歐四歐五發(fā)動機排放培訓資料ppt課件

1、Wulumqi, 26 June 2007Claudio OpertiManager R&D FPT ChinaHeavy Duty Engine emissions Euro 4/5重型車用發(fā)動機排放重型車用發(fā)動機排放 歐歐4/歐歐526 June 2007FPT=“FPT is=FIAT POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGIES FIAT動力總成技術(shù)動力總成技術(shù)=It is a company including in a single organization all the engine & driveline activities of the Fiat gro

2、up worldwide是是FIAT集團全世界包括一切發(fā)動機和動力傳集團全世界包括一切發(fā)動機和動力傳動系統(tǒng)的獨立的機構(gòu)動系統(tǒng)的獨立的機構(gòu)=Fiat automotive FIAT汽車汽車=IVECO=Others其它其它=It is developing and producing 正在開發(fā)和消費正在開發(fā)和消費=Diesel and gasoline engines 柴油和汽油發(fā)動機柴油和汽油發(fā)動機=From 1,0 liters up to 40 liters 從從1.0L到到40L=For 用于用于=Cars轎車轎車=Trucks卡車卡車=Agricultural and earth mo

3、ving農(nóng)業(yè)和工程機械農(nóng)業(yè)和工程機械=Marine船用船用=Power generation發(fā)電發(fā)電=.等等等等26 June 2007Emission Limits排放限值排放限值Euro 3NOxPMTill 2006Euro 3 Registration Europe 歐洲歐歐洲歐3注冊注冊26 June 2007Euro 4 Registration step 1 Europe 歐洲歐歐洲歐4第第1階段注冊階段注冊Durability耐久性耐久性In Use Compliance在用車在用車Homologation class / weight認證認證 類別類別/質(zhì)量質(zhì)量Control

4、 Measurements丈量控制丈量控制OBD Stage 1OBD第第1階段階段Euro 4System Failure系統(tǒng)不完善系統(tǒng)不完善2006 2007Emission Limits排放限值排放限值Euro 3NOxPMTill 200626 June 2007Euro 4 Registration step 2 Europe歐洲歐歐洲歐4第第2階段注冊階段注冊Durability耐久性耐久性In Use Compliance在用車在用車Homologation class / weight認證認證Control Measurements丈量控制丈量控制OBD Stage 1OBD第

5、第1階段階段Euro 4System Failure系統(tǒng)不完善系統(tǒng)不完善2006 2007Emission Limits排放限值排放限值Euro 3NOxPMTill 2006NOx Control Torque reduction扭矩降低控制扭矩降低控制+2007 202126 June 2007Euro 5 Legislation Europe 歐洲歐歐洲歐5法規(guī)法規(guī)Euro 5OBD Stage 2DurabilityNEW ?20212007 2021Emission Limits排放限值排放限值NOxPMEuro 3Till 2006Euro 42006 2007Durability

6、耐久性耐久性In Use Compliance在用車在用車Homologation class / weight認證分類認證分類/質(zhì)量質(zhì)量Control Measurements丈量控制丈量控制OBD Stage 1OBD第第1階段階段System Failure系統(tǒng)不完善系統(tǒng)不完善+NOx Control Torque reduction26 June 2007EC 88/77 Comp. Euro 3Comp. Euro 5Emissions E4Emissions E4OBD Stage 1OBD Stage 2DurabilityEmissions E5Emissions E5In u

7、se complianceCompulsory Euro 4DurabilityNew in use compliance200520062007202120212021Emissions E4OBD Stage 1 + NOx controlDurabilityIn use compliance Since 2005 was possible to register vehicles according to Euro 4/5 emission values 從2005年開場可以按照歐4/歐5排放進展車輛注冊 Euro 4 Step 1 (ODB stage 1) are compulsor

8、y from Oct 2006 從2006年10月強迫執(zhí)行歐4第1階段(OBD第1階段)認證Emissions E3Emissions E5Emissions E5 Euro 4 Step 2 (OBD stage 1 + NOx control) are compulsory from Oct 2007 從2007年10月強迫執(zhí)行歐4第2階段(OBD第1階段+NOx控制)認證 Euro 5 (emission values + OBD stage 2) are compulsory from Oct 2021 從2021年10月開場歐5(排放+OBD第2階段)Step 1Step 226 J

