財務(wù)報表分析英文

1、financial management skill財務(wù)財務(wù) 2015年年09月月12日日aaron wang22議題議題 - agendau導(dǎo)言及基本概念導(dǎo)言及基本概念 introduction and basic conceptsu資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 - balance sheet u損益表損益表 - profit & lossu現(xiàn)金流量表現(xiàn)金流量表 cash flow statementu基本財務(wù)比率及報表評價基本財務(wù)比率及報表評價 basic financial ratios and financial statement evaluationu投資評價初步投資評價初步 ba

2、sic investment appraisalu結(jié)束部分結(jié)束部分 - conclusion33 introduction and basic conceptsu導(dǎo)言及基本概念導(dǎo)言及基本概念 introduction and basic conceptsuintroductionufinance organizationufinance activityuother topics44uthis training will allow you to understand：wfinance functionwconcept of financial kpis (revenue, dm, dl, v

3、oh, foh, sg&a, oi, ocf, ebitda, doh, dso, dpo, incremental, etc.) wbs, p&l and cash flow statementswconcepts of financial statement evaluation and investment appraisal introduction and basic concepts55minimize working capital maintain strong cash flowpay debts as they are due increase liquid

4、itymaintain strong financial positionincreased return on investment reduced costsincreased sales increased growth rategenerate income and profitcurrent profit increase current profit increaseincrease of return on investment increase liquidityminimizing capital expenditures meeting the day-to-day bus

5、iness needsversus versus versus versuswhile whilecurrent sales increase sales growthsales growthcurrent profit increasegrowing the business reducing costs“if we cannot measure, we cannot improve” introduction and basic conceptsgoal of the firm66 introduction and basic conceptsu導(dǎo)言及基本概念導(dǎo)言及基本概念 introdu

6、ction and basic conceptsuintroductionufinance organizationufinance activityuother topics77avp of finance asia pacificisr. mgr. - treasury asia pacificjtreasury supervisor asia pacificktreasury analyst asia pacificemanager - cada asia pacificffin. planning analyst asia pacificgmanager issc suzhouchin

7、a (team of 25)hdirector issc pune ap region (team of 50)pdirector of finance north asia (team of 5)qcountry controller india (team of 5)rfinance manager (20%) taiwanstax manager asia pacificmtax manager australia / nz & seantax manager north asiaotax managerindialdirector intl tax asia pacificcc

8、orp. accountaustralasia / se asiadcountry controllersingapore/malaysiabdirector of finance australasia / se asiaregional capabilities with local talent leading to organizational capacity and significant savings. introduction and basic conceptsasia pacific corporate finance organization88afinancial c

9、ontrollerbfin accounting managergfpa and costing managerhfpa & facap acctdar acctfgl and taxicosting supervisorjcost accountantecashier and t&ekstatisticianlfldp sz fin official h/c: 12 fldp: 1 fin controller: 1 manager: 2financial analyst: 1 accountant: 5cashier and t&e: 1 statistician:

10、 1 introduction and basic conceptsplant finance structure99 introduction and basic conceptsu導(dǎo)言及基本概念導(dǎo)言及基本概念 introduction and basic conceptsuintroductionufinance organizationufinance activityuother topics1010 introduction and basic conceptsuaccountingubooking (ap, ar, gl, fa)utaxationustatutory report

11、ingugroup reportingucontrolling ucostingureporting (fp&a)uinternal control (sox and csa)upolicy and process optimizationcontroller is the one who close the door!1111 introduction and basic conceptsubusiness partnershipvisionstrategybudgetforecastuothersutreasuryum&aurisk managementuinsurance

12、 uauditingucomplianceuhedgingu.1212 introduction and basic conceptsu導(dǎo)言及基本概念導(dǎo)言及基本概念 introduction and basic conceptsuintroductionufinance organizationufinance activityuother topics1313e.g. fixed assets1. transaction2. f/smonthly closing checklist introduction and basic conceptsfinancial statement proc

13、essdebits expenses assets credits revenue liabilities owners equity1414ustrategic plan (annual process feb to jun)w5 year projections for sales & capital spending and 3 year projection for operating profituprofit plan (annual process sept to dec)wby ledger, complete p&l and b/s forecast by m

