現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)ppt課件

1、Grammar and usagePresent perfect tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1；.結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定：結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定：have / has done 否定：否定：have / has not done 疑問(wèn)：疑問(wèn)：Has /Have + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + done 簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ): Yes, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定肯定) No, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt.(否定否定) 被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：has / have been done2；.注意：注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如如yesterday,last

2、week, three years ago 等等; 2)不能與不能與when連用連用 3).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用3；.用法一：表示用法一：表示 ( 不確定的不確定的) 過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或造成結(jié)果。過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或造成結(jié)果。 I have already lost the key. (我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有鑰匙我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有鑰匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解書(shū)的內(nèi)容不了解書(shū)的內(nèi)容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干凈的手是干凈的)常與常與alre

3、ady(已經(jīng)已經(jīng)), yet(已經(jīng)已經(jīng)), just(剛剛剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) never(從不從不) ，recently(最近最近), lately(近來(lái)近來(lái)) 等詞連用等詞連用. already: 常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句常用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句尾疑問(wèn)句尾. 4；.注意：注意：just: just: 剛剛，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用剛剛，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用just now: just now: 剛才，與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用剛才，與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用e.g. I have just bought a pen I bought a pen just now.5；.用法二用法二:表示

4、從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，只能用表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，只能用于某些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常與于某些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常與for,since,for,since,或和表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間的時(shí)間或和表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如狀語(yǔ)（如: so far, up to now, in the last few years/days: so far, up to now, in the last few years/days等）連用。等）連用。She has learned English for 5 years.He has l

5、ived in Beijing since he was born .Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?6；.since: (自自以來(lái)以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 從句從句She has taught English since he came here. for: (長(zhǎng)達(dá)）長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段He has kept the book for 2

6、 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 7；.用for 或since填空Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . My friends havent visited me _my birthday. We havent used our car _ a long time . She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years. T

7、om has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. forsinceforsinceforforsince8；.注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞在肯定句中不能與注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞在肯定句中不能與forfor，sincesince等表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用等表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。等。瞬間動(dòng)

8、詞也稱(chēng)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、終止性動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作瞬間動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、終止性動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如：open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,die,borrow, buy等。等。9；.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + + 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間注意：注意：1)Tom has studied Russian for three years.=Tom began to study Russian three years ago,and is st

9、ill studying it now.2)(錯(cuò)錯(cuò)) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.改為改為: Harry got married six years ago.或或 Harry has been married for six years.10；.誤誤I have received his letter for two days.正正I received his letter two days ag

10、o.I have had his letter for two days.It is two days since I received his letter.*瞬間動(dòng)詞在瞬間動(dòng)詞在否定句中否定句中則可以與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。則可以與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I havent received his letter for a long time.He hasnt married since he broke up with his girlfriend.11；.動(dòng)作動(dòng)作狀態(tài)狀態(tài)die be over leave arrive begin end/finish join marry

11、be away be here be on(上演） be married be in be dead由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換12；.1.have代替代替buy My brother has had(不能用不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用、用keep或或have代替代替borrow I have kept(不能用不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用、用be替代替代become How long has your sist

12、er been a teacher? 4、用、用have a cold代替代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用、用wear代替代替put on 13；.b)用用“be形容詞形容詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞代終止性動(dòng)詞 1、bemarried代代marry 2、beill代代fall (get) ill 4、beasleep代代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代代wake/wake up 7、beopen代代open 8、be closed代代close/shut 9、bemissin

13、g (gone, lost) 代代lose 14；.用法三：表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛剛完成。用法三：表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛剛完成。Now we have planted all the trees. He has turned off the light.Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children. A: “ Would you like something to eat ? ” B: “ No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.”15；.All of us have

14、heard this many times.I have visited Beijing three times.You dont need to describe her; I have met her several times.用法四：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一次或多次的動(dòng)作，一般漢語(yǔ)譯為用法四：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一次或多次的動(dòng)作，一般漢語(yǔ)譯為“過(guò)過(guò)”，常帶有，常帶有once，twice, threetimes等頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 16；.特殊句型：特殊句型： 1.It is + 時(shí)間段 since +一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。年了。 Nick 參軍參軍3年了年

15、了.他離開(kāi)深圳好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。他離開(kāi)深圳好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。這本書(shū)我已借了這本書(shū)我已借了4個(gè)月了個(gè)月了. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . 17；.句型二句型二: This/It is : This/It is the first/second 等序數(shù)詞等序數(shù)詞 time + that time + that 從句

16、從句( (謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在完成時(shí)) )Its the first time that Miss Liu has been to Taojiang.句型三：句型三：It/This/That is It/This/That is the the 最高級(jí)最高級(jí) + + 名詞名詞 that that 從句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成從句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）時(shí)）Its the best film that I have ever seen. 18；.have / has gone to & have / has been to 1. have / has been (to)表示表示

17、“去過(guò)某地去過(guò)某地 （現(xiàn)在已回來(lái)）（現(xiàn)在已回來(lái)）” 2. have / has gone to 表示表示“去某地了去某地了 （說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀ㄕf(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?“前者可與前者可與once, never, severaltimes等連用等連用,后者則不能后者則不能我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)三次意大利。我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)三次意大利。 I have been to Italy three times. 他去哈爾濱了。他去哈爾濱了。 He has gone to Harbin.Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shan

