初中英語形容詞和副詞的用法和練習(xí)題

1、頁眉內(nèi)容形容詞big大的small小的long長的tall高的short短的；矮的young年輕 的old舊的；老的strong健壯的thin瘦的active積極活躍的quiet 安靜的nice好看的kind和藹親切的strict嚴(yán)格的smart聰明的 funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的salty咸的sour酸的fresh 新鮮的clean干凈的tired疲勞的excited興奮的angry生氣的happy 高興的 bored無聊的sad憂愁的taller更高的 shorter更矮的 stronger更強(qiáng)壯的 older年齡更大的 younger更年輕的 bigger更大的 h

2、eavier更重的longer更長的thinner更瘦的 smaller更小的 good好 的fine好的great很好的heavy重的new新的fat胖的happy快樂 的right對的hungry饑餓的cute逗人喜愛的little小的lovely可愛 的beautiful漂亮的colorful色彩鮮艷的 pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的 expensive昂貴的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的 helpful有幫助的high高的easy簡單的proud驕傲的sick有病的 better更好的 higher更高的.形容詞的作用，見下表：作用例句士 7E語Y

3、ou can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表語Your coat is too small.賓語補(bǔ)足 語The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.汪忠：有些形容詞只能作表語，如：alone, afraid, asleep ,awake 等。例如:Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.形容詞用來修飾something, anything, nothing, everything 等不

4、定代詞，要放在這些詞的后面。例如：You'd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.多個形容詞做定語時排列的先后順序是： 1）冠詞或人稱代詞 2 ）數(shù)詞3 ）性質(zhì)4 ）大小5）形狀6 ）表示老少，新舊7 ）顏色8）事務(wù)、質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。當(dāng)兩個以上的形容詞修飾一個名詞時，形容詞該如何排列？為什么不能說ablack new pen, 而說成 a new black pen? 這里面有無規(guī)則可循？如果你記住Opshacom這個為幫助記憶而杜撰的詞，就能掌握英語中

5、形容詞 排列的順序。Opshacom中op代表opinion,指表示人們觀點的形容詞，如beautiful, horrible, lovely, nice等； sh代表 shapq 指表示形狀白形容詞，如 long, short, round, narrow等；a代表age,指表示年齡、時代的形容詞，如 old, new, young等； c代表colour,指表示顏色的形容詞，如red, black, orange等，o代表origin, 指表示國籍、地區(qū)的形容詞，如 British, Canadian, German樂 m代表 material,指表示材料的形容詞，如 plastic,me

6、tal, aluminium 等。英語中這六類形容詞連用時就按上述先后順序排列，如 a nice long new black British plastic pen。 當(dāng)然， 實際語言使用中不可能出現(xiàn)這么多形容詞連用的情 況。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爺爺還住在這個矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那個婦女買了兩個漂亮的中國盤子。形容詞名詞化：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞，表示一類人，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有： rich / poor; g

7、ood / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white（表示人種等）。例如：The young should take good care of the old.年輕人應(yīng)該好好照顧老人。形容詞短語做定語時要后置。如：They are the students easy to teach.他們是很容易較的學(xué)生。We live in a house much larger than yours.我們住的房子比你們的大得多。else要放在疑問代詞或復(fù)合不定詞之后如：Did you see anybody else

8、?你看到別的人了嗎？-ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞1) 大部分形容詞加-ly 可構(gòu)成副詞。 但 friendly ， deadly， lovely ， lonely ， likely ， lively ，ugly ， brotherly ，仍為形容詞。Her singing was lovely.He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2) 有些以 -ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞，如 daily ， weekly ， monthly ， yearly ， earlyThe Times is a weekly paper. 時代周刊為周刊。The Times is p

9、ublished weekly. 時代周刊每周發(fā)行一期。四、合成形容詞的構(gòu)成（1） 、形容詞+名詞 +edkind-hearted （好心的） , cold-blooded （冷血的）（2） 、 形容詞 +形容詞red-hot （熾熱的），dark-blue （深藍(lán)的）（ 3）、形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞tired-looking （面帶倦容的）， ordinary-looking （長相一般的）（ 4）、副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working （勤勞的）、 quick-firing （速射的）（ 5）、副詞+過去分詞hard-won （得來不易的）， newly-built （新建的）（ 6）、名詞+

10、形容詞life-long （終生的）， world-famous （世界聞名的）（ 7）、名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving （愛好和平的）、 mouth-watering （令人垂涎的）（ 8）、名詞+過去分詞snow-covered （白雪覆蓋的）, hand-made （手工的）（ 9）、數(shù)詞+名詞 +edfour-storied （四層樓的），three-legged （三條腿的）（ 10）、數(shù)詞+名詞ten-year （十年的）， two-man （二人的）副詞.定義:副詞主要用來修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。英語副詞分類詳解一、時間副詞1. 常見的時間副詞 常見的時間副詞有