14、onth)lincludes cost of quality, cost savings and economics projectionsurolling forecast (done each month)wby ledger, complete p&l and b/s forecast by monthlincludes cost of quality, cost savings and economics projectionsufinal resultswby ledger, complete variance reporting to forecast (close in

15、3 workdays)results are reported by location, by region, by business, by sector and then total company. introduction and basic conceptsplanning & reporting overview1515operating results income statement1616operating results income statement“isolating fx vs. performance” results1717議題議題 - agendau導(dǎo)

16、言及基本概念導(dǎo)言及基本概念 introduction and basic conceptsu資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 - balance sheet u損益表損益表 - profit & lossu現(xiàn)金流量表現(xiàn)金流量表 cash flow statementu基本財務(wù)比率及報表評價基本財務(wù)比率及報表評價 basic financial ratios and financial statement evaluationu投資評價初步投資評價初步 basic investment appraisalu結(jié)束部分結(jié)束部分 - conclusion1818資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 balance she

17、et負債資產(chǎn)=負債+所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益資產(chǎn)1919舉例舉例 :資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 -創(chuàng)立一個公司創(chuàng)立一個公司 - example : balance sheet - creation of a company貨幣資金貨幣資金 : 100所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益 : 100資金來源何處? where does cash come from ?資金去向何處? where does cash go ?為我們創(chuàng)立的公司注入資金100 - we create a company by injecting cash 100cash : 100equity : 1002020資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表

18、公司開辦公司開辦 balance sheet - the company starts 貨幣資金貨幣資金 : 40所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益 : 100房屋房屋 : 60購買房屋花去資金60 - we purchase a building paid with cash for 60building : 60cash : 40equity : 1002121資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 持續(xù)經(jīng)營持續(xù)經(jīng)營 balance sheet - and it goes on.貨幣資金貨幣資金 : 40所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益 : 100房屋房屋 : 60設(shè)備設(shè)備 : 20借款融資 20來購買設(shè)備 - we purchas

19、e equipments financed by credit for 20融資借款融資借款 : 20building : 60equipments : 20cash : 40equity : 100financial debts : 202222資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 公司成長公司成長 . balance sheet - and the company grows . 資金占用資金占用use=200資金來源資金來源 resources=200貨幣資金貨幣資金: 40所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益 : 100房屋房屋 : 60設(shè)備設(shè)備 : 20投資投資 : 80融資貸款80收購某個競爭者we acquir

20、e a competitor financed by a loan for 80融資借款融資借款 -financial debts: 80+20building : 60equipments : 20investment : 80cash : 40equity : 1002323資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 負債負債 balance sheet - indebtness 資金占用資金占用 use=200資金來源資金來源 resources=200貨幣資金貨幣資金 : 40所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益 : 100固定資產(chǎn)固定資產(chǎn)160融資借款融資借款 : 100負債總額 = 所有者權(quán)益total financi

21、al debts = equityfixed assets160cash : 40equity : 100financial debts : 1002424資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展 balance sheet - development of the activity 貨幣資金貨幣資金 cash : 40所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益 equity : 100固定資產(chǎn)固定資產(chǎn)fixed assets160融資借款融資借款financial debts : 100用去40向供應(yīng)商購買零件we purchase components for 40 from suppliers存貨存

22、貨rm : 40供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商 suppliers : 402525資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展 balance sheet - development of the activity 資金資金 cash: 10 (-30)所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益 equity: 100固定資產(chǎn)固定資產(chǎn) fixed assets160融資借款融資借款 financial debts: 100. 履行合同. we execute the contractsfg/wip : 50 (+50)供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商 suppliers: 40存貨存貨 rm : 20 (-20)為執(zhí)行生產(chǎn)合同, 公司需用去價值

23、20的零件，勞務(wù)及其他支出需花費30。 勞務(wù)費以現(xiàn)金償付。因此現(xiàn)金減少30。to execute the contracts, the company needs components for 20 and labour and other charges for 30. the labour is paid with cash. the cash is thus deteriorated by 30.2626資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展 balance sheet - development of the activity 資金占用資金占用 use=260資金來源資金來

