初中英語單詞用法常見錯(cuò)誤辨析大全

1、初中英語單詞用法常見錯(cuò)誤例析大全a誤 I think it is an useful English dictionary.正 I think it is a useful English dictionary.析 在不定冠詞 a 與 an 的用法中要注意的一點(diǎn)是：an 用在以元音開頭的詞之前；而 a 則用在以輔音開頭的詞之前。要特別注意的是以 u 字母打頭的單詞，如 useful,university 等，其第一個(gè)音標(biāo)是j，所以要特別予以注意。誤 I need a hour to finish this letter.正 I need an hour to finish this lette

2、r.析 要注意 hour 和 honest 的第一個(gè)字母不發(fā)音。誤 My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.正 My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.析 要注意以 u 打頭的單詞，它的發(fā)音為時(shí)，單數(shù)名詞前要用 an，如 uncle 等。誤 There is a“f”in the word“football”.正 There is an“f”in the word“football”.析 英文字母單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，如其第一個(gè)發(fā)音是元音時(shí)，其前面的不定冠詞應(yīng)該用

3、 an 而不是 a.誤 I have a little brother. He is a 8 year old boy.正 I have a little brother. He is an 8 year old boy.析 要注意這些字母的第一個(gè)發(fā)音為元音，如 eight, eleven 等。able誤 This bike is able to be repaired.正 This bike can be repaired.析 be able to 主 要表達(dá)某事或某人具有某種能力去作某事，應(yīng)譯為“有本領(lǐng)”、“有能力”、“可以”作某事， 如：I'm able to swim acro

4、ss this river. 而 can 可以用來表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。 如：This radio can be repaired here.about誤 This class is about to begin just now.正 This class is about to begin.析 要注意 be about to 是“將要”的意思，含有將來時(shí)之意，不要與表示過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。另外，be about to 一般用作書面語，對(duì)應(yīng)的口語是 be going to.about, onabout 與 on 都可以作"關(guān)于"講，但卻有所不同，例如：This bo

5、ok is about physics. 應(yīng)譯為“這是一本關(guān)于物理學(xué)的科普讀物?！倍篢his book is on physics. 則應(yīng)譯為“這是一本物理學(xué)方面的專著。”above誤 The temperature is five degrees over zero.正 The temperature is five degrees above zero.析 表 達(dá)“在上方”時(shí)，above 與 over 是可以互換的，如：The sky is above(or over)our heads. 但是要表 達(dá)在垂直方向上的上方時(shí)則應(yīng)用 above 不可用 over，如：The sun has

6、risen above the horizon.誤 There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.正 There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.析 當(dāng)表達(dá)覆蓋之意時(shí)，只可用 over 而不能用 above.誤 There is a bridge above the river.正 There is a bridge over the river.析 用來表達(dá)“從上方越過”時(shí)不能用 above 只能用 over，如：The plane fl

7、ew over the city. 但要注意 There is waterfall above the bridge. 則應(yīng)譯為“在橋的上游有一個(gè)瀑布?！盿cross誤 He ran across the wood.正 He ran through the wood.析 across 是指某一動(dòng)作在一平面內(nèi)進(jìn)行，而 through 則是指該動(dòng)作在一三維立體空間的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程。如：The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.acrossacross 的主要用法有兩個(gè)。其一，意為“對(duì)面”，如：There is a sc

8、hool just across the street. 其二，意為“橫過”，如：He walked across the street.afraid誤 I dont't afraid of him.正 I am not afraid of him.析 要注意“害怕”afraid 一詞在英語中不是動(dòng)詞，而是形容詞，要與 be 動(dòng)詞連用。after誤 Two weeks after he left.正 Two weeks later he left.正 He left after two weeks.析 要表達(dá)“在多少時(shí)間之后”，英語中有兩種表達(dá)法，即：用 later 時(shí)，要時(shí)間在前，如

9、 three hours later; 而用 after 時(shí)要時(shí)間在后，如 after three hours。誤 My father will be back after a few hours.正 My father will be back in a few hours.析 受 中文的影響，這個(gè)介詞常常被誤用。當(dāng)你要表達(dá)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)某個(gè)動(dòng)作可以完成時(shí)，一定要用 in，而不能用 after，因?yàn)?after 是指在某一時(shí)間 之后。例如：This work will be done in two days. 即表明在兩天內(nèi)這一工作一定會(huì)做完。而如用了 after，即表 示在兩天之后，完成的時(shí)