9、une 2007Legislation summary 法規(guī)概要法規(guī)概要26 June 2007Durabilty requirements 耐久性要求耐久性要求= Present European Euro 4 legislations specifies that當前歐當前歐4法規(guī)闡明法規(guī)闡明= A minimum durability of the engine in terms of emissions legislation conformity must be guaranteed by the manufacturer (limit depending on vehicle cl

10、ass / size)排放法規(guī)中的發(fā)動機最低耐久性符合排放法規(guī)中的發(fā)動機最低耐久性符合性由制造廠保證性由制造廠保證(限值取決于車輛類型限值取決于車輛類型/尺寸尺寸)= The same criteria applies to the after treatment system規(guī)范同樣適用規(guī)范同樣適用于后處置系統(tǒng)于后處置系統(tǒng)= No specific demonstration of this durability is required. 沒有明確的沒有明確的耐久性實驗實例要求耐久性實驗實例要求= It is expected that future European legislation

11、 will include a durability “demonstration equivalent to the USA EPA approach未未來的歐洲法規(guī)將包含耐久性實驗實例來的歐洲法規(guī)將包含耐久性實驗實例,等同于美國環(huán)保署方法等同于美國環(huán)保署方法26 June 2007In-use compliance 1 在用車符合性在用車符合性-1= The verification of conformity to emission standards of vehicles in real use is very critical on HD applications.檢查重型在用車輛

12、排檢查重型在用車輛排放符合性是非常復雜的放符合性是非常復雜的.= As NOx and particulate emissions are very low at low engine load, any “conformity test must be performed with the engine under high load. This requires either由于在發(fā)動機低負荷時由于在發(fā)動機低負荷時NOx和和顆粒排放非常低顆粒排放非常低,任何符合性測試必需在發(fā)動機高負荷時進展任何符合性測試必需在發(fā)動機高負荷時進展.= Emission measurements on veh

13、icle in operation on road= 車輛排放在道路上運轉(zhuǎn)車輛排放在道路上運轉(zhuǎn)= Use of a roller test bed (for a truck, a very heavy / expensive device)運用轉(zhuǎn)鼓實驗臺運用轉(zhuǎn)鼓實驗臺(對于卡車對于卡車,非常重非常重/安裝昂貴安裝昂貴) = Dismounting the engine (and the after treatment system) from the vehicle and installation on an engine test bed從車輛上拆下發(fā)從車輛上拆下發(fā)動機動機(和后處置系統(tǒng)和

14、后處置系統(tǒng))并安裝到發(fā)動機排放實驗臺上并安裝到發(fā)動機排放實驗臺上.26 June 2007In-use compliance 2 在用車符合性在用車符合性-2= European (and US) legislations have selected the “OBD approach.歐洲歐洲(和美國和美國)法規(guī)選擇法規(guī)選擇OBD方法方法= The control system of the engine / after treatment must detect any system malfunction causing an increase of emissions and give

15、 indication to the driver (including engine power reduction)發(fā)動機發(fā)動機/后處置控制系統(tǒng)必需發(fā)現(xiàn)任何導致排放添加的系統(tǒng)缺點并給后處置控制系統(tǒng)必需發(fā)現(xiàn)任何導致排放添加的系統(tǒng)缺點并給駕駛員缺點指示駕駛員缺點指示(包括發(fā)動機功率降低包括發(fā)動機功率降低)= The effectiveness of the OBD must be demonstrated at engine homologation 必需在發(fā)動機認證時認證必需在發(fā)動機認證時認證OBD效果效果= The “road inspection authority can “read

16、the OBD “history of the vehicle to detect malfunctions or mis-use道路檢查權(quán)威道路檢查權(quán)威部門可讀取車輛上部門可讀取車輛上OBD歷史記錄歷史記錄,以發(fā)現(xiàn)缺點或錯誤運用以發(fā)現(xiàn)缺點或錯誤運用26 June 2007. from “Euro 3 to Euro 4 .從歐從歐3到歐到歐4NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)EURO 426 June 2007Engine development 發(fā)動機技術(shù)開展發(fā)動機技術(shù)開展NOXPMFuel Consumption燃油耗費燃油耗費Engine adjustments NOx red

17、uction increase PM and fuel consumption PM reduction reduce fuel consumption but NOx increase26 June 2007The technology choice 技術(shù)選擇技術(shù)選擇= Two possible solutions兩種能夠的處理方案兩種能夠的處理方案: Exhaust Gas Recirculation廢氣再循環(huán)廢氣再循環(huán)Selective Catalytic Reduction選擇性催化轉(zhuǎn)化器選擇性催化轉(zhuǎn)化器26 June 2007EGR: to match Euro 4 匹配歐匹配歐4N