24、源 resources=260資金資金 cash: 10所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益 equity: 100固定資產(chǎn)固定資產(chǎn) fixed assets160融資借款融資借款 financial debts: 100然后我們開發(fā)票給客戶并購進新的零部件50成本的產(chǎn)品賣了70元應(yīng)收帳款應(yīng)收帳款receivable : 70 (+70)供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商 suppliers : 40存貨存貨 rm : 20公司已向客戶開出金額為70的發(fā)票 。他們將在90天內(nèi)付款。 相應(yīng)的在產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)減少了50。 因此凈收益為20。凈收益凈收益 net inc: 20 (+20)wip/fg: 0 (-50)2727資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負

25、債表 經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展 balance sheet - development of the activity 資金占用資金占用 use=300資金來源資金來源 resources=300資金資金 cash: 10所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益 equity: 100固定資產(chǎn)固定資產(chǎn) fixed assets160融資借款融資借款 financial debts: 100然后我們購進新的零部件40元應(yīng)收帳款應(yīng)收帳款receivable : 70 (+70)供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商 suppliers : 80 (+40)存貨存貨 inventory : 60 (+40)凈收益凈收益 net inc: 2

26、0 (+20)2828資金資金 cash: 10所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益equity : 100固定資產(chǎn)固定資產(chǎn) fixed assets160融資借款融資借款financial debts: 100麻煩開始了. 某些供應(yīng)商想立刻收到40的付款 。 我們可以怎么做呢？troubles begin. some suppliers want to be paid for 40 immediately. what can we do ?應(yīng)收帳款應(yīng)收帳款 receivable: 70供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商 suppliers: 80存貨存貨inventory : 60凈收益凈收益 net income: 20資產(chǎn)負

27、債表資產(chǎn)負債表 經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展經(jīng)濟活動的發(fā)展 balance sheet - development of the activity 可以給我們可以給我們你的建議嗎你的建議嗎 ?give us your suggestions ?2929資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 財務(wù)解決方案財務(wù)解決方案 balance sheet - what are the financial solutions ?變賣固定資產(chǎn)變賣固定資產(chǎn)to sell fixed assets增加資本增加資本to increase capital取得新貸款取得新貸款 to obtain a new loan資金資金 cash : 10所有者

28、權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益equity : 100固定資產(chǎn)固定資產(chǎn)fixed assets160融資借款融資借款financial debts : 100應(yīng)收帳款應(yīng)收帳款 receivable : 70供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商suppliers : 80存貨存貨 inventory: 60凈收益凈收益 net income : 203030資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 操作方案如何？操作方案如何？ balance sheet - what are the operational solutions? 資金資金 cash : 10所有者權(quán)益所有者權(quán)益equity : 100固定資產(chǎn)固定資產(chǎn)fixed assets160融資借款

29、融資借款financial debts : 100應(yīng)收帳款應(yīng)收帳款 receivable : 70供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商 suppliers: 80存貨存貨 inventory: 60凈收益凈收益 net income : 20限制存貨限制存貨- to limit inventory與客戶協(xié)商提前收回貨款與客戶協(xié)商提前收回貨款to negociate advanced payments with customers與供應(yīng)商協(xié)商新的付款計與供應(yīng)商協(xié)商新的付款計劃劃to negociate a new payment plan with suppliers3131balance sheetu invento

30、rywdoh wgross inventory vs. forecast amountu receivableswdsolpast due by bucket (current, 1-30, 30-60, etc)lcollection efficiencywgross receivables vs. forecast amountu payableswdpowgross payables vs. forecast amountu capital spendingwactual spending vs. forecastvariances analysis and commentary req

31、uired at each month-end and rolling forecast.warning: dont fall in love with dso, we can try to manipulate dso to make it higher or lower by increasing or decreasing the amount in different brackets3232dohudays on hand inventory (doh) is a calculation to determine the amount of time that is required

32、 to convert inventory into sales.uwhat can you do to improve doh?reduce machine downtimereduce scrapreduce set-up timeimprove schedulingimprove plant layoutimprove throughput time3333dsoudays sales outstanding (dso) is a measurement of how much time it takes to convert sales dollars to cash. dependi

33、ng on the payment terms for our customers dso may vary significantly from customer to customer and month to month.uwhat can you to improve dso?improve order entry processreduce billing errorsreduce quantity related errorsensure sales order is correctprompt follow-up with customers3434why are doh &am

34、p; dso important?both are large components of cash flow.in order to create an increase or positive cash flow you must reduce both.by turning over inventory and receivables faster we receive our sales dollars faster, and therefore borrow less money and pay less interest. one dollar invested in invent

