高中英語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞精講及練習(xí)

1、系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞一、 動(dòng)詞概述表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞?？梢苑譃橐韵滤念?lèi)：類(lèi)別例句使用特點(diǎn)行為動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞Love, make后跟賓語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞Go, rise后不跟賓語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞Be, look后跟表語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞Be, have, do, shall, will, did本身沒(méi)有詞義，后跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句或否定句等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can, may, mist本身有詞義，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)二、 連系動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞亦稱(chēng)連系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb），作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)（亦稱(chēng)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。系動(dòng)詞后不可接副詞，

2、接的是形容詞。大致分七種1狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。（is與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份。）2持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。 3表像系動(dòng)詞 用來(lái)表示"看起來(lái)像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He loo

3、ks tired. 他看起來(lái)很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來(lái)很傷心。 4感官系動(dòng)詞 感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。 This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來(lái)很香。 5變化系動(dòng)詞 這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that.

4、自那之后，他瘋了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。 6終止系動(dòng)詞 表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)"證實(shí)"，"變成"之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。 His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）7使役動(dòng)詞：let,have,make 使，讓Let /make somebody

5、do sthThe teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.Make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.Have somebody do sth 讓某人做某事Have sth done 讓某物被My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.有些動(dòng)詞它們既可以用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，又可以用作連系動(dòng)詞。另外be還可用作助動(dòng)詞。它們的用法不同，詞義和句型結(jié)

6、構(gòu)也有所不同。例如：Look at the blackboard, please.請(qǐng)看黑板。(look用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞) He looks a little tired.他略顯疲倦。(look用作連系動(dòng)詞) They are at work.他們?cè)诠ぷ鳌?are用作連系動(dòng)詞) They are working.他們正在工作。(are用作助動(dòng)詞，幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)) 三、 助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱(chēng)作主要?jiǎng)釉~（Main Verb）。構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài)。 助動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法功能詞，自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，它沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的漢譯，例如： He do

7、esn't like English. 他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。 （doesn't是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義)1、助動(dòng)詞be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法（1） be后跟現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Who is playing the violin?誰(shuí)在拉小提琴？She was reading a book then.那時(shí)她正在讀書(shū)。（2）be后跟過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。He was asked to do the work.有人要他干這件工作。You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀

8、請(qǐng)你參加會(huì)議。（3）be 后跟不定式作謂語(yǔ)，有如下幾種情況：表示計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事。Who are we to meet?我們要見(jiàn)誰(shuí)呀？I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要與約翰一起吃晚飯。表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必須去見(jiàn)校長(zhǎng)。You are not to enter the room without permission.未經(jīng)允許你不能進(jìn)入房間。表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，同should。You are to be back before 5.

9、你得在5點(diǎn)鐘以前回來(lái)。What is to be done?該干什么。表示可能性，與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, can同義。Such books are to be found in any library.這種書(shū)任何圖書(shū)館都有。Not a sound was to be heard.一點(diǎn)聲響也沒(méi)有。表示后來(lái)發(fā)生的事，可以用來(lái)表示命運(yùn)或注定They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他們告別了，沒(méi)想到再也不能相見(jiàn)了。He was to regret the decision.他有一天會(huì)后悔做出這一決定的。用于習(xí)

10、語(yǔ)Where am I to go? 我該向何處去？What am I to do? 我該怎么辦？2、助動(dòng)詞have(has, had, having)的用法（1）助動(dòng)詞have可以構(gòu)成完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)He has been a doctor for 10 years.他當(dāng)醫(yī)生十年了。This is the place I have been longing to visit.這就是我一直渴望參觀的地方。（2）和不定式構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示客觀上不得不做的事情。We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我們己

11、經(jīng)誤了火車(chē)，我們只能等下一列。-Do we have to start work?我們得立刻工作嗎？-No. We don't have to.不，不必了。3、do(does, did) 的用法（1）構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句或否定句How did you know about it?你是怎樣知道這件事的。He does not smoke. 他不抽煙。（2）加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。He did tell that.他的確告訴了此事。Do come and see us.一定來(lái)看我們。（3）代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，避免重復(fù)。-You like popular music, don't you?你喜歡流行音樂(lè)，

