高考英語 語法必考考點6動詞及動詞短語含解析

1、2019年高考英語語法必考考點（6）：動詞及動詞短語含解析李仕才【考點解讀】動詞和動詞短語是歷年高考單項填空考查的核心熱點，每年必考，一般占12道題。設題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞或動詞短語(有時是同一動詞與不同介詞或副詞的搭配)來測試考生在具體語境中對動詞及動詞短語意義的理解和實際運用能力。動詞及動詞短語的考查點多面廣，綜合性強，備受命題者青睞?？键c一、考查動詞詞義辨析這類試題的四個選項是在結構上都很相近的動詞。要做好這類試題，必須明確各個動詞的詞義和用法，然后根據(jù)題意需要選用合適的動詞。如：recently, these companies have _ some workers bec

2、ause of the drop in economy.a. hired b. dismissed c. refused d. employed【答案】b【解析】四個選項都是及物動詞，且都可以與worker構成動賓關系，但從題干中的the drop in economy可知，只有b項符合題意?？键c二、 考查近義動詞辨析這類試題的四個選項無論在意義上還是在結構上都是很相近的動詞。面對這類試題，必須要從四個動詞的語義差別、用法特點等入手才能選出符合題意的動詞。如：when his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a t

3、ruck and badly _。a. injured b damagedc. harmed d. destroyed【答案】a考點三、考查動詞與其賓語的固定搭配英語中有許多動詞與其賓語有固定的搭配和習慣用法。碰到這類試題時，解答的關鍵是弄清題意，然后根據(jù)題意選擇符合固定搭配或習慣用法的動詞。如：with modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.a. bought b. come c. thrown d. appeared【答案】b【解析】題意為“由于有現(xiàn)代化的設備，近年來許多謎團被揭開”。“揭露，將曝光

4、”是come to light，故答案為b。考點四、考查同根動詞短語的辨析這類試題的四個選項都是由同一個動詞加不同的介詞或副詞構成。從歷年高考試題來看，那些搭配能力強、語義豐富的常用動詞短語是命題的重點對象。解答這類試題時，一定要在理解語境的基礎上，從語義邏輯、固定搭配、前后關系等角度去確定答案。如：how i wish that i could _ my ideas in simple and wonderful english when chatting on the net.a. set out b. set offc. set in d. set up【答案】a考點五、考查同根介詞或副

5、詞的動詞短語的辨析這類試題的四個選項是由不同的動詞加相同的介詞或副詞構成。解答這類試題的關鍵首先還是弄清題意，然后選出符合題意和句子結構需要的動詞短語。如：1. when i was twenty, i had to _ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family. a. drop out b. come out c. leave out d. stay out【答案】a【解析】分析題意為“在20歲時，我不得不輟學到一家服裝店工作以幫助養(yǎng)活我的家人?！睆念}意可知，空缺處應該是“輟學”之意，四個選項

6、中，只有a項的drop out有此意，故答案為a。2. take care during the holidays! drinking too much can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.a. contribute to b. relate to c. attend to d. devote to【答案】a【解析】分析題意為“節(jié)日期間要當心!喝酒太多會導致心臟病和引起高血壓?！庇深}意可知，空缺處應該是“導致”之意，四個選項中，只有a項contribute to有此意，故答案為a?？键c六、考查不同動詞構成的動詞短語的辨析這類試題的

7、四個選項是由四個不同的動詞構成的動詞短語。解答這類試題的關鍵是根據(jù)題干意思，選出符合題意的動詞短語。如：the society today offers the young generation more chances to _ their talent and skills.a. give out b. take inc. show off d. carry on【答案】c【真題分析】一、單項選擇1. (2018·天津卷) it took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.a. dis

8、play b. acquire c. teach d. test【答案】b【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：他花了很長時間才獲得了成為一名優(yōu)秀舞蹈家所需的技能。a display顯示；b. acquire獲得；c. teach教；d. test測試。故選b。2. (2018·天津卷) at first robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.a. gave in b. dressed up c. br

9、oke in d. turned up【答案】a【解析】考查動辨析及語境理解。句意：起初，羅伯特不愿讓他女兒去潛水，但最終他讓步了因為她對她的技能是如此的有把握。a. gave in屈服，讓步；b. dressed up打扮；c. broke in i闖入；打斷；d. turned up出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)轉折詞but及原因 as she was so confident about her skills可知最終他讓步了。故選a3. (2018·江蘇卷) developing the yangtze river economic belt

