初三英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)題-4頁

1、淺談初中英語虛擬語氣的用法 一 語氣的概念  英語動詞不僅有時態(tài)、語態(tài)等的變化，而且還有語氣的變化。語氣和時態(tài)、語態(tài)一樣都是英語的語法現(xiàn)象。 從形式上看，語氣是動詞的一種變化形式。 從意義上講，語氣是表示說話人對某一行為或某一事情的看法和態(tài)度。根據(jù)說話人 的意圖，語氣可分3種： 直陳語氣（又叫陳述語氣） 用來陳述事實（或提問題）等?？梢杂糜陉愂鼍?，也可以用于疑問句或感嘆句。     祈使語氣用來提出請求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。 虛擬語氣見下面。 

2、;語氣和時態(tài)是截然不同的概念，但語氣要通過動詞的時態(tài)形式表示出來。  二虛擬語氣       概念  通常是表示說話人所說的話不是一種事實，而是一種純粹的假設(shè)、虛擬、主觀愿望或建議等?？梢杂糜陉愂鼍?，也可以用于疑問句等。  動詞形式   虛擬語氣的動詞形式大多數(shù)情況是用動詞（相應(yīng)）的過去時（相對直陳語氣而言）。動詞be若用過去式時可以一律用were。   應(yīng)用    

3、        在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中的應(yīng)用。表示純粹的假設(shè)，或可能性很小的情況。主從句的謂語動詞主要形式如下： 從句 主句對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r假設(shè)時 過去式  would + 動詞原形 對過去的情況假設(shè)時had + done（過去完成時） would + have + done  例：1）If I were yo

4、u, Id wear a shirt and tie. 2）What would you do if you had a million dollars ?  3）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.&

5、#160; 4）If he hadnt been strict with himself, he wouldnt have made such progress.            在wish等賓語從句中的應(yīng)用。表示純粹的主觀愿望，不可能實現(xiàn)的，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性極小的情況。賓語從句謂語動詞根據(jù)具體情況?？捎靡话氵^去時，過去將來時或過去完成時等。例

6、如： 1）I wish that I could help him now.  我現(xiàn)在要是能幫上他該多好??！或我多么希望現(xiàn)在能幫上他！（言下之意：我現(xiàn)在幫不上他，沒能力幫助他）          2）I wish I could come here tomorrow.      

7、              明天我要是能來這兒就好了?。ㄑ韵轮猓何颐魈旄静豢赡軄磉@兒，或我明天能來這兒的可能性很小）          3）We wish he hadnt gone. 他要是沒有走該多好??！ 用在suggest等的賓語從句中，表是純粹的建議。 句型為：suggest(

8、ed) that  (should) + 動詞原形 （should可省略） 1）He suggests that we  (should) visit the museum. 2) We suggested that he _ here every day.    A. come  B. comes

9、  C. came   D. can come   E. could come 虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法1.省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had you asked me, I would have told you.    (=If you had asked me,)2.有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.

10、(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadnt helped me,)例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldnt have been so successfully. 過去 （=>可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If there hadnt been your advice, we ） Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認(rèn)的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to r

11、ead. 將來 (=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.) I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.過去 (=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he .) 3.     有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果從句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：If

12、 he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等動詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand,require, insist, urge, request, order,       +that(should )+動詞原形devide, ask

13、, move, propose等注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述動詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時，that 引導(dǎo)的從句仍用虛擬語氣。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是事實，也可用陳述語氣。He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：imperative,

14、 advisable,   動詞完成式It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that(should) +essential, strange,等動詞原形      It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法動詞過去式或were與現(xiàn)在事實相反主語+wish(that)+主語 +&

15、#160;  動詞過去完成式與過去事實相反助動詞過去試+動詞原形與將來事實相反I wish I were a pop singer.    (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching.   (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難

16、或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，如：   He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time t

17、hat+動詞過去式或should+動詞原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action.                         虛擬語氣專項練習(xí)題(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is

18、much faster.      A. be     B. was    C. were    D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they_speak with French accents.    A. don't    B. will not  

19、  C. mustn't    D. wouldn't(3) _today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?     A. Were we leaving        B. If we leave      C. Would we leave         

20、 D. Were we to leave(4). If Jone_tomorrow, what would you do?    A. were not to come         B. will not come  C. would not come      D. had not come(5). “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”“You mean to say_, yo

21、u would've helped her ?”   A. if she asked you        B. if she were to ask you  C.had she asked you       C. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them_.   &#

22、160;   A. might have died   B. might die   C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him, _to him?      A. would they have talked       B. would they talk     C.had they talked &#

23、160;            D. they would talk(8). If I lived in the city, I _travel in croweded buses, but I_to see lots of  films.       A. shall have to/shall be able     B. shall have to/am abl

24、e       C. would have to/were able      D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I_time.      A. had had    B. have had   C. had    D. would have had

25、(10). _I know it, I would have told you. A. Have    B. If    C. Had    D. Having(11). _your help, I would not have succeeded.      A. Because    B. Because of     C. But  

26、0; D. But for(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“Only that if he_ a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”      A. did not become           B. had not become      C. does not become    

27、;     D. has not become(13). “Why didn't you help him?”“I would have_ I didn't have the money.” A. still    B. but     C. otherwise     D. or(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.”   “I s

28、uggest Wang Hong_.”    A. goes     B. would go    C. go    D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we_television on week nights.      A. not watch        &#

29、160;      B. must not to watch   C. not be watching      D. have not watch(16). I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I_.   A. can     B. could    C. had     D. speak(17).

30、 “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I_ have to leave so soon.”    A. won't     B. don't    C. mustn't    D. didn't(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I don't know, but it's

31、 about time _on something.”      A. I'm deciding   B. I'll decide C. I decided   D. I'd decided(19). I'd rather you_ anything about it for the time being.    A. say     B. didn't say  

32、C. don't say    D. not say(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?”   “The teacher demands that everyone _in his seat at six.”     A. would be    B. can be     C. be    D. will be(21). He makes

33、a note of the assignment lest he_it.    A. forgets    B. forget    C. will forget    D. will not forget(22). “how does the librarian act?”“He acts as if he _a walking dictionary.”  A. were    B. be   

34、  C. is     D. has been(23). There is a law that drunken drivers_ severely punished.       A. were       B. are     C. be    D. will be(24). I wish you _interrupt when I'm

35、 talking on the phone.      A. will not    B. would not   C. do not   D. did not(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it _ him.      A. understands   B. understood   C. understand   D

36、. would understand(26). Jeff looked as if he _a ghost.  A. saw   B. has seen    C. had seen   D. would see(27). Give her my best regards, _.      A. should you see her today       B. if you

37、saw her today      C. if you would see her today      D. should you have seen her today(28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting_postponed for a week.     A. had been    B. would be  &#

38、160; C. was    D. should be(29). It is highly desirable that every effort_to reduce pollution in Bei jing.     A. was made   B. be made    C. will be made    D. would be made(30). The manager would rather that his wife_work i

39、n the same office as he dose.     A. does not     B. did not    C. would not    D. will not(31). The teacher insisted that we all_ back by two o'clock.     A. be      B. to be 

40、     C. would be      D. shall be(32). I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I _there.     A. went      B. was     C. were      D.had been(33). It is high time we_drug trafficking.(販毒)