10、間是after, behindafter 多 用于表示順序的前后，如：She walked in the line after Tom. 或用來表示“追趕”，表示一種動(dòng)態(tài)， 如：He ran after Mary. 而 behind 多用于強(qiáng)調(diào)先進(jìn)與落后， 如：She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表達(dá)“遲于”， 如：The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者與表示靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用， 如：She hid herself behind the flowers.afternoon

11、誤 He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.正 He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.析 習(xí) 慣用的詞組 in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修飾詞后其前面的介詞 in 都要改為 on，不論其修飾詞在前還是在后， 如：He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又 如：Are you free on Sunday afternoon?against誤 He against me.正 He is against me.析 要注意 against 意

12、為“反對(duì)”，但它在英文中卻不是動(dòng)詞，而是介詞，如要講反對(duì)某事或某人時(shí)則要加動(dòng)詞 be, 如：He is against somebody/something.against foragainst 意為“反對(duì)”、“不贊成”；而 for 則意為“同意”，為其反意詞。如：Are you for or against the plan?age誤 He is twenty years old of age.正 He is twenty.正 He is twenty years old.正 He is at the age of twenty.ago誤 Tom's father has been

13、dead five years ago.正 Tom's father died five years ago.析 ago 意為由說話時(shí)算起，若干時(shí)間以前。它只能和一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)連用，而不要與完成時(shí)連用。誤 Yesterday I met a friend. We didn't see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.正 Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for a long time since

14、 we left the college twenty years ago.析 要注意的是在本句是 ago 是用在由 since 引起的從句之中，只是從句應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，但不影響主句的時(shí)態(tài)。agree誤 Does the teacher agree to us?正 Does the teacher agree with us?誤 Does he agree with our plan?正 Does he agree with us?析 agree with 指“同意某人的提議、建議、計(jì)劃”等。如果要講同意某項(xiàng)計(jì)劃則要用 agree to, 如：Do you agree to the plan?al

15、l誤 The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.正 The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.析 all 是指三者或以上的全部，而 both 則是指“兩者都”。誤 The all children are playing football now.正 All the children are playing football now.析 all 作修飾詞時(shí)其位置要在所有的修飾詞之前，不論這些修飾詞是定冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞或名詞，或代詞的所有格。誤 You all are ri

16、ght.正 You are all right.析 all 作同位語時(shí)其位置要置于be動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，如：The teachers all work hard. 或用于第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.almost誤 Nearly nobody thinks he is right.正 Almost nobody thinks he is right.析 nearly 與 almost 是近意詞，其含意差別不大，但是與否定詞連用時(shí)要用 almost, 例如：She brought almost no m

17、oney with her. 此句中的 almost 不能用 nearly 替換。alone誤 The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely.正 The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.析 alone, lone, lonely 三個(gè)詞全具有“孤單、孤獨(dú)”之意。但其用法不同：lone 可以作定語，而 alone 則只能作表語，lonely 則多指感情上與感覺上的孤獨(dú)。already誤 We are already for the work.正 We are all

18、ready for the work.析 already 是副詞，其意為“已經(jīng)”，如：He already knew about it. 而 all ready 為形容詞意為“準(zhǔn)備好”。already, yetalready 多用于肯定句中，例如：The students have already finished the work. 而 yet 則多用于疑問句與否定句中，如：Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.also誤 I didn't find the dictionary also.正 I didn&#

19、39;t find the dictionary either.析 作為“也”講，在否定句中要用 either 而不能用 also.also, tooalso 與 too 都可用在肯定句中表示“也”，但 also 通常用于 be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，如：I can also do it myself. 而 too 一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too.always誤 Always he asked himself why he had come here.正 He always asked himself why he had come here.析 al

20、ways 一般不能用于句首，它在一般句中的位置是于動(dòng)詞之前第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：I've always thought he is honest. 又如：He is always late.among誤 If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive?正 If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?析 among 常用于三個(gè)事物或人物之間，而 between 則多用于

21、兩者之間。an誤 This is an useful dictionary.正 This is a useful dictionary.析 詳見 a 條。and誤 He did not speak loudly and clearly.正 He did not speak loudly nor clearly.誤 Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.正 Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.析 “和”這一概念在肯定句中應(yīng)用 and，但在否定句中