10、60;is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.a. calls for b. calls on c. calls off d. calls up【答案】a【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：發(fā)展長江經(jīng)濟帶是一項需要清晰的路線圖和時間表的系統(tǒng)工程。a. calls for需要；b. calls on號召；c. calls off取消；d. calls up使想起。故選a。4. (2018·江蘇) kid

11、s shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.a. indicate b. investigate c. imitate d. innovate【答案】c5. (2017·天津卷) mr. and mrs. brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.a. s

12、ettled down b. keep off c. get up d. cut in【答案】a【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來，結婚生子。a.安頓下來；b遠離；c起床；d嘴。根據(jù)句意，故選a。6. (2017·江蘇卷) a quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _ your year ahead.a. shape b. switch c. stretch d. sharpen【答案】a【解析】考查動詞的辨析。a. shape塑造，決定的形成，影響的發(fā)

13、展；b. switch轉變，交換，調(diào)班；c. stretch拉長，拉緊，伸展，伸長，延伸消耗；d. sharpen提高，使尖銳，變得清晰。句意：快速回顧一年的成敗將會決定來年的發(fā)展。故選a。7. (2017·江蘇卷) working with the medical team in africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.a. held out b. brought out c. picked out d. given out【答案】b【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。held out堅持；提供機會；伸出手；b. brought out使顯現(xiàn)，闡明，

14、出版；c. picked out使容易看見，找出精心挑選，認出來；d. given out用完，停止運行，分發(fā)，發(fā)出，公布。句意：在非洲同醫(yī)療隊一起工作已經(jīng)使她表現(xiàn)出了作為醫(yī)生最好的一面。這里取“使顯現(xiàn)”之意，故選b。9. (2016·江蘇卷) _ he did noteasily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.a. approachb.wrestlec.compromised.communicate【答案】c【解析】考查動詞辨析。動詞approach靠近，接近；wrestl

15、e摔跤，斗爭，努力解決；compromise妥協(xié)；和解；讓步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥協(xié)，但是對于正義的事業(yè)，他愿意接受任何建設性的建議。根據(jù)句意可知c項正確。10. (2016·江蘇卷) parents should actively urge their children to _the opportunity to join sports teams.a. gain admission to b. keep track of c. take advantage of d. give rise to【答案】c二、單句填空1(2015·江蘇卷)the

16、university started some new language programs to cater _the country's silk road economic belt.【答案】for【解析】句意：為了滿足國家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶發(fā)展的要求，這所大學開設了一些新的語言項目。cater for“滿足需要，迎合”。2(2015·江蘇卷)the whole team count _cristiano ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.【答案】on【解析】句意：全隊都指望克里斯蒂亞諾·羅納爾多，他很少讓他們失望。count

17、 on“指望”。3(2015·天津卷)tom had to turn _the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.【答案】down【解析】句意：上個周末湯姆不得不拒絕宴會的邀請，因為他太忙了。turn down“拒絕”。4(2015·浙江卷)we tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _our emotions than for straight facts.【答案】to【解析】句

18、意：我們通常更容易記住那些對我們的感官產(chǎn)生刺激，對我們的情感有吸引力的東西，而非直截了當?shù)氖聦崱ppeal to 固定短語“吸引”。5(2015·浙江卷)body language can give _a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.【答案】away【解析】句意：肢體語言能泄露你的心情，因此，雙手交叉站著傳出的信號是你處于防御狀態(tài)。give away“泄露，暴露”。6(2015·湖北卷)the

19、re is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies _his ability to communicate with foreigners in english.【答案】in【解析】句意：毫無疑問，這位候選人的優(yōu)勢在于他能夠用英語和外國人交流。lies in固定短語“在于”。7(2015·陜西卷)peter will take _his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.【答案】up【解析】句意：peter在這個月底將從事旅行社負責人

20、的職位。take up“拿起，開始從事”。8. the strong wind had a bad effect on our newly planted young trees.what's more, it _ many people riding bikes on the road.【答案】affects9. i think the secret of staying young was to _ with young people.【答案】mix【解析】考查動詞。句意：我認為保持年輕的秘訣就是與年輕人交往。mix with sb.“與某人交往”。10. i will move

