(完整版)初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)

1、名詞一、 名詞分類：名詞分為 普通名詞 和專有名詞普通名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱，又可分為個(gè)體名詞，如boy, house, i nsect, tiger 等；物質(zhì)名詞，女口 air, snow, bread, rice 等；扌由象名詞，女口 glory, honesty, failure, education 等。 專有名詞：表示個(gè)人、國(guó)家、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名稱，如Che ng Du, Chi na, Obama,China Central Television 等。名詞的兩大考點(diǎn)：數(shù)與格二、 名詞的數(shù)1.普通名詞： 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞（1）可數(shù)名詞：包括個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞個(gè)體

2、名詞：表示個(gè)體的人或事物名稱的詞。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每個(gè)可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。A. 單數(shù)表示一個(gè)”的概念。用名詞的單數(shù)時(shí)，名詞前需加a 或 an。女口 a book （一本書）、an apple （一個(gè)蘋果）、an orange （個(gè)橘子）等。B. 復(fù)數(shù)表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的物體。如 two pencils （兩枝鉛筆）、three weeks （三周）等。 集合名詞： 表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞。如：people, family, class, furniture復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成有兩種：規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成。

3、 規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成詞形復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法例詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-S。（在清輔音后讀s,在濁輔音及兀音后讀z。）catcatsbook-booksdogdogsbagbagsboy- boys以 s、x、ch、sh 結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-es，讀作iz。glassglassesmatchmatches以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞把 y 變成 i ,力口 -es,讀作izcitycities但專有名詞例外，直接在 y 后加-s,讀作zCan adia nCan adia nsAmerica nAmerica ns以輔音字母 +o 結(jié)尾的名詞一般直接加-es 讀作z;tomatotomatoesp

4、otatopotatoes某些詞例外，加-skilo-kilos, pia nopia nos, photophotos以兀音字母+o 結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s,但讀作zzoozoosradioradios以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞有的直接加 -s,讀作zroofroofs大多數(shù)要將 f 或 fe 變?yōu)?v,再加-es,讀作zleafleaveswifewiveskni fe k nives yourself-yourselves不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)例詞通過改變?cè)~內(nèi)元音字母manmenfootfeettoothteeth mousemice （老鼠）通過在詞尾加-en 或-

5、renoxoxen （牛） childchildren單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同a sheep two sheepa deertwo deer （鹿）a Chinesetwo Chinese （中國(guó)人）注意事項(xiàng)：只能用于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有:clothes, trousers, pan ts, shoes, socks單數(shù)名詞用于復(fù)數(shù)含義：people, public, police特殊名詞的講解：people 作“人們，人民”解時(shí)，只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞作復(fù)數(shù)。作“民族”解時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)不同，復(fù)數(shù)要在詞尾加S。There _are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。There a

6、re fifty-six peoples in our coun try.我們國(guó)家有 56 個(gè)民族。clothes 等屬于無單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語作復(fù)數(shù)。例： My favorite clothes are pants.pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts scissors 等名詞，由兩部分構(gòu)成，常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。要表示單數(shù)常用a pair of 表示，此時(shí)如作主語，謂語要作單數(shù)看待。例: Your pants are blue. This pair of pants gmine.集體名詞看作整體時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)；指成員時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。His fam

7、ily is a large family. 指整體His family likean imals. 指成員有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同：例：hair 和 fruit 通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。My hair is black.我的頭發(fā)是黑色的。I like fruit .It s goo 我喜歡 you 果，水果對(duì)你的身體有好處。但如果表示若干根頭發(fā)或各種水果，則需用復(fù)數(shù)形式Homer Simps on has three hairs.辛普森有三根頭發(fā)。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits.他喜歡梨，桃和其它水果。不可數(shù)名詞：包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞

8、： 表示無法分為個(gè)體的名詞。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名詞： 表示狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)，動(dòng)作，感情等抽象概念的名詞。如：health, happ in ess, help注意事項(xiàng)：1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)變化，不能與 a/an 或表示具體數(shù)量的詞直接連用。這些名詞前往往加some, any, no, a little 等詞。女口 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk2. 當(dāng)需要表達(dá)名詞的單位的量時(shí)候就要用：數(shù)詞+量詞+Of+名詞 來表述。用量詞修飾時(shí)，首先要注意量詞的單復(fù)數(shù);然后要注意名詞是否可數(shù)，不可數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù)，可數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)，如:

9、one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples.對(duì)量詞的提問句型對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many ;對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提冋要用how much，但對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時(shí)要用how many。如：I would like twoapples. How many apples would you like?I want some bread. How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water.How many g