11、now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally,before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。2. 時間副詞在句中的位置(1) 表確定時間的副詞(如 today, yesterday 等)通常位于句末， 有時也位于句首： He wenthome yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。 而那些表示非確定時間的副詞 (如 soon, recently, s

12、uddenly 等) 除可用于句末或句首外，還可位于句中(通常位于實意動詞之前，動詞 be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后)：He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. /Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。(2) still, already, just 等幾個表示時間的副詞通常位于句中(實意動詞之前，動詞be、 助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后 ) ： He s just left for school. 他剛剛?cè)W(xué)校。 I have already finished my work.我已經(jīng)做完了工作。當(dāng)要表示

13、強(qiáng)調(diào)時，still和already也可位于動詞 be、助動詞等之前： She was still still was beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了 40 歲仍然很美。 I already have told him about it. 我已經(jīng)把情況告訴他了。 still 若用于否定句，則總是位于助動詞之前： I still don t understand what you mean. 我還是不明白你的意思。 另外， still 和 already 還可 位于句末，表示驚奇： Are you on page one still? 你還在看第1 頁？ Is

14、 your mother backalready? 你媽媽就已經(jīng)回來了？二、地點副詞1. 常見的地點副詞 here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。2. 地點副詞在句中的位置 地點副詞在句中通常位于句末或句首，但從不位于主語和謂語之間。若有多個副詞排列，地點副詞通常位于方式副詞之后，時間副詞之前： Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能幫忙把桌子搬到樓上去嗎 ? 三、方

15、式副詞1. 方式副詞的特點 方式副詞表示動詞的行為方式，許多以 -ly 結(jié)構(gòu)的副詞都是方式副 詞，如 carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。2. 方式副詞在句中的位置(1) 方式副詞通常位于動詞(及其賓語)之后： He read theletter slowly. 他從容不迫地看了那封信。 方式副詞通常不位于動詞與賓語之間，除非動詞 后的賓語很長： 不可說： We like very much it. ( 應(yīng)改為 We like it very much.) 但可說： We co

16、uld see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我們可以很清楚地看到在我們前方有一道奇 怪的光。四、頻度副詞1. 頻度副詞的特點頻度副詞表示動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)， 常見有的 ever, never, rarely, seldom,once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。2. 頻度副詞在句中的位置 頻度副詞通常位于實意動詞之前，動詞 be 、助動詞、情態(tài) 動詞之后： He often comes to see us. 他常來看我

17、們。 He is seldom late for school. 他上學(xué)很 少遲到。 有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)， 頻度副詞也可位于動詞 be、 助動詞等之前： She always was late. 她 老是遲到。 有的頻度副詞可位于句末(尤其受 very, only 修飾時 )： I get paid on Fridays usually.我通常在星期五領(lǐng)工資。 We go out very seldom. 我們很少外出。 Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看電影嗎 ? 有的頻度副詞(如 sometimes, often, usually, frequent

18、ly,occasionally 等)可位于句首(此時多半是因為強(qiáng)調(diào)或?qū)Ρ? ： Sometimes he went there by bus.有時他坐公共汽車去那兒。 Very often the phone rings when I m in the bath. 電話經(jīng)常在我 洗澡時響。 【注】含有否定意義的頻度副詞置于句首時，其后要用倒裝語序： Never have I been there. 我從未去過那兒。 Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看電影。 另外，頻度副詞always 和 never 通常不位于句首， 除非是祈使句： Always remember

19、this. 時刻記住這一點。 Never go out at night. 晚上千萬不要出去。 3. 頻度副詞在否定句中的位置在否定句中，有的頻度副詞可位于否定詞 not 之后或之前(如 usually, often) ，有的頻度副詞則必須位于否定詞之后(如 always, constantly, continually, continuously ，均含有“連續(xù)不斷”五、程度副詞1. 程度副詞的特點 程度副詞用于表示程度，常見的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very,much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, high

20、ly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。2. 程度副詞的用法注意點 (1) 程度副詞主要用于修飾形容詞和副詞，有的還可修飾比較級(如 much, rather 等)和最高級(如 quite, much, almost 等) ： Houses are much moreexpensive these days. 如今的房價貴多了。 This is quite much the most expensive radio here. 這是這里最貴的收音機(jī)?！咀ⅰ縬uite有時也修飾比較級，但只用于quite better(身體康復(fù))這一表達(dá)。