21、out next week. i'm not going to put up_ my roommate smoking any longer.【答案】with【解析】考查動詞短語。句意： 我下周就會搬出去。我再也受不了我室友吸煙了。put up with “忍受”，符合句意。三、單句改錯1. he lied down by the side of the path to rest.【答案】lied lay，【解析】句意：他在小路邊躺下休息。lie 表示“躺”時，其過去時是 lay2. charles and linda were seeing near the top of the b

22、uilding. 【答案】seeing seen【解析】句意：有人在房頂附近看到charles and linda。因為從含義上看，此處謂語應用被動語態(tài)。3. books may be keep for four weeks. 【答案】keep kept【解析】句意：書可以借（被保留）四周。此處要用被動語態(tài)。4. and let you know when the book you want has returned.【答案】returned 之前加 been【解析】句意：讓你知道你要的書什么時候歸還了。從句意上看，此處要用被動語態(tài)。5. they eager to know everythi

23、ng about china and asked me lots of questions. 【答案】eager 前加were 【解析】句意：他們急于想知道關于中國的一切，問了我很多問題。此處缺謂語動詞6. id like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. 【答案】to 后加 be / become7. i use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now i am interested in football. 【答案】use to used to

24、【解析】句意：我過去在業(yè)余時間常打乒乓球，現(xiàn)在喜歡足球了。此為習語，意為“過去經(jīng)?！?。8. because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. 【答案】去掉 be【解析】句意：因為看得太多，孩子們可能不會養(yǎng)成閱讀習慣和賞識自己的能力。去掉 be，因它與其后的動詞 develop 相沖突）9. i followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each da

25、y. 【答案】去掉 should【解析】句意：我聽從她的建議，每天抄寫大約100個單詞。去掉 should，因 put 和 followed 是平行結構，作并列謂語）10. you have to learn in order to teach. without enough knowledges, you can never learn well.【答案】learnteach【解析】句意：因上句講“為了教好，教師不得不學”，此句便是“沒有學問，就決不會教好”?！緦c測試】一、單項選擇1. (2018·濱海7校聯(lián)考) we arranged to meet at the cinema

26、 at 7:30, but jack failed to _.a. break up b. set up c. turn up d. give up【答案】c2. (2018·濱海7校聯(lián)考) the guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they _ difficulties.a. arose b. encountered c. emerged d. evaluated【答案】b【解析】考查動詞。a. arose出現(xiàn)； b. encountered 遇到；c.

27、emerged浮現(xiàn)，暴露； d. evaluated評估。指導老師是他們的導師，當他們遇到困難時，給他們提供建議和解決方案?？芍鸢笧閎。3. (2018·江蘇97校聯(lián)考) evidence begins to that the earth and the rest of the universe are in fact changing with time.a. accumulate b. accelerate c. accompany d. approve【答案】a【解析】考查動詞。a. accumulate累積；b. accelerate加速；c. accompany陪伴；d.

28、 approve批準。句意：地球和宇宙的其他部分實際上在隨著時間而改變的證據(jù)開始累積。指證據(jù)積累，故選a。4. (2018·江蘇97校聯(lián)考) the police have anyone with information to come forward and ta lk to them.a. appealed to b. attended to c. responded to d. attached to【答案】a【解析】考查動詞短語。a. appealed to呼吁；b. attended to出席，參加；c. responded to做出反應；d. attached to附屬于

29、。句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出來與他們交談。表示呼吁，故選a。5. (2018·天津市部分區(qū)) i could not _my tears when i saw the picture of my father working at the quake zone.a. bring in b. turn up c. take off d. hold back【答案】d6. (2018·天津市七所重點中學) the guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions whe

30、n they _ difficulties.a. arose b. encountered c. emerged d. evaluated【答案】b【解析】考查動詞。a. arose出現(xiàn)； b. encountered 遇到；c. emerged浮現(xiàn)，暴露； d. evaluated評估。指導老師是他們的導師，當他們遇到困難時，給他們提供建議和解決方案?？芍鸢笧閎。7. (2018·天津市十二所重點中學)peter has spent too much time on novels recently.that may _ his poor grade in the exam.a.