18、Ox (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)EURO 426 June 2007EGR: to match Euro 4 匹配歐匹配歐4NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)EURO 426 June 2007SCR: to match Euro 4 匹配歐匹配歐4NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)EURO 426 June 2007SCR: to match Euro 4 匹配歐匹配歐4NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)EURO 426 June 2007SCR: to match Euro 5 匹配歐匹配歐5NOx (g/kWh)PM (g/kWh)EURO 4EURO 5

19、26 June 2007EGR valve EGR technology EGR技術(shù)技術(shù)PM Filter EGR system effects emissions at source, in the combustion chamber EGR系統(tǒng)在源頭處理排放,在熄滅室內(nèi)26 June 2007Exhaust gas is forced through porous ceramic cell排氣強迫經(jīng)過多孔蜂窩狀陶瓷Walls外殼Closed filter structure封鎖式濾芯構(gòu)造Efficiency up to 80%效率上限80%Combination with Oxi cat

20、 與氧化型催化轉(zhuǎn)化器結(jié)合PM Filter = PM Trap = DPF26 June 2007PM Trap: two possible offers 兩種能夠的提議兩種能夠的提議Standard Version規(guī)范版規(guī)范版Filter unit to be replaced 過濾器單元被取代過濾器單元被取代Maintenance intervals required 必要的間隔維護必要的間隔維護CRTContinuously Regenerating Trap延續(xù)再生式顆粒捕集器延續(xù)再生式顆粒捕集器Permanent PM combustion 永久的顆粒熄滅永久的顆粒熄滅No main

21、tenance required 免維護免維護Car application客車運用客車運用Truck application卡卡車運用車運用26 June 2007A part of the exhaust gas is led through the metal部分排氣經(jīng)過金屬fleece, the rest is bypassing the fleece 其他經(jīng)過編織物Open cell structure開放式蜂窩構(gòu)造No maintenance免維護Efficiency up to 50%效率上限50%Combination with Oxi cat 與氧化型催化轉(zhuǎn)化器結(jié)合PM Ca

22、t 顆粒催化轉(zhuǎn)化器顆粒催化轉(zhuǎn)化器26 June 2007Comparison: PM Trap vs. PM Cat 顆粒捕集器與顆粒催化轉(zhuǎn)化器比較顆粒捕集器與顆粒催化轉(zhuǎn)化器比較Disadvantage缺陷缺陷 Backpressure increase排氣排氣背壓添加背壓添加 Ash accumulation灰聚集灰聚集 Packaging裝配裝配 Filter clogging過濾器堵塞過濾器堵塞Disadvantage缺陷缺陷 Low efficiency效率低效率低 Smoke puff during up-transients變變工況冒煙工況冒煙 Low soot load capa

23、city煙灰裝載量煙灰裝載量低低 Low passive regeneration potential被動再生潛力低被動再生潛力低PM Trap顆粒捕集器顆粒捕集器PM Cat顆粒催化轉(zhuǎn)化器顆粒催化轉(zhuǎn)化器PlugPorous filter wallCorrugated metal foilPorous layer(sinter metal fleece)26 June 2007SCR technology SCR技術(shù)技術(shù) No PM Filter is necessary 不需求顆粒過濾器SCR is an after treatment system that requires Urea a

24、s additive to create a chemical reaction to reduce NOx SCR是一種以尿素作為添加劑發(fā)生化學反響降低NOx的后處置系統(tǒng)26 June 2007SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)Air Pressure空氣壓力空氣壓力Cooling circuit冷卻系冷卻系26 June 2007characteristics尿素性能尿素性能Availability有效性Used in other industry sectors用于其它工業(yè)領(lǐng)域Economic price價錢Mix: 32,5 % ammonia +

25、67,5% water 混合比:32.5%氨水+67.5%水Easy handling, no danger-good 易操作,無危險Freezing point冰點: -11 CEvaporating point蒸發(fā)點: + 60 CStrong volume extension較強的體積膨脹26 June 2007SCR vs. EGR SCR和和EGR比較比較= Feature 特點特點SCREGR= Fuel consumption燃油耗燃油耗 Lower 低低Higher高高= Engine durability發(fā)動機耐久性發(fā)動機耐久性as Euro 3同歐同歐3Reduced減減少

