現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、 Grammar Present Perfect Continuous Tense And Present Perfect Tense The Present Perfect Tense 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 基本用法基本用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表結(jié)果現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表結(jié)果, 他的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去他的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去, 但是對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響但是對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響, 而這種影響卻往往是而這種影響卻往往是說(shuō)話人的興趣所在?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)跨越兩個(gè)說(shuō)話人的興趣所在。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)跨越兩個(gè)時(shí)間時(shí)間, 一個(gè)是過(guò)去一個(gè)是過(guò)去, 另一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在。另一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在。e.g. 我從我從2007年起就學(xué)英語(yǔ)。年起就學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 I have studied

2、English since 2007. 我我 學(xué)英語(yǔ)已七年了。學(xué)英語(yǔ)已七年了。 I have studied English for seven years. 1. The teacher in the black jacket has left . 2. We have studied English . 3. Kung Weizheng has already finished the homework . 4. He has had his lunch . 5.I have seen the film of Titanic twice . 6.Most students have mad

3、e great progress in reading . 7.Mr Feng has just returned from Britain .Extension 11.We (study) English for about four years.2.We (live) in Houji Middle School since three months ago.3.The old man _（已經(jīng)死了）（已經(jīng)死了）for two years .5.Justin has been missing for two weeks.6. I havent seen Guo Yi these days.

4、Extension 2have studiedhave livedhas been deadPut the following sentences into English.1. A: 火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了. B: 什么時(shí)候開(kāi)走的什么時(shí)候開(kāi)走的? A: 半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開(kāi)走的半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開(kāi)走的.2. A: 這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了兩年了這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了兩年了. B: 你在哪兒買(mǎi)的你在哪兒買(mǎi)的? A: 在我老家買(mǎi)的在我老家買(mǎi)的.3. A: 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎你看過(guò)這部電影嗎? B: 看過(guò)看過(guò). A: 什么時(shí)候看的什么時(shí)候看的. B: 上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A: The train has le

5、ft.B: When did it leave.A: It left half an hour ago.A: have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it last Sunday.A: Ive had the book for 2years.B: Where did you buy it?A: I bought it in my hometown. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)含義：1.動(dòng)作自過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能還將持續(xù)下去； 2.動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)刻，可能剛

6、剛結(jié)束。 進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí) I am reading the book. 完成時(shí)完成時(shí) I have read the book. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I have been reading the book.現(xiàn)在正在讀現(xiàn)在正在讀已經(jīng)讀過(guò)已經(jīng)讀過(guò)過(guò)去到截至過(guò)去到截至說(shuō)話為止，說(shuō)話為止，一直在讀一直在讀1. 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)(“三合一三合一”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu))：1)肯定句肯定句: have/has been+V-ing （從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在）一直在做某事（從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在）一直在做某事我在這坐了一個(gè)下午了。我在這坐了一個(gè)下午了。 他弟弟十歲起就一直收集各種各樣的郵票。他弟弟十歲起就一直收集各種各樣的郵票。 I ha

7、ve been sitting here for the afternoon.His brother has been collecting stamps since he was 10.2)否定句否定句:have/has not been+V-ing 沒(méi)有一直在做某事沒(méi)有一直在做某事我一個(gè)星期沒(méi)有給花澆水了。我一個(gè)星期沒(méi)有給花澆水了。 這些年，他都沒(méi)有一直在這教書(shū)。這些年，他都沒(méi)有一直在這教書(shū)。I havent been watering the flowers for a week.He hasnt been teaching here these years.3)疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)句： Hav

8、e/Has+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+been+V-ing ?你一直在寫(xiě)一本小說(shuō)嗎？你一直在寫(xiě)一本小說(shuō)嗎？他一直給你寫(xiě)信嗎？他一直給你寫(xiě)信嗎？Have you been writing a novel?Has he been writing letters to you?wehave classes for 7 daysWe have been having classes for 7 days.hecry three hoursHe has been crying for three hours.The womantake a restall dayThe The womanwoman hasnt been

9、 taking a resthasnt been taking a rest all day.all day.itrainthese few daysIt It has been raininghas been raining these few days. these few days. Im tired because Ive been running. 我很累因?yàn)槲乙恢迸艿浆F(xiàn)在。我很累因?yàn)槲乙恢迸艿浆F(xiàn)在。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）對(duì)比：對(duì)比：Im tired because Ive run.我累了因?yàn)槲遗芰?。（?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已完成）我累了因?yàn)槲遗芰恕＃◤?qiáng)調(diào)