31、account for b. answer forc. apply for d. stand for【答案】a【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。a. account for說明，導致；b. answer for對負責；c. apply for運用；d. stand for代表。句意：彼得最近花了太多時間看小說。這也許是他考試成績不好的原因。故選a。8. (2018·江蘇丹陽中學等) running a business, no matter where it is started, _ plentiful market research, consistent integrity and a

32、 great deal of discipline.a. clarifies b. involves c. undertakes d. digests【答案】b【解析】考查動詞。a. clarifies澄清；b. involves牽涉；c. undertakes 承擔，保證；d. digests消化。句意：無論在哪里起家，經(jīng)營一個公司涉及到豐富的市場調(diào)研、一貫的誠信和大量的紀律。句子用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，動名詞做主語，故答案為b。9. (2018·南京高淳區(qū)聯(lián)考) the police have anyone with information to come forward and tal

33、k to them.a. appealed to b. attended toc. responded to d. attached to【答案】a【解析】考查動詞短語。a. appealed to呼吁；b. attended to出席，參加；c. responded to做出反應；d. attached to附屬于。句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出來與他們交談。表示呼吁，故選a.10. (2018·江蘇漣水中學) the team are working hard to_ the problem so that they can find the best solution.a.

34、 face b. prevent c. raise d. analyse【答案】d二、單句填空1. do you have enough to _ all your daily expenses?oh yes, enough and to spare.【答案】cover【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“你有足夠用以支付日常開支的錢嗎？”“有，足夠并且還有結余?！眂over在此意為“(錢)夠(某事物之)用”。2. what are you doing out of bed, tom? you're _ (suppose) to be asleep.【答案】supposed【解析】考查動詞

35、短語。句意：湯姆，你不在床上，在干什么？你應該正在睡覺。be supposed to do sth.表示“應該做某事”，相當于should do sth.，含有“本應該做某事，但事實上沒做”之意，符合題意。3. i will move out next week. i'm not going to put up_ my roommate smoking any longer.【答案】with【解析】考查動詞短語。句意： 我下周就會搬出去。我再也受不了我室友吸煙了。put up with “忍受”，符合句意。4. there is no evidence to show that he

36、is _(connect) with the murder.【答案】connected【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：沒有證據(jù)表明他和這起謀殺案有關。connect.with.“把與聯(lián)系”。5. two young men _(connect) the robbery have been questioned by the local police about the details of the case.【答案】connected with【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：兩個與這起搶劫案有關的年輕人已經(jīng)就案子的細節(jié)被當?shù)鼐竭M行了審問。be connected with“與有關的”，符合句意。

37、6. as neither of us would give_， the bargain came to nothing.【答案】in7our teacher stressed again that we should not leave_ any important details while retelling the story.【答案】out【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：老師再次強調(diào)我們在復述故事時不應遺漏任何重要的細節(jié)。leave out“遺漏”，符合句意。8. the enemies also burned their farms and blew_ their dams and p

38、ower plants.【答案】up【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：敵人也燒毀了他們的農(nóng)場，炸毀了他們的大壩和電廠。blow up“爆炸，炸毀”，符合句意。9. the police suspected him of carrying drugs so they went_ his bag, but found nothing.【答案】through【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：警察懷疑他攜帶毒品，因此詳細檢查了他的包，但什么也沒找到。go through“詳細檢查”，符合句意。10. why was our foreign teacher unhappy yesterday?news about

39、the tsunami striking her country set_ an attack of homesickness.【答案】off【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：“為什么我們的外教昨天不高興？”“海嘯襲擊她的國家的消息引發(fā)了她的思鄉(xiāng)病?！眘et off“引起，激起”，符合句意。三、單句改錯1. the number of people who learns english as a foreign language is more than 750 million.【答案】learns learn【解析】動詞錯誤：定語從句的先行詞為people，是復數(shù)，所以who也是復數(shù)，謂語動詞要用

40、復數(shù)。2. the novel is really a hit. how many pages have you read?【答案】read covered【解析】動詞錯誤：此句的意思是，“看完了多少頁書,” read 無此意；而cover有“看完了多少頁書”之意。3. the guide told us not to go to the lake which is not fit for us to swim.【答案】.to swimto swim in【解析】動詞錯誤：不及物動詞后要跟賓語，須在不及物動詞后加相應的介詞。4. it is said that the weather will last hot for another three or four days.【答案】last stay5. his father agreed him to drive his car when he was only 16.【答案】agreed allowed【解析】動詞錯誤：“同意某人做某事”用句型 allow sb.to do sth. agree不能用于 agree sb.