26、少= Oil change intervals 改換機油間隔改換機油間隔as Euro 3 同歐同歐3Reduced減少減少= Euro 5 compatibility歐歐5兼容性兼容性 YES是是 Difficult困難困難= Cooling requirements 冷卻系要求冷卻系要求up to 6 %減少減少6% up to + 15%添加添加15%= AdBlue infrastructure 尿素尿素Yes 是是No無無= Diesel fuel requirement柴油要求柴油要求Standard (EN590)規(guī)范規(guī)范Low sulphured 低硫低硫= Additiona

27、l weight 添加分量添加分量Yes 是是Yes是是SCR technology offers important advantages most relevant:SCR技術(shù)優(yōu)點技術(shù)優(yōu)點 :Reduced fuel consumption lower CO2 emissions)燃油耗費低燃油耗費低,CO2排放少排放少Insensitive to fuel quality (sulphur content)對燃油質(zhì)量不敏感對燃油質(zhì)量不敏感 Pro and cons starting from Euro 3從歐從歐3起點的正反面比較起點的正反面比較 26 June 2007FPT tech

28、nology strategy FPT技術(shù)道路技術(shù)道路= According to FPT evaluation the conclusion is 根據(jù)根據(jù)FPT評價評價= Solution for Light range 輕型車輕型車 = New engine + EGR + Particulate Trap 新型發(fā)動機新型發(fā)動機+EGR+顆粒捕集顆粒捕集器器= Lower system cost 本錢低本錢低= Easier installation and maintenance安裝維護容易安裝維護容易= No Increase in fuel consumption due to n

29、ew engine design 新設(shè)計新設(shè)計發(fā)動機不添加燃油耗發(fā)動機不添加燃油耗 = Solution for the Medium / Heavy range中中/重型車重型車: = SCR technology SCR技術(shù)技術(shù)26 June 2007Practical case運用圖例運用圖例00.020.040.060.080.10.120246810NOx emissions g/kWh ESCPM emissions g/kWh ESCCOMBUSTIONSCRPM TRAPEGR929496981001021041061081101120246810NOx emissions g

30、/kWh ESCFuel consumption % ESCCOMBUSTIONSCREGRPM TRAPCOMBUSTION270 hp / 2700 rpm26 June 2007“Light HD engines輕型車發(fā)動機輕型車發(fā)動機= For low-range engines (below 3.5 l) 小排量發(fā)動機小排量發(fā)動機(3.5L以下以下)= The trade-off between fuel consumption and system cost is less favorable to the SCR system燃油耗和系統(tǒng)本錢與燃油耗和系統(tǒng)本錢與SCR系統(tǒng)相系統(tǒng)相

31、比低比低= A system configuration compatible with LD regulations (roller test bed homologation) is preferred to avoid vehicle configuration proliferation= 系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造協(xié)調(diào)是輕型車規(guī)那么系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造協(xié)調(diào)是輕型車規(guī)那么(轉(zhuǎn)鼓實驗臺認證轉(zhuǎn)鼓實驗臺認證)首選首選,以防止添加以防止添加配置配置= Therefore the solution EGR + Particulate trap is preferred= EGR+顆粒捕集器是首選顆粒捕集器是首選= With

32、different calibration & sizing of the trap it can be used also for LD homologations.不同的標定和捕集器尺寸可用于輕型車不同的標定和捕集器尺寸可用于輕型車認證認證= This solution requires low sulphur fuel (less than 50 ppm) to allow filter regeneration該方案需求低硫柴油該方案需求低硫柴油(小于小于50 ppm)以利于以利于過濾器再生過濾器再生26 June 2007HD with EGR / trap engine c

33、onfiguration帶帶EGR/顆粒捕集器發(fā)動機構(gòu)造顆粒捕集器發(fā)動機構(gòu)造EGR cooler (water heat exchanger)EGR冷卻器冷卻器EGR valveEGR閥閥FPT F1C 3.0 L engine4 valves/cylinder4氣門氣門/缸缸CR injection高壓共軌系統(tǒng)高壓共軌系統(tǒng)26 June 2007HD with EGR / trap exhaust configuration帶帶EGR/顆粒捕集器排氣系構(gòu)顆粒捕集器排氣系構(gòu)造造Particulate trap顆粒捕集器顆粒捕集器Silencer消聲器消聲器Differential pressure sensor