12、是吧？-Yes , I do.是的，我喜歡。He speaks French as fluently as she does.他講法語(yǔ)和她講的一樣流利。（4）用于倒裝句中。Never did he pay attention to my words.他從不注意我的話(huà)。Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那時(shí)，我才了解到英語(yǔ)的重要性。（5）構(gòu)成否定的祈使句。Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。Do not hesitate to come for help.只管來(lái)求助。4. 助動(dòng)詞shall和w

13、ill的用法shall和will作為助動(dòng)詞可以與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)，例如： I shall study harder at English.我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。 說(shuō)明： 在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)法中，語(yǔ)法學(xué)家說(shuō)shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，will 只用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)。現(xiàn)在，尤其是在口語(yǔ)中，will常用于第一人稱(chēng)，但shall只用于第一人稱(chēng)，如用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)，就失去助動(dòng)詞的意義，已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞，試比較: He shall come.他必須來(lái)。（shall有命令的意味。） He will come.他要來(lái)。（will只與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一般將

14、來(lái)時(shí)。） shall在疑問(wèn)句中,用于第一,第三人稱(chēng),征求對(duì)方意愿 shall I turn on the light? 要開(kāi)燈嗎?( 我把燈打開(kāi)好嗎?) shall he come to see you? 他要不要來(lái)看你 (比較: will he come to see you? 他會(huì)不會(huì)來(lái)看你) shall 用在陳述句, 與第二第三人稱(chēng)連用, 變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞 表示允諾,命令,警告,和說(shuō)話(huà)人的決心等5.助動(dòng)詞should,would的用法1）should無(wú)詞義，只是shall的過(guò)去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，只用于第一人稱(chēng)，例如： I telephoned him yesterday to

15、ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話(huà)，問(wèn)他我下周干什么。 比較： "What shall I do next week?"I asked. "我下周干什么？"我問(wèn)道。（可以說(shuō)，shall變成直接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，變成了should。） 2） would也無(wú)詞義，是will的過(guò)去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)，例如： He said he would come.他說(shuō)他要來(lái)。 比較： "I will go," he said. 他說(shuō)："我要去那兒。" 變成間接引語(yǔ)，

16、就成了： He said he would come. 原來(lái)的will變成would，go變成了come.。過(guò)去式從原來(lái)的go變?yōu)閏ame。 系動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1. What is Mr Wang like? _.A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kindC. He looks like a balloon D. He likes English2. What Mr White said sounds_.A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely3. The poor boy _ blind at th

17、e age of three.A. turned B. goes C. became D. went4. When he was a child he_ .A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true5. His voice_ as if he has a cold.A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems6. This shirt_ as if it is made of cotton.A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems7. He looks _ he hadnt

18、 had a good meal for a monthA. that B. as if C. when D. so far8. It _that he was late for the train.A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems9. These apples taste_.A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good10. Do you like the shirt? Yes, it _ very soft.A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt11. The mome

19、nt Mr Zhang went to bed, he_ asleepA. kept B. got C. fell D. fall12. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark.A. going B. getting C. running D. coming13. Their plan _ to be a perfect one.A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving14. The flowers in the garden _ sweet.A. sound B. taste C. becom

20、e D. smell15. She_ like her mother in character.A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels16. It_ another fine day tomorrow.A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks17. He _ much younger than he really is.A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns18. You_ very pale. Do you feel sick?A. looked B. look C. looking D

21、. are looked19. His wish to become a driver has _true.A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown20. Her father _a writer.A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become助動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 1.If it is fine tomorrow, we _ a football match. a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has 2.When he was at school, he _ early and

22、take a walk before breakfast. a. will rise b. shall rise c. should rise d.would rise 3.In the past 30 years China _ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. a. has made b. have made c. had made d. having made 4.I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work. a. dont/had b. di