21、 (2) 有的程度副詞 (如 quite, rather, almost 等)可修飾動詞， 但有的(如 fairly, pretty,very 等)則不能修飾動詞：I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意見。(不用fairly, pretty,very) We rather like the film. 我們很喜歡這部電影。(不用fairly, pretty, very) (3) 個別的程度副詞(主要是 quite 和 rather)還可修飾名詞(注意詞序)：It' s quite rather a good idea. / It ' s a quite

22、 rather good idea. 那可真是個好主意。 若此結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有形容詞， 則 quite 和 rather 則 只能放在冠詞之前： It was quite rather a success. 那事相當(dāng)成功六、疑問副詞1. 疑問副詞的特點 疑問副詞有when, where, why, how ， who 等， 用于引出特殊疑問句：Where do you come from? 你是哪里人？ When will it be ready? 這什么時候能準(zhǔn)備好？ Why was she crying? 她剛才為什么哭？兼有兩種形式的副詞1 ) close 與 closelyclose意思是&

23、quot;近" closely意思是"仔細(xì)地"。例如： He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我邊上。Watch him closely. 盯著他。2 ) late 與 latelylate 意思是 "晚" ； lately 意思是 "最近 " 。例如： You have come too late. 你來得太晚了。What have you been doing lately? 近來好嗎？3 ) deep 與 deeplydeep意思是 "深",表示空間深度；deeply時常表示

24、感情上的深度，'"深深地"。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 他把棍子深深插進(jìn)泥里。Even father was deeply moved by the film. 老爸也被電影深深打動了。4 ) high 與 highlyhigh 表示空間高度； highly 表示程度，相當(dāng)于much 。例如：The plane was flying high. 這架飛機(jī)飛得很高。I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。5 ) wide 與 widelywide 表示空間寬度； wide

25、ly 意思是"廣泛地" ， "在許多地方" 。例如：He opened the door wide. 他把門開得大大的。English is widely used in the world. 英語在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用。6 ) free 與 freelyfree 的意思是 "免費 " ； freely 的意思是 "無限制地 " 。例如：You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. 無論什么時候， 我這飯鋪免費對你開 放。形容詞和副詞的辨析一 形容詞變副詞的

26、規(guī)律a. 一般的形容詞在結(jié)尾加ly 變?yōu)楦痹~。例如： careful-carefullyb. 以元音加 e 結(jié)尾的單詞要去e 在加 ly 。例如： true-trulyc.輔音加y結(jié)尾的單詞去 y變i在加ly。例如：angry-angrilyd. 單音節(jié) y 結(jié)尾直接加ly 。例如：shy-shylye.以le結(jié)尾的單詞直接將 e變?yōu)閥。例如：terrible-terriblyf. 形容詞、副詞同形： hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long 。這部分請同學(xué)們注意，其中很多單詞加ly 之后就變成其他意思的單詞了。例如： hardly 就變成

27、“幾乎不” 的意思， 是小學(xué)階段五大隱形否定詞 ( few ， little, never, seldom, hardly ) 之一。二 形容詞副詞比較級的寫法： 單音節(jié)單詞后+er 。例如：tall-taller, short-shorter重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后一個字母再加er ： hot-hotter, big-bigger, thin-thinner,fat-fatter 雙音節(jié)輔音 +y 結(jié)尾去 y 變 i再力口 er ： ugly-uglier, busy-busier, easy-easier, early-earlier, heavy-heavier, healthy-health

28、ier, happy-happier1 在雙音節(jié)或多于雙音節(jié)的單詞前面加more ： careful-more careful, beautiful-more2 最高級的寫法：單音節(jié)單詞后 +est。例如：tall-tallest, short-shortest 重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后一個字母再加est ： hot-hottest, big-biggest, thin-thinnest,fat-fattest 雙音節(jié)輔音+y 結(jié)尾去 y 變 i 再加 est ： ugly-ugliest, busy-busiest, easy-easiestearly-earliest, heavy-heavie

29、st, healthy-healthiest, happy-happiest 在雙音節(jié)或多于雙音節(jié)的單詞前面加most ： careful-most careful, beautiful-mostbeautiful 等。形容詞和副詞的比較級1. 比較級的范圍: 一般為兩者或兩個部分進(jìn)行比較。例如：I m taller than you. GroupOne did better than Group Two.2. 比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)上比較級有三個明顯的標(biāo)志。 than ： 一般用 than 連接兩個比較的部分。 例如： Tom runs faster than Mike. 其中 Tom 和 Mi

