中高級口譯必備詞匯第六章_生態(tài)_自然_環(huán)保.doc

1、第六章生態(tài)、自然和環(huán)保SECTION I:英譯中Aa killing frost嚴(yán)寒a(chǎn)brasionn. 侵蝕；磨損acid rainn.酸雨詳析 Acid rain is an air pollution produced when acid chemicals are incorporated into rain, snow, fog or mist. The "acid" in acid rain comes from sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, products of burning coal and other fuels

2、 and from certain industrial processes.acidificationn. 土地酸化afforestationn. 綠化造林agricultural ecology農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)air emission standards空氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)air pollution空氣污染air pollution emission空氣污染排放（物）algae n. 藻類，海藻alternative fuels - 替代燃料詳析 Alternative fuels include compressed natural gas, alcohols, liquefied petroleum

3、 gas （ LPG）， and electricity.altituden. 海拔ample rainfalln. 充足的雨量annual temperature range年氣溫幅度anomalies n.反常（現(xiàn)象）aquatic life水生植物aridadj. 干旱的artificial rainn. 人工降雨ashn. 灰燼atmosphere（ The）n. 大氣層Autumnal Equinox（fall equinox ） 秋分（ 9 月 22 日左右）擴(kuò)展 Vernal Equinox（spring equinox ）春分（ 3 月 21 日左右）Bbiospheren.

4、生物圈詳析 The terrestrial biosphere includes the living biota（plants and animals ）and the litter and soil organic matter on land, and the marine biosphere includes the biota and detritus in the oceans.biota n. 生態(tài) 生物區(qū)詳析 Biota means the animal and plant（fauna and flora ） life of a given area.barrier effec

5、t of mountains山的阻隔效應(yīng)、柵欄效應(yīng)beachgoer n.海灘游客biomesn. 生物群系black holen. 黑洞詳析 Black hole is a place where the gravity is so strong that light can't even escape from it. how would you know where to look for it? it can also be interpreted as gateways to an alternative universe.Ccanopyn. 樹冠， 華蓋car exhaus

6、tn.汽車尾氣carbon dioxide（CO2）n. 二氧化碳carbon monoxide（CO） n. 一氧化碳Clean Air Actn. 清潔空氣法案詳析 The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments are the most far-reaching revisions of the 1970 law. In this summary, we refer to the 1990 amendments as the 1990 Clean Air Act.clean energyn. 清潔能源clean fuelsn. 清潔燃料詳析 Low-pollution

7、 fuels that can replace ordinary gasolineclimaten. 氣候climatic anomaly氣候異常climatic zones氣候帶glossary 擴(kuò)展 Temperate溫帶（氣候）the cool temperate zone寒溫帶the warm temperate zone暖溫帶Tropical熱帶（氣候）Subtropical亞熱帶（氣候）Tundra苔原（氣候）Equatorial 赤道（氣候）Arid干旱（氣候）Mediterranean地中海式（氣候）Polar （ arctic ）極地（氣候）Mountains高山（氣候）Pl

8、ateau 高原 （氣候）Maritime海洋性（氣候）Continental climate大陸氣候clintn. 石芽coastlinen. 海岸線combustionn. 燃燒cometn.彗星confluencen. 匯流（處）詳析 A confluence is where a river joins another river.contaminationn. 污染continental plate大陸板塊continental shelves大陸架contingencyn. 偶發(fā)事件convection n 對流corrasionn. 侵蝕cost-effectiveadj.成本效

9、益好的，合算的cumulonimbus cloudsn. 積雨云Ddaily maximum temperaturesn. 日最高氣溫daily minimum temperaturesn. 日最低氣溫death tolln. 死亡人數(shù)debris flow泥石流decomposition n.分解，腐爛deep watern. 深冷水區(qū)deforestation n. 森林砍伐例子 Efforts have been made to stop deforestation -the removal of foreststands by cutting and burning to provid

10、e land for agricultural purposes, residential or industrial building sites, roads, etc. or by harvesting the trees for building materials or fuel.desertification n. （土壤）沙漠化，荒漠化例子 Overgrazing of rangelands, large-scale cutting of forests and woodlands, drought, and burning of extensive areas all serv

11、e to destroy or degrade the land cover and cause desertification.domestic sewagen. 生活污水droughtn. 旱災(zāi)dust stormn. 沙塵暴Eearthquaken. 地震earthquake magnitude震級eco-agriculture生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)ecological impact生態(tài)影響ecosystemn. 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)詳析 An ecosystem is defined as place having unique physical features,encompassing air, water

12、, and land, and habitats supporting plant and animal life.eco-technology生態(tài)技術(shù)eddyn. / v.旋渦，起旋渦El Nino Southern Oscillation（ENSO） （氣候?qū)W）厄爾尼諾南徊現(xiàn)象詳析 厄爾尼諾是 西班牙語 "El Nino" 的音譯。厄爾尼諾洋流南美洲西海岸海洋表面的一支暖洋流， 那時海底不再有冷的、 豐富營養(yǎng)的海水， 能引起鯨魚和魚類的死亡并且影響大部分太平洋地區(qū)的氣候。 在南美厄瓜多爾和秘魯沿岸， 海水每年都會出現(xiàn)季節(jié)性增暖現(xiàn)象， 因為這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生在圣誕節(jié)前后， 則被