10、lasses of water do you want ? 詢問價(jià)格用 How much，女口：How much is the coat? How much are the coats?二.名詞的所有格所有格的構(gòu)成 ： 1. 有生命的名詞 2. 無生命的名詞有生命的名詞（ 1）一般單數(shù)名詞后加 s.如： my brothers book ， Jacks cat， the girls pen（2）以-s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，只需在名詞右上方加。如： the girls dormitory ， a teachers college注意：在不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后，要加s.如：womens clothe

11、s.（ 3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個(gè)人共有，在后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加 s，如： Tom and Peters room 湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）（ 4） 如果一樣?xùn)|西不是共有的，兩個(gè)名詞都要加 s.如： Toms and Peters rooms 湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）無生命名詞：無生命的名詞的所有格，通常用“of 名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。如：the windows of the room （房間的窗戶）a picture of the horse（一張馬的照片）名詞習(xí)題寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：2. it _5. bag _8. family _3. zoo _6. exercise _9. bus

12、 _1. house _4. orange _7. brush _10. city _11. box _12. baby _13. class _14. factory _15. glass _16. dictionary _17. watch _18. woman _19. match _20. man _21. this_22. German _23. tomato _24. policeman _25. kilo _26. human _27. potato _28. Chinese _29. shelf _30. Japanese _31. leaf _32. American _33

13、. life _34. tooth _35. wife _36. foot _37. knife _38. sheep _39. half _40. child _41.tooth _42.mouth_二選擇填空：1. I want to buy _.A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. twobottles of inks2. They don t have to do_ today.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksC. many homeworkDmuch home

14、works3. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepDcow, sheeps4. June 1 is _ .A. children s dayB. children s DayC. Children s DayDChildren s day5. _ room is next to their parents .A. Kate s and Joan s B. Kate s and JoanC. Kate and Joan sDKate and Joan6. M

15、iss Green is a friend of _A. Mary s mother sB. Mary s motherC. Mary mother sDmother s of Mary7. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isDare, are8. I d like to have a glass of milk and _.A. two breadsB. two pieces of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread9. Many _

16、 are singing over there.child10. He boughtA. two pairs of shoesC. two pairs of shoe11. Mr. White has threeD. childrenssheeps, cowsD. bread14. - Whose room is this? - It D. Li Mings some tomato16. Here are some birthday cards with our bestD. hopesD. gardenroom is on the 5th floor.and Lily s19. Mum, I

17、 m quite thirsty. Please give meA. womanB. womenC. girlD.A. two orangeB. two bottle ofB. two pair of shoesD. two pair of shoeA. childB. childrenC.childs12. -Are these? - No, they aren t. TheyreA.sheep, cowsB. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cowD.13. There are manyin the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsA. Li MingB

18、. Li MingC. Li Mings15. Here arefor you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD.for her.A. wishB. hopeC. wishes17. I always go to thatto buy food on Sunday.A. shopB. parkC. zoo18.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and LilysC. Lucy s and LilyD. Lucy sorangesC. two bottles of orangeoranges20. 10. The ca

19、t caught two _ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseDmices21. I met some _ _ in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JanpanesesB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English22. There are two _ in the room.A. shelfB. shelfsC. shelfesD.shelves23. There are seven _ in a week.A. yearsB. monthsC. daysD.minutes

20、24. My father is a _ _. He works in a hospital.A. teacherB. doctorC. farmerD.writer25. - Excuse me, are you _ ? - Yes, Im from _Mary and KateD. two bottles ofA. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD. American,26. They are _ jackets.A. LucysB. Lucy27. What color is _ coat.A. PetersB. P

21、eter28. These are _ books.A. teacherssB. teachers29. They are _ ice creamsA. childrenB. childrens30. This is _ bag.A. Tom and PeterB.Toms and Peters31. Where are _ .32. Those are _ bags.s studentsB. students of the schoolA. driverssB. drivers33.This bag is _A. Marys and Toms B. Mary and Toms34.fathe

22、rs are coming.A. Marysand KatesB. Marysand Kate C.America35._ Howare these books? A. many B. much36. This pair of pants _ blue. I like _ very much. A. is, it B. are, them C. is, themD. are, it37._Howglasses of water do you want? A. many B.much38. This is _ .A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bike

23、 C. Mikes and Jims bikeD. Mike and Jimbike39. These are _ .A. Amy and Linglings roomB. Amy s and Linglings roomC. Amy s and Lingling s roDo.mAsmy and Lingling s room40. My _ _ big and my _ _ happy. A. family is family areB. familyis families are三根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I have a lot of _ to do. (homework)2

24、. There are seven _ in a week. (day)3. How many _ can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _. (glass)5. There are five _ in the picture. (child )6. There are two_ over there ( bench)7. I like taking _ ( photo)8. l can see two_ standing there ( woman)9. There are two baskets of_ on the f

25、loor ( apple)10._ There are three( knife )11. How many_ (sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some_ (food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.15. There are five_ (people ) in his family.16. Lets take_ (photo), OK?17. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The_(child) are playing games on the