30、ke 是比較的兩部分， 用 than 連接他們進(jìn)行比較。 在 than 的句式中有一個需要同學(xué)們特別注意： I m taller than any other students in my class. 這句話中用 than 連接的是 I 和 any other students in my class 兩個部分，其實表示的是最高級的概念，譯為我比我們班其他同學(xué)都要高，其中any other 是固定搭配，譯為任何其他的。 a little, much, a lot, even, still ： 可用來專門修飾比較級。 例如： Lisa was sick yesterday, while tod

31、ay she is much better.as+形容詞或副J詞原形+as:譯為像一樣。例如： Mary is as clever asSusan.Mary 像 Susan一樣聰明。另外，兩個比較級連用表示“越來越”的意思。例如： Days get longer and longer inSpring. 白天在春天越來越長了形容詞和副詞的最高級1. 最高級的范圍 : 最高級用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較，表示在眾多人或事物中，其中一個 "最0例如：My ruler is the longest of all.我的尺是最長的。3 最高級的結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)上比較級有兩個明顯的標(biāo)志。 t

32、he ：一般用the 限定最高級的范圍，也可以說，現(xiàn)階段the 就是最高級的主要標(biāo)志。但是，當(dāng)形容詞最高級前有序數(shù)詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時，最高級前不加the。例如：He is our best teacher.他是我們最好的老師。最高級后面往往用 of 或 in 介詞短語來表示形容詞的最高級的比較范圍。 of 短語指的范圍通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一個場所；如果指一個場所，則用介詞in。例如：He is the strongest of the three. 他是三個人中身體最強(qiáng)壯的。He is the strongest in our class. 他是我們班里

33、身體最強(qiáng)壯的。頁腳內(nèi)容形容詞副詞練習(xí)一基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)1. If I had, I would visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough2. These oranges taste . A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well3. How beautifully she sings!

34、I have never heard .A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice4. I would be, if you could give me an early reply.A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful5. Those T-shirts are usually $ 35 each, but today they have a (an)price of $ 19 in the shopping center.A. regu

35、lar B. special C. cheap D. ordinary6. Mr Smith bought a purse for his wife.A. small black leather B. black leather small C. small leather black D. black small leather7. How was your job interview?Oh, I couldn ' t feel. I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.A. better B

36、. easier C. worse D. happier8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think ?A. tastes best B. smells most C. sounds best D. drinks mostly9. Can Li Hua help me with my English?I regret to tell you her English is yours.A. as good as B. no more than C. no better than D.

37、 as much as10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him for it.A. not so much B. not so little C. no more D. no less11. When they came in, Mr Harris like a baby.Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep C. got aslee

38、p D. went to sleep12. This year they have produced grain they did last year.A. as less； as B. as few； as C. less； than D. fewer ； than13. Can I help you?Well, I ' m afraid the box is heavy for you,but thank you all the same.A. so B. much C. very D. too14. How did you find your visit to the museu

39、m? I thoroughlyenjoy it. It was than I expected.A. far more interesting B. even much interestingC. so far interesting D. a lot much interesting15. Would you like some wine?Yes, just .A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit16. It takes a long time to go there by train ; it' s by road.A

40、. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker17. If there were no examinations, we should have at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time18. I' m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) trick.A. ordinary B. easy C. smart

41、D. simple19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose one as she didn' t want to spendtoo much money on it.A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive20. box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heav

42、y a二提高練習(xí)1. To plant the tree, we must dig .A. a three feet deep hole B. three-foot-deep a holeC. a hole three feet deep D. a three-feet-deep hole2. I think he is one of the best men you've found.A.never B. already C. ever D. once3. the boy s grown! He is almost _ his father.A. What, as tall as B

43、. What, taller than C. How, as tall as D. How, taller than4. I haven t got nails to mend the cupboard. I need another three of them.A. enough big B. big enough C. much bigger D. many enough5. Henry knows little of physics of chemistry.A. as well as B. no less than C. and still more D. and still less

44、6. The dish is delicious! Well, at least it's _ the one I cooked yesterday.A. as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than7. Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?Yes. You couldn't hope for at this time of the year.A. a nice day B. the nice day C. a nicer day D.

45、the nicest day8. It makes Thomas no better, and it makes you A. best B. good C. well D. worse9. With the help of the new equipment, our factories produced _ VCD players in 2000 as the year before.A. as many as twice B. twice more than C. as twice many D. twice as many10. I had invited 50 guests to the party, but actually twice came.A. more than B. as manyC. as much D. less than11. Why didn't you go to the cinema last night? It was something interesti