23、dnt/have c. didnt/had d. dont/have 5._ you think he _ back by dinner time? a. Do/have come b. Did/will have come c. Does/will come d. Do/will have come 6.He said that he dropped his bag when he _ for the bus. a. was runing b. was running c. were running d. is running 7.No sooner _ he arrived home th

24、an he _ to start on another journey. a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked 8.“_ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel. a. Should b. Can c. Might d. May 9.There are nine of them, so _ get into the car at the same time. a. they may not at al

25、l b. all they may not c. they cant all d. all they cant 10.“We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He _ it.” a. mustnt attend b. cannot have attended c. would have not attended d. neednt have attended 11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, dont you?” “No, officer. I _. This car cant

26、 do more than 80.” a. didnt need to be b. may not have been c. couldnt have been d. neednt have been 12.he was a good runner so he _ escape from the police. a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able to 13.If they _, our plan will fall flat. a.are co-operating b. had not co-operated c. wont co-op

27、erate d. didnt co-operate 14.I hoped _ my letter. a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answers d. her answering 15.He _ live in the country than in the city. a. prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather 16._ to see a film with us today? a. Did you like b. Would you like c. W

28、ill you like d. Have you liked 17.Im sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _ what I did. a. must do b. had to do c. ought to have done d. have to do 18.“Time is running out,_?” a. hadnt we better got start b. hadnt we better get start b. hadnt we better get started d. hadnt we better not started

29、 19.No one _ that to his face. a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say 20.The students in the classroom _ not to make so much noise. a. need b. ought c. must d. dare 21.You _ last week if you were really serious about your work. a. ought to come b. ought to be coming c. ought have co

30、me d. ought to have come 22.The elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers. a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed 23.“I wonder why theyre late.” “They _ the train.” a. can have missed b. could miss c. may have missed d. might miss 24.“Tom graduated from college at a very young

31、age.” “He _ have been an outstanding student.” a. must b. could c. should d. might 25.You _ the examination again since you had already passed it. a. neednt have taken b. didnt need to take c. neednt take d. mustnt take 26.He is really incompetent! The letter _ yesterday. a. should be finished typin

32、g b. must be finished typing c. must have finished typing d. should have been finished typing 27.The boy told his father that he would rather _ an astronaut. a. become b. to become c. becoming d. became 28.When we reached the station, the train had still not arrived; so we _. a. needed not to hurry

33、b. neednt have hurried c.need not to have hurried d. didnt need to hurry 29.Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend,_ you like to have dinner with us tonight? a. will b. wont c. wouldnt d. do 30.He was afraid what he had done _ a disastrous effect on his career. a. might have b. coul

34、d be c. have been d. shall be 31.He _ hardly say anything more, since you know about it. a. dont need to b. neednt c. needs d. need 32.You _ the look on his face when he won the prize. a. would have seen b. should have seen c. must see d. can be seeing 33.Some people think the stock market will cras

35、h, but _. a. I wonder if it happens b. I doubt if it will happen c. I am afraid it wouldnt happen d. I doubt if it does happen 34.“Whatever has happened to George?” “I dont know. He _ lost.” a. can have got b. may have got c. might get d. could get 35.He has no idea what the book is about. He _read

36、the book. a. couldnt b. couldnt have c. mightnt have d. shouldnt have 36.New studies show that two of Saturns rings _ longer than the 4.5 billion years since the birth of the Solar System. a. could have lasted b. should have lasted c. would have lasted d. must be lasting 37.Take the telescope with y

37、ou in case you _ it in your expedition. a. will need b. would need c. should need d. could need 38.Need he come at once? Yes, he _. a. must b. must not c. need d. may 39.Please answer the phone. It _ be by your father. If it is, would you tell that I want to see him? a. will b. should c. would d. co

38、uld 40.Well never give in whatever they _ say or do. a. may b. will c. shall d. should 41.With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night. a. mustnt go b. wouldnt go c. oughtnt go d. shouldnt have gone 42.Everyone _ the cake because there wasnt even a small piece left. a. must like b. must