10、動(dòng)作已完成）2. 用法：用法： 1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始開(kāi)始一直在進(jìn)行并持續(xù)一直在進(jìn)行并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)這個(gè)動(dòng)作動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。剛剛結(jié)束，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。 I have been reading for 2 hours. I am still reading now. I have been reading for 2 hours.pastpresentfuture2.）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)

11、作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)中?，F(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)中。4） 表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作You have been saying that for five years. (這話你已經(jīng)說(shuō)了有五年了。）這話你已經(jīng)說(shuō)了有五年了。）3）和進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也往往帶有）和進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也往往帶有感情色彩（如贊揚(yáng)、厭惡等）。感情色彩（如贊揚(yáng)、厭惡等）。 What have you been doing all the time? (這半天你在干什么？）這半天你在干什么？） 3. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常 和和“for”或或“since”

12、所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I have been waiting for a letter from my parents for two days. 雨已經(jīng)下了三個(gè)小時(shí)雨已經(jīng)下了三個(gè)小時(shí)We have been studying here since 2004. 我這兩天來(lái)一直在等我父母的回信我這兩天來(lái)一直在等我父母的回信It has been raining for three hours. 我們自從我們自從2004年開(kāi)始一直在這里讀書(shū)。年開(kāi)始一直在這里讀書(shū)。 2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以于）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以于these few days, this week, all

13、the time， all night, all the morning, all ones life, during the night, recently等連用：等連用： Ive been writing letters all this morning. (我寫(xiě)了一上午的信。）我寫(xiě)了一上午的信。） I have been doing this all my life. (這個(gè)我做了一輩子啦。）這個(gè)我做了一輩子啦。） Recently he has been doing his work quite regularly. (近來(lái)他都按時(shí)做作業(yè)。）近來(lái)他都按時(shí)做作業(yè)。）1. Im sure

14、Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing2. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. workedDChas been

15、preparinghave been working3. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted4. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D

16、. is going to considerCBhave been paintinghas been considering 5. There is so much snow these days, isnt there? Yes, it _ for a few days. A. was snowing B. has been snowing C. had been snowing D. snowed6. Although these scientists _ on the project for nearly four years, I dont know how long it will

17、last. A. have been working B. had worked C. were working D. are working7. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _ in the mud all morning. A. has played B. is playing C. has been playing D. was playing 1. Judy: How long _(be) in Canada?Claude: I _(study) here for more than three years.

18、2. I_ (have) the same car for more than ten years. Im thinking about buying a new one.3. I _(love) chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a chocoholic.have you beenhave been studyinghave hadhave loved4. John _(work) for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until

19、recently, he _(enjoy) his work, but now he is talking about retiring.5. Lately, I _(think) about changing my career because I _(become) dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.6. I _(see) Judy for more than five years and during that time I_ (see) many changes in her personality. has been wor

20、kinghas enjoyedhave been thinkinghave becomehave been seeinghave seen1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)比較比較：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作動(dòng)作目前正在發(fā)生目前正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作在迄今為止的一段時(shí)動(dòng)作在迄今為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)延續(xù)進(jìn)行和目前延續(xù)進(jìn)行和目前還在進(jìn)行還在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行持續(xù)進(jìn)行2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較比較：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作已動(dòng)作已完成完成動(dòng)作在迄今為止

21、的一段時(shí)動(dòng)作在迄今為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)延續(xù)進(jìn)行和目前延續(xù)進(jìn)行和目前還在進(jìn)行還在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果或影響結(jié)果或影響強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行持續(xù)進(jìn)行1. 未完結(jié)性未完結(jié)性現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的最后的結(jié)果，表示動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的最后的結(jié)果，表示動(dòng)作已已經(jīng)結(jié)束、完成經(jīng)結(jié)束、完成；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身，表示動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身，表示動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有還沒(méi)有結(jié)束、完成結(jié)束、完成 (有延續(xù)性）有延續(xù)性）。 I have read this novel. (已讀完）已讀完） I have been reading this novel. (還在讀）還在讀） They have w

22、idened the road. (路加寬路加寬了了) They have been widening the road. (路路還在還在加寬加寬) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 2. 剛完結(jié)性的結(jié)果剛完結(jié)性的結(jié)果 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果（影響），動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果（影響），但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所表示的結(jié)果但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所表示的結(jié)果 是剛剛完是剛剛完成的動(dòng)作成的動(dòng)作的結(jié)果的結(jié)果 consequence ；（；（是是臨時(shí)臨時(shí)的的/直接的直接的) 而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的則是而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的則是最