22、則要用 or。angry誤 My mother was angry to me.正 My mother was angry with me.誤 He was angry with what I said.正 He was angry at what I said.析 要注意 be angry 后面如果接人，表示“對(duì)某人生氣不滿”時(shí)應(yīng)用 be angry with somebody. 但要接事物時(shí)要用 be angry at something.another誤 I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.正 I have

23、two sisters, one in America and the other in English.析 要注意英語中 another, other, the other, the others, others 的不同用法，現(xiàn)分別說明如下：another 作形容詞其意為：泛指的另一個(gè)或再一個(gè)，別的，類似的。一般在句中作定語，如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another 還可以作為代詞用，如：One student said：“I want to play baskball.”another said：“I w

24、ant to play football.”other 作形容詞其意為“泛指其余的，別的”。如：I have other books besides these. 又如：Ask some other people please. the other 則為特指，作形容詞時(shí)其后面可接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指，單數(shù))又如：There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students

25、are girls. (特指，復(fù)數(shù))但當(dāng) the other 作為代詞時(shí)，它代表的可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，如：He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (單數(shù))又如：There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(復(fù)數(shù))are boys. 要注意的是當(dāng) the other 作主語時(shí)，其后面的謂語動(dòng)詞要視具體情況而定，它可能是單數(shù)，也可能是復(fù)數(shù)。others 則只能作代詞，其意為 other ones 即為：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us m

26、ust think of others. 而 the others 只能作為代詞，它是特指某一些人或物，如：I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.answer誤 Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.正 Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.析 answer 與 reply 是近意詞，作為及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有時(shí)二者是可以互換的，如：The

27、 student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定場合則不易互換。作為應(yīng)答之意時(shí)則多用answer，如：You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.any誤 Do you have some questions?正 Do you have any questions?析 some一般要用于肯定句，而any則用于否定句或疑問句。誤 China is large

28、r than any other countries in Asia.正 China is larger than any other country in Asia.析 要注意 any other 其后要跟單數(shù)名詞，但 any of the other 其后要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Chinais larger than any of the other countries in Asia.誤 Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.正 Here are some books; you can choose any one of these

29、.析 anyone 只能指人，而 any one 即可指人，也可以指物。around誤 The nine planets go around of the sun.正 The nine planets go around the sun.析 around后面不要再加介詞，如：The sun shines all around us.around, round作介詞用的 around 與 round 通?？梢曰Q，只不過美語常用 around，而英語常用 round，例如：You can see the post office round/around that corner. (繞過那個(gè)彎你就

30、可以看到郵局。但是一定要區(qū)別它們的不同之處：round 可以用作形容詞、副詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞；而 around 只能用作副詞或介詞。例如：The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介詞). He has round face (用作形容詞). The river rounded the stones. (用作動(dòng)詞)arrive誤 I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.正 I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.正 I reached

31、 Beijing the day before yesterday.誤 He arrived in the school at 1100.正 He arrived at the school at 1100.析 arrive 為不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)的是較大的地理區(qū)域時(shí)用介詞 in，而到達(dá)較小的地方時(shí)則用 at, 如：arrive in New York, arrive at the village.arrive, reach, getarrive 如上所述是不及物動(dòng)詞，而 reach 則是及物動(dòng)詞。如：How did you reach the school this morning? 而 ge

32、t 可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，作“到達(dá)”講時(shí)其后面多與 to 連用。如：When did you get to New York?as誤 This man works in the bank for a manager.正 This man works in the bank as a manager.析 as 與 for 有時(shí)是可以通用的。如：This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用來指官銜、職位時(shí)只能用 as.誤 My brother is so taller as Tom.正 My brother is as tall as Tom.析 as as

33、之間只能用形容詞與副詞的原級(jí)，而不能用比較級(jí)。在否定句中可以用 so as，也可以用 as as，但在肯定句中只能用 as as，如：He is not so tall as Tom.誤 I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.正 I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.析 as soon as 所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中應(yīng)使用一般時(shí)態(tài)表示將來。ask誤 The student asked a question to the teacher.正 The student asked the

34、 teacher a question.析 ask應(yīng)接雙賓語，即ask somebody something.誤 They asked some books.正 They asked for some books.析 向某人要求某物時(shí)應(yīng)用 ask somebody for something 或 ask for something from somebody, 如：He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.asleep誤 He is deeply asleep.正 He is fas

