FPGA實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告-交通燈控制器設(shè)計(jì)

1、FPGA實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告 -交通燈控制器設(shè)計(jì) 院 系： 電子與信息工程系 專 業(yè)： 通信工程 班 級(jí)： 姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 1、 實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù) 1、任務(wù)名稱：交通燈控制器的設(shè)計(jì) 2、設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容與要求： 設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)十字路口交通信號(hào)燈的定時(shí)控制電路。要求紅、綠燈按一定的規(guī)律亮和滅，并在亮燈期間進(jìn)行倒計(jì)時(shí)，并將運(yùn)行時(shí)間用數(shù)碼管/液晶顯示出來。 綠燈亮?xí)r，為該車道允許通行信號(hào)，紅燈亮?xí)r，為該車道禁止通行信號(hào)。要求主干道每次通行時(shí)間為99秒，支干道每次通行時(shí)間為30秒。每次變換運(yùn)行車道前綠燈閃爍，持續(xù)時(shí)間為5秒。即車道要由主干道轉(zhuǎn)換為支干道時(shí)，主干道在通行時(shí)間只剩下5秒鐘時(shí)，綠燈閃爍顯示，支干道仍為紅燈，以

2、便主干道上已過停車線的車?yán)^續(xù)通行，未過停車線的車停止通行。同理，當(dāng)車道由支干道轉(zhuǎn)換為主干道時(shí)，支干道綠燈閃爍顯示5秒鐘，主干道仍為紅燈。 對(duì)紅、綠燈的運(yùn)行時(shí)間要能比較方便的進(jìn)行重新設(shè)置。 對(duì)器件進(jìn)行在系統(tǒng)編程和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。 用VHDL語言對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行描述，設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)測(cè)試方案，通過ISE對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證。并能夠下載到實(shí)驗(yàn)板上調(diào)試成功。6 寫出設(shè)計(jì)性實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告，并打印各層次的源文件和仿真波形，然后作簡(jiǎn)要說明。 2、補(bǔ)充功能與要求： 1.在主干道和支干道添加左轉(zhuǎn)向燈； 2.各燈亮的時(shí)間及最后閃爍時(shí)間可調(diào)節(jié)； 3.緊急路況時(shí)，主干道和支干道都為紅燈。2、 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境1、 ISE軟件一套；2、 PC機(jī)一臺(tái)。三、

3、設(shè)計(jì)思路1、根據(jù)題目要求，知道整個(gè)交通燈的運(yùn)行過程是周期的，所以可以設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)總的計(jì)數(shù)器，滿周期則清零；2、將燈閃爍時(shí)間、主干道綠燈亮的時(shí)間、主干道轉(zhuǎn)向燈亮的時(shí)間、支干道綠燈亮的時(shí)間、支干道轉(zhuǎn)向燈亮的時(shí)間分別記為變量t0、t1、t2、t3、t4，通過調(diào)整它們，實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)各燈亮的時(shí)間；3、將所有需要顯示的量由同一個(gè)信號(hào)表示并最終輸出、顯示在LCD上。4、 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)a）系統(tǒng)框圖b）狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換說明：主干道和支干道永遠(yuǎn)有且只有一個(gè)燈亮，緊急路況時(shí)兩邊紅燈亮，其余時(shí)候有且只有一個(gè)紅燈亮；主干道綠燈、主干道轉(zhuǎn)向燈亮、支干道綠燈、支干道轉(zhuǎn)向燈依次亮，在最后t0S（默認(rèn)為5S）閃爍。c）輸入輸出及信號(hào)設(shè)計(jì)： Por

4、t ( LCD_Clk : in STD_LOGIC;-50mhz時(shí)鐘 reset : in STD_LOGIC:='0'-復(fù)位 sensor:in std_logic :='0'-特殊情況時(shí)，兩邊都是紅燈 up:in std_logic :='0' ;-有效時(shí)調(diào)整時(shí)間時(shí)增大時(shí)間 down:in std_logic :='0'-有效時(shí)調(diào)整時(shí)間時(shí)減少時(shí)間 choose:in std_logic :='0'-選擇調(diào)整哪一個(gè)時(shí)間 control:in std_logic :='0'-有效時(shí)可以暫停，調(diào)整時(shí)

5、間 LCD_RS : out STD_LOGIC; LCD_RW : out STD_LOGIC; LCD_EN : out STD_LOGIC; redax,greenax ,greenay:out std_logic;-主干道的紅燈和兩個(gè)綠燈，greenay為左轉(zhuǎn)燈 redbx,greenbx ,greenby:out std_logic;-支干道的紅燈和兩個(gè)綠燈，greenby為左轉(zhuǎn)燈 data : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (3 downto 0); -Lcd顯示type istate is(write_instr,write_dataup4,write_datadow

