3. 介詞 + which = where （當先行詞為地點名詞時） 介詞 + which = when （當先行詞為時間名詞時）100617：Please give us the reason why the goods were delayed. 101225: Have you read out letter of December 18, in which we complained abo

37、ut the quality of your product?090620: Young people now live a life-style which their parents could hardly dream of.080625: The new model of the car was put into production in 2007, which helped to provide another 1400 jobs.11. 動詞短語辨析100618: put away; work out; take over; make up100623: get up; see

38、off; look into; put on101218: turn to; bring about; go over; put up090619: put down, take in, turn out, ask for090621: give up, pick up, draw up, get up091223: put up, try out, fill in, set up081218: set up, break up, get up, turn up081224: come up to, get along with, run out of, take charge of08061

39、8: take away, put forward, look after, get on12. 同位語從句100619： There is no doubt that he is a good employee.13. 強調(diào)句型It is/ was + 強調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分 注：當強調(diào)部分指人時,也可以用who；強調(diào)賓格時可用whom100622：It was two years ago that his sister became a doctor. 090618: It was in the year of 2002 that they set up a branch c

40、ompany in China.13. 介詞搭配100624: inform sb of sth 101219: focus on sth 090616: What are the essential differences between selling and marketing?091217: If you need more information, please contact us by telephone or email.091222: Before applying for the job, youll be required to take a language test.

41、 (介詞+Ving)081221: introduce sb to sb081223: We talked for more than three hours without having a cup of tea.080617: to ones great surprise14. 連詞的用法辨析If, although, because, when, since, as far as, in addition to, in spite of, as a result of, unless, while, 100625: Although his lecture is short, it gi

42、ves me a clear picture of the new program. 101217: The company has been producing this model of machine tool since 2008. 101224: In addition to your name and job title, the business card should also include your telephone number and address.090624: Well have to continue the discussion tomorrow unles

43、s we can make a final decision today.091224: Unless the rain stops before 12 oclock, we will have to cancel the game. 081225: Although she joined the company only a year ago, shes already been promoted twice.080621: Location is the first thing customers consider when planning to buy a house.15: 形容詞辨析101216：have a clear picture of .101222: Even in small companies