35、t asleep.析 要講“熟睡”，就要用 fast 來修飾 asleep。另外，在英語中一般不講 somebody is sleeping 而要用 asleep。關(guān)于睡覺這一詞的慣用法還有：go to sleep (如：The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.)， fall asleep(如：I fell asleep at English class yes terday.)at誤 It will really do you no harm quite.正 It will really do you no harm at all.析 at all

36、和 quite 的漢語意思均為“全然”、“確定的”，但 at all 適用于否定句，例如：-I'm sorry. I'm late.-No trouble at all. 又如：I don't think it is right at all. 而 quite 則適用于肯定句，例如：He is quite a good teacher.誤 The children play football for lunch.正 The children play football at lunch.析 英語中的 at lunch 為“在吃午飯時(shí)”。這種慣用法還有 at work(在

37、工作)，at table(在吃飯)，at desk(在學(xué)習(xí))。而 for lunch 則是為午飯而準(zhǔn)備的食物，又如：We had some milk for breakfast.誤 There is a post office in the corner of the street.正 There is a post office at the corner of the street.析 at the corner 是指墻外面的角，而 in the corner 是指建筑物內(nèi)部的角落。例如：There is a computer in the corner of the room. Ther

38、e is a street lamp at the corner of the street.at, in, on在表示時(shí)間時(shí)用來表示具體鐘點(diǎn)用 at，如：He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、下午時(shí)要用 in,如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是，in the morning 和 in the afternoon 這兩個(gè)詞組中如果加入了任何修飾詞，其介詞要換為 on， 如：on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon. 又如：See you on Monday morni

39、ng. 如講到具體的某一天，要用 on, 如：on Sunday, 如：I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在談到周、月、季、年時(shí)要用 in，如：All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣誕節(jié)、復(fù)活節(jié)、感恩節(jié)時(shí)都用 at, 如：Where are you going at Easter.Bback誤 I'm sorry. I have to back home.正 I'm sorry. I have to go b

40、ack home.正 I'm sorry. I have to go home.析 back 用作“回到(某處)”之意，不是動(dòng)詞。be誤 Where do you from?正 Where are you from?析 “你從何處來”應(yīng)為 Where are you from? 或 Where do you come from? 但要注意這兩句話均是問對(duì)方從哪個(gè)國家來的。要是口語中問“你是從什么地方來?”應(yīng)講 Where did you come from? 回答用 I came from the library.beat誤 We have won your class.正 We ha

41、ve beaten your class.正 We have won the game.析 win 是勝過之意，它是及物動(dòng)詞，但其后的賓語只能接比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金的名稱，如：Which team won the football match? 而 beat 指打敗對(duì)手、敵人如：My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat 的過去式與原形相同，而過去分詞為 beaten)。誤 The ball beat me badly.正 The ball hit me badly.誤 He used to hit the little boy black and blu

42、e.正 He used to beat the little boy black and blue.析 beat 指打擊多次，而hit則為擊中對(duì)方的一次性打擊。beautiful誤 He is a beautiful boy.正 He is a handsome boy.析 我們可以講 She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要講男人的“英俊”時(shí)要用 handsome.because誤 The reason why I was late is because I was ill.正 The reason why I was lat

43、e is that I was ill.誤 Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.正 Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.析 這種錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)橹形牡牧?xí)慣與英語的表述法不同，中文常講我來晚了的原因是因?yàn)槲也×?，而英文中的第二個(gè)因?yàn)橐?that 代替。又因中文常講因?yàn)樗裕⑽闹杏昧艘驗(yàn)榫筒荒茉儆盟粤?，同樣用了“所以”也就不要再用“因?yàn)椤币辉~。例如：Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者：We study hard so w

44、e passed the exam easily.because, because ofbecause 后要接從句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of 后要接名詞作介詞賓語，如：He is not at school because of the illness.before誤 We have two hours to kill before we will go home.正 We have two hours to kill before we go home.析 kill time

45、 意為“消磨時(shí)光”。英語狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。如：If it rains we will not go to the park.誤 I did this work two days before.正 I did this work two days ago.析 用 ago 組成的時(shí)間狀語其主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去時(shí)，而 before 引起的時(shí)間狀語其主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞多用完成時(shí)，如：I has done this work a few days before.before long, long beforebefore long 是“不久”之意，例如：I shall go to