35、ory or receivables is the same as one dollar invested in equipment and as such shareholders demand the same return on it as they do the equipment.3535dpodays payable outstanding (dpo) is similar to accounts receivable (dso)measure of effectiveness of accounts payable and other current liabilitiescan

36、 be used to partially balance cash requirements to fund accounts receivablecash flow impacthigher = source of cashlower = use of cashwhat can you do to improve dpo?extend the length of payment terms to the vendor.we need to be as aggressive with our vendors as our customers are with us.3636存貨存貨 - in

37、ventories 評價庫存管理方法評價庫存管理方法 - review of stock management process- 重新定義安全水平重新定義安全水平 - redefinition of security level- 根據(jù)預(yù)測進行庫存管理而不是根據(jù)歷史趨勢根據(jù)預(yù)測進行庫存管理而不是根據(jù)歷史趨勢 - stock management based on forecast rather than historical trends 變賣過時的和不使用的存貨變賣過時的和不使用的存貨 - sell outdated or unused inventories 加強生產(chǎn)活動的存貨管理加強生產(chǎn)

38、活動的存貨管理 - consolidate stocks management within production sites / activities 標準化存貨采購標準化存貨采購 - standardize inventories purchased 減少瓶頸減少瓶頸 - reduce bottleneck 定期控制存貨水平定期控制存貨水平 - control regularly inventories levels 縮短存貨周期縮短存貨周期 - reduce cycle time應(yīng)付應(yīng)付 - payables根據(jù)供應(yīng)商群及各個國家的情況差異，審核付款條件及付款期根據(jù)供應(yīng)商群及各個國家的情

39、況差異，審核付款條件及付款期 review terms and conditions of payments within supplier groups, countries,.- 例如例如 : 增加延期付款增加延期付款 - e.g : increase delay of payment制定特殊的規(guī)則使付款期與價格相互關(guān)聯(lián)制定特殊的規(guī)則使付款期與價格相互關(guān)聯(lián) establish specific rules to correlate terms of payment and price打造一支專業(yè)的團隊負責(zé)應(yīng)付過程的管理打造一支專業(yè)的團隊負責(zé)應(yīng)付過程的管理 create/strengthen

40、 specific team in charge of the management of the payable processoperation- dos應(yīng)收應(yīng)收 - receivables 根據(jù)客戶群及各個國家的情況差異，審核付款條件及付款期根據(jù)客戶群及各個國家的情況差異，審核付款條件及付款期 review terms and conditions of payments within client segments, countries,. 例如例如 : 減少延期付款減少延期付款 e.g : reduction of the delay of payment 制定特殊的規(guī)則使付款期與價

41、格相互關(guān)聯(lián)制定特殊的規(guī)則使付款期與價格相互關(guān)聯(lián) establish specific rules to correlate terms of payment and price 打造一支專業(yè)的團隊負責(zé)應(yīng)收過程的管理打造一支專業(yè)的團隊負責(zé)應(yīng)收過程的管理 create/strengthen specific team in charge of the management of the receivable process3737w項目計劃沒有考慮到付款標識段項目計劃沒有考慮到付款標識段 project planning does not take into consideration payme

42、nt milestonesw沒有與項目有關(guān)的現(xiàn)金曲線圖沒有與項目有關(guān)的現(xiàn)金曲線圖 - no cash curve on projects w不能優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)循環(huán)或項目循環(huán)不能優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)循環(huán)或項目循環(huán) - non-optimization of the production or project cyclew依據(jù)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)進行生產(chǎn)管理及項目管理依據(jù)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)進行生產(chǎn)管理及項目管理,而非依據(jù)產(chǎn)品需求的驅(qū)動而非依據(jù)產(chǎn)品需求的驅(qū)動 production, project managed according to a component production logic as opposed to a deman

43、d-driven logicw制造或者購買制造或者購買 : 購買配件而不是功能購買配件而不是功能 make or buy : purchase of components instead of functionsw生產(chǎn)改造沒有考慮到現(xiàn)有的存貨生產(chǎn)改造沒有考慮到現(xiàn)有的存貨, 在產(chǎn)品在產(chǎn)品, 及已有的訂單及已有的訂單 production modification without taking into account existing inventories, in-process goods, and purchase orders already issuedoperation - dont