6、n4,set_addrup,set_addrdown,ret_homeup,ret_homedown);signal state:istate;signal cnt_clk,clk500:std_logic;-分別為1hz，500hzsignal cnt:integer range 0 to 15:=0;signal cntnumh,cntnuml:integer range 0 to 9;-輸入到數(shù)碼管的數(shù)字signal countnum:integer ;-計(jì)數(shù)器signal reda,greena,greena1,redb,greenb,greenb1:std_logic;-各交通燈對(duì)應(yīng)

7、的信?signal t:integer range 0 to 99;-要輸入lcd中的數(shù)字d）基本模塊設(shè)計(jì)：1）字符譯碼函數(shù)function putc(data:character) return std_logic_vector is -字符譯碼函數(shù)，將字符顯示在lcd上variable result:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);begincase data iswhen 'o'=>result:=conv_std_logic_vector(111,8);when 'u'=> result:=conv_std_logi

8、c_vector(117,8);when 'C'=> result:=conv_std_logic_vector(67,8);when 'n'=> result:=conv_std_logic_vector(110,8);when 't'=> result:=conv_std_logic_vector(116,8);when 'e'=> result:=conv_std_logic_vector(101,8);when 'r'=> result:=conv_std_logic_vect

9、or(114,8);when ':'=> result:=conv_std_logic_vector(58,8);when others => result:=conv_std_logic_vector(32,8);end case;return result;end putc;2）數(shù)字譯碼函數(shù)function putn(num:in integer range 0 to 9) return std_logic_vector is -數(shù)字譯碼函數(shù)，將數(shù)字顯示在lcd上variable fig:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);begincas

10、e num iswhen 0=>fig:="00110000"when 1=> fig:="00110001"when 2=> fig:="00110010"when 3=> fig:="00110011"when 4=> fig:="00110100"when 5=> fig:="00110101"when 6=> fig:="00110110"when 7=> fig:="00110111&qu

11、ot;when 8=> fig:="00111000"when 9=> fig:="00111001"end case;return fig;end putn;3）分頻，由50Mhz得到500hz，驅(qū)動(dòng)lcd process(LCD_Clk)-分頻，得到500hz時(shí)鐘variable n3:integer range 0 to 49999;beginif rising_edge(LCD_Clk) thenif n3<49999 thenn3:=n3+1;elsen3:=0;clk500<=not clk500;end if;end

12、 if;end process;4）分頻，由500hz得到1hz，作為交通燈控制器輸入process(clk500)-分頻，得到1hz時(shí)鐘variable n:integer range 0 to 249;beginif rising_edge(clk500) thenif n<249 thenn:=n+1;elsen:=0;cnt_clk<=not cnt_clk;end if;end if;end process;5）主要功能實(shí)現(xiàn)：process(cnt_clk,reset,choose,up,down,control,t)-實(shí)現(xiàn)各種要求功能，包括倒計(jì)時(shí)顯示，紅綠燈（含左轉(zhuǎn)燈）

13、轉(zhuǎn)換，以及轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間調(diào)整variable m:integer range 0 to 4 ;-m表示轉(zhuǎn)換的是哪一個(gè)時(shí)間（t0-t4中哪一個(gè)）variable count : natural range 0 to 99;-計(jì)數(shù)器，將正計(jì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為倒計(jì)數(shù)variable t0:integer range 0 to 99 :=5;-綠燈閃爍時(shí)間variable t1:integer range 0 to 99 :=79;-主干道綠燈亮的時(shí)間variable t2:integer range 0 to 99 :=20;-主干道左轉(zhuǎn)燈亮的時(shí)間variable t3:integer range 0 to 99:

14、=20;-支干道綠燈亮的時(shí)間variable t4:integer range 0 to 99:=10;-支干道左轉(zhuǎn)燈亮的時(shí)間beginif reset='1' then-1-復(fù)位，計(jì)數(shù)器清零，m，t0-t4賦初值 countnum<=0; m:=0; t0:=5; t1:=79; t2:=20; t3:=20; t4:=10;elsif control='1' then-可調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間或暫停if rising_edge(cnt_clk) then-2if choose ='1' then 選擇t0-t4中的哪一個(gè) 3if m=4 then -

15、4m:=0;-m在0-4之間循環(huán)else m:=m+1;end if; -4t<=m;-顯示melse -choose為0時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)所選時(shí)間 3if up='1' then -tx增大 -4if m =0 then -調(diào)整t0，即閃爍時(shí)間，上限為7s， 5if t0=7 then -6t0:=5;else t0:=t0+1;end if; -6t<=t0;-顯示t0elsif m=1 then-調(diào)整t1，上限99sif t1=99 then -6t1:=79;else t1:=t1+1;end if; -6t<=t1;-顯示t1elsif m=2 then-調(diào)整t