18、ghai for two months. /since two months ago.19；.Summary:用法一：用法一： ( ( 不確定的不確定的) ) 過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影 響或造成結(jié)果。響或造成結(jié)果。用法二用法二: :表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。用法三：過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛完成。用法三：過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛完成。用法四：過(guò)去發(fā)生的一次或多次的動(dòng)作。用法四：過(guò)去發(fā)生的一次或多次的動(dòng)作。用法五：用于某些特殊句型用法五：用于某些特殊句型2

19、0；.Practice：1. Can you give me the right answer? Sorry, I _ Would you please repeat that question? A. havent listened B. hadnt listenedC. dont listen D. wasnt listening 21；.2. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _ . have marked B. have been markedC. had marked D. had been mark

20、ed3.It seems that she is thinking about something. Yes, she can not remember what key she _ to her computer.set B. has set C. had set D. sets22；.4.Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.works B. is workingC. has worked D. worked5. He didnt give up the plan though he _many t

21、imes.would fail B. was failing C. had failed D. has failed23；.True or False: He has been to the shop. Hell be back soon.2. I havent received his letter for a long time.3. I have received his letter for two days.4. This is the most interesting book that I had read.5. He has bought the car last Friday

22、.gonehadhave 24；.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): : 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這一動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系, ,對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等, ,不能與表不能與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí): : 只著重說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，只著重說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，常與具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連常與具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。用。25；.Exercises:We _(study) English for about five years. We_ (begin) to st

23、udy it five years ago.2. They _(move) to the south in 1990 and _(live) there since then.3. Eric _(leave) home last year but now he _ (come) back.have studiedbeganmovedhave livedhas comeleft26；.1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will kno

24、w2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still27；. 3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written28；.5、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone .

25、come . arrived6、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began29；.7、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was8、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been30；.9、My parents _ Shandong for ten years

26、 . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been10、The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they31；.過(guò)去完成時(shí)32；.一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 概念：概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去” 那時(shí)以前那時(shí)以前 那時(shí)那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在33

27、；.構(gòu)成：過(guò)去完成時(shí)由構(gòu)成：過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞had +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中構(gòu)成，其中had通用于各種人稱(chēng)。通用于各種人稱(chēng)。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 34；.二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù)二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù) 1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間

28、狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： （ 1 ） by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 如：如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （2 ）by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 如：如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before +過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 如：如：They had planted six hundred trees before last W

29、ednesday35；.2. 由由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定。來(lái)判定。 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)，是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：用法常出現(xiàn)在： 1）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本原本，未能，未能 We had hope

30、d that you would come, but you didnt. 36；.2 ）賓語(yǔ)從句中 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 1.She said that she had seen the film before2.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，由于before 和 after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)

31、作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： 1.Where did you study before you came here? 2.After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 37；. 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，過(guò)去完

32、成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。如：。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在我醒來(lái)時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”）38；.2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或，只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如：某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a new book

33、. (had written 發(fā)生在發(fā)生在told 之前之前)3. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，它不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。過(guò)去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，它不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與此時(shí)多與already，yet ，still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞及等時(shí)間副詞及 by ，before ，until 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如：等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about fi

34、ve years. 39；.4. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如：一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）40；.5. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)也用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)也用于hardly.when.（剛（剛

35、就就） no sooner.than. （剛（剛就就）, It was the first time + that等一些固定句型中。等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他剛離開(kāi)房間，他們就議論起他來(lái)。他剛離開(kāi)房間，他們就議論起他來(lái)。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我們剛開(kāi)始就被叫停。我們剛開(kāi)始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in suc

36、h a tune.他用這樣的語(yǔ)調(diào)跟我講話，這是第一次。他用這樣的語(yǔ)調(diào)跟我講話，這是第一次。41；.四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或

37、某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較：相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。42；.五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)

38、注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較：去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 43；.2. 在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷：先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則

39、用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：上下文來(lái)判斷：先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 44；.Present perfect continuous tense現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)45；. 1.The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesnt someone answer

40、 it?電話響了差不多一分鐘電話響了差不多一分鐘, , 為什么沒(méi)人接為什么沒(méi)人接? ? 2. The weather has been changeable lately; Ive been having a lot of colds.最近天氣變化無(wú)常最近天氣變化無(wú)常, , 我時(shí)常感冒。我時(shí)常感冒。46；.n用法一：用法一：從以前到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，可能仍在進(jìn)行，也可能從以前到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，可能仍在進(jìn)行，也可能已停止。已停止。47；.用法二：表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)剛結(jié)束。用法二：表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)剛結(jié)束。Whe

41、re have you been?We have been looking for you everywhere.48；.用法三：表示過(guò)去剛剛完成的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系或影響。用法三：表示過(guò)去剛剛完成的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系或影響。1. Ive been typing letters all day. （I am very tired. ） 一整天都在打信件。（我太累了。）一整天都在打信件。（我太累了。）2. Susan has been crying. （Susans eyes are red.） 蘇姍一直在哭。（眼睛都哭紅了。）蘇姍一直在哭。（眼睛都哭紅了。）49；.Practice:How I wish I could bring some laughter to my students who _ so hard.will work B. had worked C. have been wor