44、s3838w采購、物流、存貨管理間缺乏協(xié)調(diào)采購、物流、存貨管理間缺乏協(xié)調(diào) - lack of co-ordination between purchasing, logistics, inventories management l 供應(yīng)商單方面采取提前交貨的方式促使我們提早付款供應(yīng)商單方面采取提前交貨的方式促使我們提早付款 - early payment triggered by advance delivery at sole initiative of supplierl 提早付款是由收到發(fā)票引起的提早付款是由收到發(fā)票引起的,而不是按照約定的購貨條件交貨引起的而不是按照約定的購貨條件交貨

45、引起的 - early payment triggered by receipt of invoice and not by delivery as stipulated in purchase conditionsl 供應(yīng)商延期交貨供應(yīng)商延期交貨,并且未按程序事先提醒負責(zé)談判的采購員并且未按程序事先提醒負責(zé)談判的采購員 - delivery late without systematically alerting buyer in charge of negotiationw公認的購貨條件沒有得到應(yīng)用公認的購貨條件沒有得到應(yīng)用 - non-application of general pur

46、chasing conditionsw采購部門僅僅以價格為判斷依據(jù)采購部門僅僅以價格為判斷依據(jù),而沒有考慮到付款條件和條款而沒有考慮到付款條件和條款 - purchasing department judged solely on prices obtained, without taking into account terms and conditions of paymentoperation - donts3939議題議題 - agendau導(dǎo)言及基本概念導(dǎo)言及基本概念 introduction and basic conceptsu資產(chǎn)負債表資產(chǎn)負債表 - balance sheet

47、 u損益表損益表 - profit & lossu現(xiàn)金流量表現(xiàn)金流量表 cash flow statementu基本財務(wù)比率及報表評價基本財務(wù)比率及報表評價 basic financial ratios and financial statement evaluationu投資評價初步投資評價初步 basic investment appraisalu結(jié)束部分結(jié)束部分 - conclusionunit managing directors convention - march 2007 - basic in finance4040introduction std cost struct

48、urestandard duty %rm stand cost cny per uomlastest purchase pricestandard freight %bom consuption quantity rm yeild ratestandard material coststd conversion costdirect labor = routine hr x ratevoh= routine hr x ratefoh=routine hr x ratestandard shinkage ratefg standard costunit managing directors co

49、nvention - march 2007 - basic in finance4141introduction std cost rateuwork center cost rate means how much costs needed when occupy the work center for one hour (cny/hour)ustandard cost rate should including the impact of oee (overall equipment effectiveness)coverision coststandard cost rate (cny/h

50、our)cycle timer (routine hour)estimated total expenditure (cny)est. total working hrs (with oee)unit managing directors convention - march 2007 - basic in finance4242introduction std cost componentsunit managing directors convention - march 2007 - basic in finance4343introduction std cost components

51、4444幾個成本名詞幾個成本名詞wfixed ohd 固定制造費用固定制造費用wvariable ohd 變動制造費用變動制造費用wreplacement cost 重置成本重置成本wopportunity cost 機會成本機會成本wsunk cost 沉沒成本沉沒成本4545損益表損益表: 主要原理主要原理 - profit & loss: main principles銷售收入銷售收入sales邊際貢獻邊際貢獻standard contribution margin標準銷售毛利標準銷售毛利standard gross margin (sgm)銷售毛利銷售毛利gross margi

52、n材料成本材料成本material直接人工成本直接人工成本dir labor變動制造費用變動制造費用vohd材料成本材料成本material直接人工成本直接人工成本dir labor變動制造費用變動制造費用vohd固定制造費用固定制造費用fohd材料成本材料成本material直接人工成本直接人工成本dir labor變動制造費用變動制造費用vohdmuv材料用量差異材料用量差異材料成本差異材料成本差異material var人工、制造費人工、制造費用差異用差異labor & ohd var固定制造費用固定制造費用fohd變動成本變動成本固定成本固定成本operating income

53、材料成本材料成本material直接人工成本直接人工成本dir labor變動制造費用變動制造費用vohdmuv材料用量差異材料用量差異材料成本差異材料成本差異material var人工、制造費人工、制造費用差異用差異labor & ohd var固定制造費用固定制造費用fohdsg&a管理費用管理費用4646損益表損益表: 主要原理主要原理 - profit & loss: main principles營業(yè)利潤營業(yè)利潤operatingincome凈收益凈收益net income財務(wù)收入財務(wù)收入及費用及費用finanial inc & exp所得稅及所得稅