23、后的結(jié)果最后的結(jié)果/長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)久的影響久的影響(result)。 （動(dòng)作可能剛結(jié)束，也可能（動(dòng)作可能剛結(jié)束，也可能早已結(jié)束早已結(jié)束） We have been cleaning the classroom. （a） We have cleaned the classroom（b）（a）“我們打掃教室來(lái)著。我們打掃教室來(lái)著。”表示教室剛剛打掃過(guò)，其表示教室剛剛打掃過(guò)，其目前直接的結(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰目前直接的結(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰; 或是我們很或是我們很累。累。（ b）“我們把教室打掃過(guò)了。我們把教室打掃過(guò)了。” 教室可能是昨天打掃教室可能是昨天打掃的，其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。的

24、，其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。 Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you been crying? 你的眼睛又紅又腫，你是不是哭來(lái)著？你的眼睛又紅又腫，你是不是哭來(lái)著？ （“哭哭”的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，它是眼睛又紅又腫的原因。的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，它是眼睛又紅又腫的原因。） Be careful! John has been painting the door.（a）John has painted the door（b）（a）句表示約翰）句表示約翰剛剛剛剛把門(mén)油漆過(guò)，現(xiàn)在油漆還未把門(mén)油漆過(guò)，現(xiàn)在油漆還未干，所以你要小心。干，所以你要小心。（b） 句油漆可能已干了

25、。句油漆可能已干了。 門(mén)看來(lái)很新門(mén)看來(lái)很新. 3. 感情色彩感情色彩Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.（a）Recently Mary has done her work regularly（b）（a）句顯然是在表?yè)P(yáng)瑪麗。）句顯然是在表?yè)P(yáng)瑪麗。（b）只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)。）只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)。 Whos been eating my apples?（a） Whos eaten my apples?（b）（a）句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿(mǎn)）句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿(mǎn);兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以有兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以有“蘋(píng)果未被全部吃蘋(píng)果未被全部

26、吃光光”的意思，的意思，（b）句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。）句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。 完成時(shí)態(tài)，說(shuō)明完成時(shí)態(tài)，說(shuō)明“蘋(píng)果一個(gè)不剩了蘋(píng)果一個(gè)不剩了”。 4. 重復(fù)性重復(fù)性現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)重復(fù)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。 Have you been meeting her lately？ (你近來(lái)你近來(lái)常常見(jiàn)到她嗎？見(jiàn)到她嗎？) Have you met her lately？ (你近來(lái)見(jiàn)到你近來(lái)見(jiàn)到過(guò)過(guò)她嗎？她嗎？) 5.習(xí)慣性，口語(yǔ)化習(xí)慣性，口語(yǔ)化 現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，特別是口語(yǔ)，有一種傾向，就是對(duì)于像sit, lie, wai

27、t, stay, look等這樣的動(dòng)詞，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更合乎習(xí)慣。例如： I have been sitting all afternoon. I have been waiting for you since morning. I have been staying in a hotel so far.比較：比較： I have been singing all afternoon. (口語(yǔ)傾向于用）口語(yǔ)傾向于用） I have sung all afternoon.6. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不適用于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般不適用于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（如（如know，以及，以及have

28、, find, understand, be 等等。 只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 自從孩提我們就認(rèn)識(shí)了。 Weve known each other since childhood.7. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，應(yīng)改用一般不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，應(yīng)改用現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： The road has been being repaired for months. 太笨重，應(yīng)改為： The road has been repaired for months.8. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(Non-Continuous Verbs )，如，如 finis

29、h, join，die 等，通常不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)等，通常不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。行時(shí)。 注意事項(xiàng)：有些動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞(如：如：work, study, live, teach等等)用現(xiàn)在完用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的意思差不多。試比成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的意思差不多。試比較：較： The teacher has been teaching at this school for ten years. 十年來(lái)，那位老師一直在這所學(xué)校教書(shū)。十年來(lái)，那位老師一直在這所學(xué)校教書(shū)。 The teacher has taught at this school for ten years. 那位老師在

30、這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)教了十年書(shū)了。那位老師在這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)教了十年書(shū)了。（2）一些表示靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞往往只能用在現(xiàn)在）一些表示靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞往往只能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。這樣的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。這樣的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有l(wèi)ie, stand, sit, wait, rain等。等。 She has been lying in bed for a week. (她已經(jīng)臥床一周了。）她已經(jīng)臥床一周了。） I have been waiting for you for two week. (我已經(jīng)等你兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。）我已經(jīng)等你兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。） Summary - Use （用途）（用途） 1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示現(xiàn)在

31、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響. . Im tired because Ive been running.2) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)中。中。 I have been reading for 2 hours. I am still reading now. 3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以和since, for+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間, these few days, all this time(這段時(shí)間這段時(shí)間 ), all along(始終始終,一直一直), all the time（一直）（一直）, all night, al