專業(yè)英語PPT-Tibet_Railway青藏鐵路

1、 After six years construction, theQinghaiTibetRailroad was completed in 2006 and it has been successfully operational for two years. QTR crosses about 632km of permafrost regions. A large fraction of the permafrost region is warm, ice-rich permafrost, which makes it much more difficult to construct

2、any infrastructure system on it. Permafrost scientists and engineers have utilized the state-of the-art technology to actively cool the permafrost under the railroad embankment and to ensure stability of railroad embankment. For the first time, a crushed rock layer was used to cool the permafrost un

3、der the embankment in such a huge project. This paper provides an overview of these measures used to cool the permafrost and discusses potential long-term problems. Although theQinghaiTibetRailroad is referred as a “green” project, potential long-term environmental impacts should not be underestimat

4、ed. The QinghaiTibet Railroad was built from 2001 to 2006. It stretches 1,956 kilometers from Xining to Lhasa. About 960 kilometers is located 4,000 meters above sea level.The highest point is 5,072 meters. At least 200 meters higher than the Peruvian railway in the Andes, the former worlds highest

5、track. To drive seven tunnels through the rugged slopes. To raise 675 bridges over valleys and rivers.140,000 workers and 2000 medicsstruggled for 5 years to complete the highest, most extreme railway in the world!The map of The Qinghai-Tibet Railway The railway project has raised serious concerns a

6、bout its possible environmental consequences because the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, covering more than 360,000 km, is a unique and fragile high-altitude ecosystem . The mean annual temperature of the plateau ranges between 4C and 6C, and the aver-age altitude is 4000 m. The railway planners developed a

7、“green policy” that emphasized protection of soils, vegetation, animals, and water resources .An Environment-Friendly Railway Locations where earth was removed and construction sites were placed were carefully selected. Vegetation was then removed from these sites and was restored after the work was

8、 complete. Where possible, the railway path was directed around sensitive natural zones, and construction work was confined to the smallest possible area surrounding the railway. Planners detoured around wetlands and lakes wherever possible, and when this was not possible, they built bridges rather

9、than surface routes to minimize the impact. 哪里的土壤易移動以及建筑工地的選址需要仔細(xì)選擇。植被先從這些地方移開，哪里的土壤易移動以及建筑工地的選址需要仔細(xì)選擇。植被先從這些地方移開，等工作完成之后再恢復(fù)回去。有可能的話，鐵路線直接從敏感自然區(qū)域周圍通過，等工作完成之后再恢復(fù)回去。有可能的話，鐵路線直接從敏感自然區(qū)域周圍通過，建筑工作被限制在線路周圍盡可能小的區(qū)域。設(shè)計(jì)者盡可能使線路繞開濕地和湖建筑工作被限制在線路周圍盡可能小的區(qū)域。設(shè)計(jì)者盡可能使線路繞開濕地和湖泊，當(dāng)實(shí)在不行的時(shí)候，他們寧愿架設(shè)橋梁而不在他們表面修路以使影響最小化。泊，當(dāng)實(shí)在不行的

10、時(shí)候，他們寧愿架設(shè)橋梁而不在他們表面修路以使影響最小化。In addition, planners established five nature reserves along the route Kekexili(Hoh Xil), Qinghai Sanjiangyuan, Chang Tang, Lin-chou Pengbo, and La-lu, and six more are planned . In these reserves, a large number of endangered species such as the Tibetan antelope and blac

11、k-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) live. To protect animals and plants, additional bridges and passages for animals will be built in sections of the railway that go through the reserves.此外，規(guī)劃者在沿線可可西里、青海三江源、長塘、林州、彭泊和拉魯建立了五個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)，還有六個(gè)正在規(guī)劃中。在這些自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)生活著一大批瀕危物種例如藏羚羊和黑頂鶴。為了保護(hù)動物和植物，將在通過這些保護(hù)區(qū)的路段建立額外的橋梁和動物通道

12、。The Tibet Autonomous Regions tourism administration estimated that an additional 3,000 to 4,000 tourists would arrive in Tibet daily once the Qinghai-Tibet Railway begins operation.Local tourist destinations have taken measures to ensure precious cultural relicsdont sufferfromthe increased numbers.The Potala Palace in Lhasa will restrictthe number of daily visitors to 1,800.Liao Lisheng, an official with the Tibetan tourism administration, sai