16、2，上限為30sif t2=30 then -6t2:=20;else t2:=t2+1;end if; -6t<=t2;-顯示t2elsif m=3 then -調(diào)整t3，上限為30sif t3=30 then -6t3:=20;else t3:=t3+1;end if; -6t<=t3;-顯示t3elsif m=4 then-調(diào)整t4，上限為15sif t4=15 then -6t4:=10;else t4:=t4+1;end if; -6t<=t4;-顯示t4end if; -5elsif down='1' then -tx減小 4if m =0 the

17、n -調(diào)整t0，即閃爍時(shí)間，下限為2s， 5if t0=2 then -6t0:=5;else t0:=t0-1;end if; -6t<=t0;-顯示t0elsif m=1 then-調(diào)整t1，下限為39秒if t1=39 then -6t1:=79;else t1:=t1-1;end if; -6t<=t1;-顯示t1elsif m=2 then -調(diào)整t2，下限為10sif t2=10 then -6t2:=20;else t2:=t2-1;end if; -6t<=t2;-顯示t2elsif m=3 then -調(diào)整t3，下限10sif t3=10 then -6t3

18、:=20;else t3:=t3-1; end if;-6t<=t3;-顯示t3elsif m=4 then-調(diào)整t4，下限8sif t4=8 then -6t4:=10;else t4:=t4-1;end if;-6t<=t4; -顯示t4end if; -5end if; -4end if; -3end if; -2elsif rising_edge(cnt_clk) then -此時(shí)reset=0if countnum=t1+t2+t3+t4 then -2記數(shù)到整周期時(shí)，記數(shù)器清零countnum<=0;elsecountnum<=countnum+1; -計(jì)數(shù)

19、器小于整周期時(shí)，正常記數(shù)end if; -2if sensor='1' then -2 sensor信號(hào)有效期間，表示緊急情況兩組路燈都為紅燈reda<='1'redb<='1'greena<='0'greenb<='0'greena1<='0'greenb1<='0'elseif countnum<=t1-t0 then-3主干道綠燈亮且非閃爍，支干道紅燈亮 reda<='0'greena<='1'

20、;greena1 <= '0'redb<='1'greenb<='0'greenb1<='0' elsif countnum<=t1 then -主干道綠燈亮且閃爍，支干道紅燈亮 reda<='0'greena<=not greena;greena1<= '0'redb<='1'greenb<='0'greenb1<='0'elsif countnum<=t1+t2-t0 then

21、 -主干道左轉(zhuǎn)綠燈亮且非閃爍，支干道紅燈亮 reda<='0'greena<='0'greena1 <= '1'redb<='1'greenb<='0'greenb1<='0'elsif (countnum<=t1+t2) then -主干道左轉(zhuǎn)綠燈亮且閃爍，支干道紅亮reda<='0'greena<='0'greena1 <= not greena1;redb<='1'greenb&l

22、t;='0'greenb1<='0'elsif (countnum<=t1+t2+t3-t0) then -支干道綠燈亮且非閃爍，主干道紅燈亮 reda<='1'greena<='0'greena1 <= '0'redb<='0'greenb<='1'greenb1<='0'elsif (countnum<=t1+t2+t3) then -支干道綠燈亮且閃爍，主干道紅燈亮 reda<='1'g

23、reena<='0'greena1 <= '0'redb<='0'greenb<=not greenb;greenb1<='0'elsif (countnum<=t1+t2+t3+t4-t0) then -支干道左轉(zhuǎn)綠燈亮且非閃爍，主干道紅燈亮 reda<='1'greena<='0'greena1 <= '0'redb<='0'greenb<='0'greenb1<='1

24、'elsif (countnum<=t1+t2+t3+t4) then -支干道左轉(zhuǎn)綠燈亮且閃爍，主干道紅燈亮 reda<='1'greena<='0'greena1 <= '0'redb<='0'greenb<='0'greenb1<=not greenb1;end if; -3end if; -2-下面將正計(jì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為倒計(jì)數(shù)-if countnum<=t1 then -2count:=t1-countnum; -主干道綠燈亮，支干道紅燈亮?xí)r倒計(jì)時(shí)elsif

25、countnum<=t1+t2 then -主干道左轉(zhuǎn)綠燈亮，支干道紅燈亮?xí)r倒計(jì)時(shí)count:=t1+t2-countnum;elsif countnum<=t1+t2+t3 then-支干道綠燈亮，主干道紅燈亮 時(shí)倒計(jì)時(shí)count:=t1+t2+t3-countnum;elsif countnum<=t1+t2+t3+t4 then-支干道左轉(zhuǎn)綠燈亮，主干道紅燈亮 時(shí)倒計(jì)時(shí)count:=t1+t2+t3+t4-countnum; end if; -2-上面將正計(jì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為倒計(jì)數(shù)- t<=count;-顯示countend if; -1-以下代碼為分位譯碼-if t>