39、 have liked c. must have been liking d. had liked 43.I wish to recollect where I met her, _? a. would I b. may I c. may not I d. can I 44.I _ think he will _ dare the risk. a. not/ . b. do/not c. ./not d. dont/. 45.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it _ be active. a. may n

40、ot b. must c. might d. is not 46.You _ your seats today if you want to go to the game. a. had better to reserve b. had better reserve c. had to better reserve d. had to reserve better 47.I _ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. a. would rather not have b. would not rather had c. rather w

41、ould not have d. rather not would have 48.Many scientists _ their own eyes and ears than the theories of the ancients. a. would rather to believe b. would rather believe c. rather would believe d. will rather believe 49.To travel from England to Scotland you _ a passport. a. havent got b. mustnt hav

42、e c. neednt d. dont need 50.One of the statements _ to be untrue. a. is turned out b. has turned out c. have been turned out d. have turned out 51.I dont know whether it will rain or not, but if it _ rain, I shall stay at home. a. will b. did c. does d. shall 52.“Youd like some tea,_?” a. wouldnt yo

43、u b. shouldnt you c. hadnt you d. didnt you 53.“May we take the books out?” a. No, you may not b. No, you can not c. No, you cant d. Please dont 54.“I would have come sooner, but I _ that you were waiting.” a. didnt know b. hasnt known c. hadnt know d. havent known 55.If you dont want to, you _ to g

44、et there with us. a. mustnt b. cant c. dont have d. have not 56.I would go to visit them but I _ think they are anxious to see me. a. havent b. dont c. doesnt d. didnt 57.Whatever you can do,_. a. I can do so as well b. I can do this as well c.I can do it as well d. I can do as well 58._ I realized

45、the consequences I would never have contemplated getting involved. a. Had b. Have c. Having d. Has 59.“Perhaps she is working for John.” “Yes, she _ for him.” a.need have been working b. may be working c.ought have been working d. ought be working 60.“I know she was in because I heard her radio, but

46、 she didnt open the door.” “She _ the bell.” a. may not be hearing b. may not have heard c.must not have heard d. must not be hearing 61. “He was smoking.” “Then he _ .” a.ought to have been not smoking b. ought to have not been smoking c.ought not to have been smoking d. ought to not have been smok

47、ing 62.You _ out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold. a. oughtnt have gone b. shouldnt have gone c. mustnt have gone d. cant have gone 63.“Paul was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a lorry.” “He _ a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not all

48、owed.” a. shouldnt have been riding b. couldnt have been riding c.oughtnt have been riding d. cant have been riding 64.I am listening. But you _. a. need be listening b. should be listening c. need have been listening d. ought be listening 65.He _ with us last night. a.would have liked to go b. shou

49、ld like to be going c.should be liked to go d. would like to go 66.I _ his face when he opened the letter. a. should like you to see b. would have liked you to be seen c.should like you to have seen d. would like you to see 67.You say you _ do it, but I say you _ do it. a. ought not/could b. will no

50、t/shall c. could not/need d. shall not/ought 68.We _ put the meeting off for a week. a. can as well b. will as well c. shall as well d. may as well 69._ wind your watch every day? a. Do you need b. Must you have to c. Have you to d. Do you have to 70._ give him a chance to try? a. Oughtnt to we b. O

51、ughtnt we to c. Ought to we not d. Oughtnt we 71.“Did you blame him for his mistakes?” “_” a. Id rather not do b. Id not rather do c. Id better not do d. Id rather not doing 72.You had better _ your hair cut. a. had b. have c. to get d. to have 73.My sister didnt go to the party last night because s

52、he _ the baby for her friend until 9:30. a.must have looked after b. would have to look after c.had to look after d. should have looked after 74.Mary is very late, she _. a.may miss her train b. may have missed her train c.must miss her train d. could miss her train 75.No matter what you may say, he _ to his own views. a.would always stick b. will always stick c. should always stick d. must always stick to 76.I