46、 America before long. 而 long before 則是“很久很久”之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我們?cè)诳吹竭@位老師之前很久就知道他了。)begin誤 The meeting will begin from Monday.正 The meeting will begin on Monday.誤 The film has begun for ten minutes.正 The film has been on for ten minutes.析 begin 是瞬間動(dòng)詞，所以它的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能接表示一段時(shí)間的

47、狀語，如：The film has begun. 這句話是對(duì)的，即“電影已經(jīng)開始”。但要講已經(jīng)開始10分鐘了則要用 has been on 即“上演了10分鐘”。begin, startbegin 與 start 兩詞后面加不定式或動(dòng)名詞都可以，且意思并無區(qū)別，但在表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)接動(dòng)名詞的用法較多，如：How old wern you when you first started learning English? 但這兩個(gè)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中則多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主語是物而不是人，則多用不定式，如：The ice began to

48、melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是表達(dá)某種心理狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.誤 They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.正 They study hard in the class from beginning to end.析 from beginning to end 是習(xí)慣用法，即自始至終，不要加冠詞，但如單獨(dú)使用則要加冠詞，例如：At the b

49、eginning,the teacher gave us an exam.behind誤 He missed the class because he was behind the time.正 He missed the class because he was behind time.析 behind time 一短語意為“晚了”，而 behind the times 意為“落后于時(shí)代”。behind 是介詞同時(shí)又是副詞，如 Come out from behind the door(介詞). He's a long way behind(副詞). He fell behind w

50、ith his classmates(副詞).below誤 What's that below the chair.正 What's that under the chair.析 under 意為“正下方”，而 below 意為“比低”，或指“在下游”。如：There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一個(gè)瀑布。)其反義詞為 over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在“下面的例子”一表達(dá)語中則要用 the example below, 而不要用 under.beside誤 The st

51、udents stood besides the teacher.正 The students stood beside the teacher.誤 I study English beside Chinese.正 I study English besides Chinese.析 beside 意為“在旁邊”，而 besides 是“除以外(還如何)”。beside, by, nearbeside 意為“在旁”，如：There is a tall tree beside the river. by 多指“倚、靠”、“沿著”之意，如：She is standing by the window.

52、 near 多用來表示兩地間距離不遠(yuǎn)，如：There is a post office near our school.better誤 You had better to do it at home.正 You had better do it at home.誤 You hadn't better wake me up at six.正 You had better not wake me up at six.析 had better 在肯定句中為“應(yīng)該作某事”，其后加不帶 to 的不定式，而在否定句中應(yīng)用 had better + not + 動(dòng)詞原形。在簡答語中 had 常省略為

53、 'd，如：You'd better not. 又如：Let's go first. No, we'd better not.between誤 Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.正 Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.析 兩者之間多用 between，三者或三者以上之間則用 among.誤 You must choose between this club or that club.正 You must choose between

54、this club and that club.析 在兩個(gè)之間作出選擇要用 between and ，而不能用 between or .big誤 There was a big rain last night.正 There was a heavy rain last night.析 大雨在英語中只能用 a heavy rain 而不要用 a big rain.bit誤 He is a bit fool. 正 He is a bit of a fool.析 a bit 可以作程度副詞，與 a little 相同，但它用于名詞前應(yīng)用 a bit of, 而用于形容詞前則應(yīng)用 a bit，如：I&

55、#39;m a bit tired, 而其簡答的否定句應(yīng)為 Not a bit, (一點(diǎn)兒也不。)又如：-Do you mind if I open the door?-Not a bit.black誤 The children became black after swimming in the sea.正 The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.析 因太陽照曬而皮膚變黑，不應(yīng)用 black 而應(yīng)用 sunburned, sun colour 或 dark.誤 The girl has black eyes and bl

56、ack hair.正 The girl has dark eyes and black hair.析 英語中 black eyes 的意思是被打得發(fā)青的眼睛。誤 The Europeans like red tea.正 The Europeans like black tea.析 紅茶在英文中應(yīng)為 black tea. 這種慣用法還有：black and blue(鼻青臉腫，青一塊紫一塊)；blackandwhite(黑白電視片)。go black 意為“在失去知覺時(shí)眼前一片黑暗”；look black 意為“情況不妙，前景暗淡”。如：After the fight he was black and blue. On TV, I like colour for something and blackandwhite for others.body誤 Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your