54、及遞延稅金遞延稅金incomes &deferred tax營業(yè)外項目營業(yè)外項目expectional4747損益表損益表: 主要原理主要原理 - profit & loss: main principles銷售毛利銷售毛利gross margin材料成本材料成本material直接人工成本直接人工成本dir labor變動制造費用變動制造費用vohd材料用量差異材料用量差異muv材料成本差異材料成本差異material var人工及變動制造人工及變動制造費用差異費用差異labor & vohd var固定制造費用及固定制造費用及差異差異fohd & var注意

55、注意 :關(guān)鍵業(yè)績指標關(guān)鍵業(yè)績指標 kpigross margingm%4848損益表損益表: 主要原理主要原理 - profit & loss: main principles營業(yè)收益營業(yè)收益 - oi材料成本材料成本material直接人工成本直接人工成本dir labor變動制造費用變動制造費用vohd材料用量差異材料用量差異muv材料成本差異材料成本差異material var人工及變動制造人工及變動制造費用差異費用差異labor & vohd var固定制造費用及固定制造費用及差異差異fohd & var管理費用管理費用sga 4949損益表損益表: 主要原理主

56、要原理 - profit & loss: main principlesw 工廠工廠的主要業(yè)績指標之一的主要業(yè)績指標之一wone of the major kpi at plant level注意注意 :關(guān)鍵業(yè)績指標關(guān)鍵業(yè)績指標kpioi營業(yè)收益營業(yè)收益 - oi材料成本材料成本material直接人工成本直接人工成本dir labor變動制造費用變動制造費用vohd材料用量差異材料用量差異muv材料成本差異材料成本差異material var人工及變動制造人工及變動制造費用差異費用差異labor & vohd var固定制造費用及固定制造費用及差異差異fohd & v

57、ar管理費用管理費用sga 5050損益表損益表: 主要原理主要原理 - profit & loss: main principles operating income + depreciationwearning before interest, tax and depreciation w工廠工廠的主要業(yè)績指標之一的主要業(yè)績指標之一wone of the major kpi at plant level注意注意 :關(guān)鍵業(yè)績指標關(guān)鍵業(yè)績指標kpiebitdaebitda營業(yè)收益營業(yè)收益 - oi材料成本材料成本material直接人工成本直接人工成本dir labor變動制造費用變動

58、制造費用vohd材料用量差異材料用量差異muv材料成本差異材料成本差異material var人工及變動制造人工及變動制造費用差異費用差異labor & vohd var固定制造費用及固定制造費用及差異差異fohd & var管理費用管理費用sga 5151損益表損益表: 主要原理主要原理 - profit & loss: main principles凈收益net income財務(wù)收入及財務(wù)收入及財務(wù)費用財務(wù)費用 financial inc & exp所得稅及所得稅及遞延稅款遞延稅款incomes & deferred tax營業(yè)外項目營業(yè)外項目exc

59、eptional包括與以下情況相關(guān)的所有成本及收包括與以下情況相關(guān)的所有成本及收入入 include all costs and revenues linked to :w 財務(wù)利息費用及收入財務(wù)利息費用及收入, financial interests and revenuesw 匯兌損益匯兌損益, exchange differencesw 收到的股息收到的股息, dividends receivedw 等等等等, etcw注意注意: 財務(wù)費用應(yīng)該被包括在投標中財務(wù)費用應(yīng)該被包括在投標中 warning : financial costs should be included in tend

60、ers包括所有的稅負包括所有的稅負, 當期和遞延當期和遞延include all taxes, current and deferred不是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的不是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的, 除了非常事件并在得到管理部除了非常事件并在得到管理部門批準認可之后的項目外門批準認可之后的項目外is not to be used, except for extraordinary events and after agreement of the division5252損益表損益表: 主要原理主要原理 - profit & loss: main principles在損益表中的最后一行反映在損益表中的最后一行反映is the final line of the profit & lossw其金額為資產(chǎn)負債表的所有者權(quán)益部分其金額為資產(chǎn)負債表的所有者權(quán)益部分 this amount is reported in the equity in the balance sheet凈收益凈收益net income財務(wù)收入