26、;=90 then -1cntnumh<=9;cntnuml<=t-90;elsif t>=80 thencntnumh<=8;cntnuml<=t-80;elsif t>=70 thencntnumh<=7;cntnuml<=t-70;elsif t>=60 thencntnumh<=6;cntnuml<=t-60;elsif t>=50 thencntnumh<=5;cntnuml<=t-50;elsif t>=40 thencntnumh<=4;cntnuml<=t-40;elsif t

27、>=30 thencntnumh<=3;cntnuml<=t-30;elsif t>=20 thencntnumh<=2;cntnuml<=t-20;elsif t>=10 thencntnumh<=1;cntnuml<=t-10;elsecntnumh<=0;cntnuml<=t;end if;-1-以上代碼為分位譯碼-各信號(hào)賦給各輸出的交通燈greenax<=greena;-主干綠燈greenay<=greena1;-主干左轉(zhuǎn)綠燈greenbx<=greenb;-支干道綠燈greenby<=green

28、b1;-支干道左轉(zhuǎn)綠燈redax<=reda;-主干紅燈redbx<=redb;-支干道綠燈end process;主要功能仿真如下：a)、reset為1時(shí)，初始化。為0時(shí)，會(huì)從79倒計(jì)時(shí)，主干道綠燈亮，支干道紅燈亮，sensor為1時(shí)，主干道和支干道都為紅燈亮：b)默認(rèn)情況下倒計(jì)時(shí)到最后5S時(shí)會(huì)閃爍顯示，并切換到下一狀態(tài)，繼續(xù)倒計(jì)時(shí)：c）如果reset=0且control為1時(shí)，暫停計(jì)數(shù)，此時(shí)若choose為1，則會(huì)在0-4之間循環(huán)計(jì)數(shù)，選擇調(diào)節(jié)哪一個(gè)時(shí)間（t0-t4），若choose改為0，就會(huì)暫停計(jì)數(shù)：d）此時(shí)（reset=0，control=1，choose=0）若選擇do

29、wn=1或up=1，則會(huì)減計(jì)數(shù)（默認(rèn)值到最小值循環(huán)）或加計(jì)數(shù)（默認(rèn)值到最大值循環(huán)）調(diào)整當(dāng)前選中的時(shí)間t：（當(dāng)前選的t0，閃爍時(shí)間，最后調(diào)整為7s）e）若將control置于0 ，則會(huì)接著倒計(jì)時(shí)，就像最初初始化時(shí)，但此時(shí)調(diào)整后的時(shí)間生效（這里閃爍時(shí)間改為7s）：6）顯示process(clk500,reset)-lcd上顯示數(shù)字和字符beginif reset='1' then-復(fù)位時(shí)不顯示state<=write_instr;LCD_RS<='0'cnt<=0;elsif rising_edge(clk500) then-顯示數(shù)字或字符case

30、 state iswhen write_instr=>LCD_RS<='0'case cnt is when 0=> data<="0011"when 1=> data<="0011"when 2=> data<="0011"when 3=> data<="0010"when 4=> data<="0010"when 5=> data<="1000"when 6=> da

31、ta<="0000"when 7=> data<="0110"when 8=> data<="0000"when 9=> data<="1100"when 10=> data<="0000"when 11=> data<="0001"when others=> data<="0000"end case;if cnt=11 thencnt<=0;state<=write

32、_dataup4;elsecnt<=cnt+1;state<=write_instr;end if;when write_dataup4=>LCD_RS<='1'case cnt iswhen 0=> data<=putc('C')(7 downto 4);when 1=> data<=putc('o')(7 downto 4);when 2=> data<=putc('u')(7 downto 4);when 3=> data<=putc('n

33、9;)(7 downto 4);when 4=> data<=putc('t')(7 downto 4);when 5=> data<=putc('e')(7 downto 4);when 6=> data<=putc('r')(7 downto 4);when 7=> data<=putc(':')(7 downto 4);when 8=> data<=putn(cntnumh)(7 downto 4);when 9=> data<=putn(cntnuml

34、)(7 downto 4);when others=>data<="0000"end case;state<=write_datadown4;when write_datadown4=>case cnt iswhen 0=> data<=putc('C')(3 downto 0);when 1=> data<=putc('o')(3 downto 0);when 2=> data<=putc('u')(3 downto 0);when 3=> data<=putc('n')(3 downto 0);when 4=> data<=putc('t')(3 downto 0);when 5=> data<=putc('e')(3 downto 0);whe