決戰(zhàn)高考英語專題講義名詞性從句

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載決戰(zhàn) 2011 高考英語專題講義名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句，它們在復(fù)合句中的功用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此稱為名詞性從句，在句中分別作主語、表語、賓語和同位語。1 When he will come is still unknown.2 I don t know who has watered the fields.3 The problem is that we need more money.4 Have you heard the news that our team won the game?1主語從句：在復(fù)合句中作句子主語的從句。引導(dǎo)詞：連詞that、

2、whether;疑問代詞who, what, which;疑問副詞when, where, how, why(1)連詞 that（無詞意） , whether( 是否 ), 在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，只起連接作用whether 能引導(dǎo)主語從句，而if 不能。That you don t like him has nothing to do with me.;Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.（ 2）疑問代詞 who, what, which, 在從句中既作連接詞又充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等。 Who will be

3、sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.Which school will win the prize is not known.Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.Whichever you take will be yours.Whoever wants this book may take it.

4、Whatever was said here must be kept secret.(3) 疑問副詞 when, where, how, why 在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語、地點狀語、方式狀語、原因狀語When they will start hasn t been decided yet.Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.Why he ofte

5、n comes here is known to us all.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(4) 用 it 作形式主語的主語從句常用的句型有：It s said thatIt is certain thatIt seems/ happens thatIt s possible/ important/ necessary/ clear that 該句型從句的謂語,動詞使用虛擬語氣形式：should+動詞原形。It is necessary that we should learn some English grammar.2.表語從句：在復(fù)合句中作句子表語的從句引導(dǎo)詞有that, whether, wha

6、t, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, because等（ 1）引導(dǎo)表語從句的that不省略，that僅起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無任何意義The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.(2)the reason 后面的表語從句只能用 that 引導(dǎo)，我們學(xué)生易犯“ the reason is because ”的錯誤The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that

7、 she is both clever and hard-working.(3) 在表示命令 order 等，建議 suggestion, advice 等的名詞后的表語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣：should+ 動詞原形， should 可省略His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.(4) whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，表“是否” ，它在從句中不充當(dāng)成分， if 不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。The question is whether we can rely on him.(5)

8、 連接代詞 what, which, who, whom, whose 除起連接作用外，還在從句中做主語、賓語、表語和定語。That s what he is worried about（.在從句作中賓語）The problem is who can do the work. （在從句中作主語）（ 6）連接副詞when, where, why, how 起連接作用外，還在從句中作狀語。That s why I was late.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載That is where he was born.That is how he did it.(6) 連詞 because引導(dǎo)表語從句，只用在That

9、/This/It is because結(jié)構(gòu)中That is because she often works hard.3賓語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語的成分。賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓語， 也可作動詞不定式等非謂語動詞形式的賓語，還可作某些形容詞的賓語從句。Jenny thought (that) her teacher was unfair.I d like to know which one is your husband.I am sure (that) he won t mind.It all depends on whether they will support us

10、.4.同位語從句：一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以解釋或說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容。經(jīng)常帶同位語從句的名詞有 fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question 等。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that, whether；連接代詞 who, which, what 和連接副詞 where, when, why, how 等（ 1）that, whether 只起連接作用，不在從句中作任何成分。The idea that England stands for

11、fish& chips is past.There is no doubt that the price of cars will go down.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.( 不能用 if)(2) 連接代詞 who, which, what 和連接副詞 where, when, why, how 在從句中作相應(yīng)成分。 He can t answer the question how he got the money.The question who shoul

12、d go abroad requires consideration.I have no idea which one I should choose.I ve got a pretty good idea why they left early.The question where we should go has not been discussed.I have no idea when Jack will be back.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed.我們表達了他們曾經(jīng)表達過的

13、那種希望。（定語從句）We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.我們表示希望他們再來中國訪問。（同位語從句）1）從語法角度上看，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that 是連詞，只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何句子成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that 是關(guān)系代詞， 除起連接作用外，還在從句中作主語或賓語等句子成分。2）從語義角度上看， 同位語從句與前面的名詞hope 是同位關(guān)系，表示 hope的內(nèi)容是they would come to visit China again 。因而同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞作補充說明；而定語

14、從句與它前面的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，表示“ 的”（他們曾經(jīng)表示過的） ，起修飾作用，因此定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞。3）同位語從句的連詞that 不能省略，而定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that，當(dāng)其在從句中作賓語中，可省略，作主語也不可省略。I ve heard the news that he visited our factory.I ve heard the news that he told you the other day.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.The news that is spreading aro