13、當(dāng)?shù)貪O民稱為厄爾尼諾 -即"圣嬰 "（上帝之子）的意思?，F(xiàn)在厄爾尼諾一詞已被氣象和海洋學(xué)家用來專門指發(fā)生在赤道太平洋東部和中部海水大范圍持續(xù)異常增暖的現(xiàn)象（在海洋氣象學(xué)中規(guī)定，該海域海水表層溫度高出氣候平均值 0.5 以上，且持續(xù)時間超過 6 個月以上時定為厄爾尼諾出現(xiàn)）。The term El Ninomeans Christ Child and was first used by Peruvianfishermen in the late 1800 s to describe the warm current appearing off thewestern coast

14、 of Peru around Christmas time. El Nino, and its sister event - LaNina - are the extreme phases of the southern oscillation, with El Nino referringto a warming of the eastern tropical Pacific, and La Nina a cooling.又見 L 詞條中 La Nina phenomenon拉尼娜現(xiàn)象emissionn. 排氣 （如汽車廢氣等）；排放物environmentn. 環(huán)境詳析 Environm

15、ent refers to the sum of all external conditions affecting the life, development, and survival of an organism.Environment Abstracts環(huán)境文摘簡稱EAenvironmental auditing環(huán)境審核environmental awareness環(huán)保意識environmental benefit環(huán)境效益environmental degradation環(huán)境惡化environmental hazards環(huán)境危機(jī)environmental lapse rate氣溫垂直遞

16、減率（如由山地地形引起）environmental management環(huán)境管理environmental threats環(huán)境威脅environmentalistn. 環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者epicentern. 震中Equatorn. 赤道equatorial zone赤道地區(qū)existing environmental regulations現(xiàn)有環(huán)境規(guī)范條例extinct species滅絕的物種Ffjordn. 峽灣firnn. 積雪；萬年雪；冰原詳析 Material that is transitional between snow and glacier ice. It is formed

17、 from snow after passing through one summer melt season and becomes glacier ice after its permeability to liquid water falls to zero.floodn. 洪水；洪災(zāi)food chain食物鏈詳析 A sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next lower member of the sequence as a food source.forest coverage rate森林覆蓋率forestationn.

18、造林fossil fuel礦物燃料如石油、煤、天然氣等，由古代生物衍生而成詳析 Any hydrocarbon deposit that can be burned for heat or power, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.freshwater pollution淡水污染fungi （plural form of fungus ） n. 真菌 （包括酵母、霉菌、擔(dān)子菌和蘑菇等）詳析 Molds, mildews, yeasts, mushrooms, and puffballs, a group of organisms that

19、lack chlorophyll and therefore are not photosynthetic.glossary 擴(kuò)展 moldsn. 霉菌bacterian. 細(xì)菌virusesn.病毒Ggalaxyn. 星系，銀河詳析 1. A galaxy refers to a system of about 100 billion stars.2. The Milky Way銀河系generan.（生物學(xué)）屬，類geothermal energy n.地?zé)崮躦lacier n.冰河global warming全球變暖例句 Worldwide temperatures have been

20、rising which suggests a global warming. 全世界溫度上升，說明全球正在變暖。GMT（Greenwich Mean Time ） 格林威治平時gorgen. 山峽例句 Geological early-warning system has been set up in three gorges.在三峽建了地質(zhì)預(yù)警系統(tǒng)grain for green退耕還林（還草）grasslandn 草地，草原greenhouse effectn. 溫室效應(yīng)詳析 There is concern that increasing concentrations of greenh

21、ouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, may enhance the greenhouse effect and cause global warming.greenhouse gasesn. 溫室氣體ground covern. 地被植物詳析 Ground cover refers to plants grown to keep soil from eroding.ground depressionn.面沉降；地面塌陷groundwatern. 地下水詳析 It means the supply of fresh water fo

22、und beneath the surface of the Earth（ usually in aquifers ） that often supplies wells and springs.Hhabitatn. 自然環(huán)境，棲息地Hazardous air pollutants（HAPs）危害性空氣污染物詳析 chemicals that cause serious health and environmental effects.hazardous chemicals有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)hazardous substance危險品，有害物質(zhì)hazardous waste危險廢棄物hazen. 薄

23、霧，霾headlandn.岬heat island effect熱島效應(yīng)詳析 Cities form heat islands due to increased carbon dioxide.herbivoren. 食草動物詳析 Herbivore is an animal that feeds on plants.Himalayas喜馬拉雅山（脈）hot springs溫泉擴(kuò)展 geysers間歇泉human exp osure人體照射hydrocarbonn. 氮氫化合物，烴hydrologyn. 水文地理學(xué)Iice age冰河時期，冰川代詳析 Ice Age refers to the

24、latest glacial epoch, the Pleistocene Epoch.ice sheet （continental glacier ）（地）大冰原；冰盾詳析 During the Pleistocene Epoch, ice sheets covered large parts of North America and northern Europe but they are now confined to polar regions （e.g., Greenland and Antarctica ）。ice shelf（海）冰架industrial solid wastes

25、工業(yè)固體廢物infiltration（ soil ） n. 滲透詳析 Infiltration means movement of water from the ground surface into thesoil.infraredn. 紅外線詳析 light that is so red humans cannot see itinfrared radiation紅外線輻射詳析 Abbreviated IR; also called "longwave radiation".（簡寫為 IR， 又稱長波輻射）insolationn. 暴曬；（醫(yī)）中暑internation

26、al energy forum國際能源 論壇international energy foundation國際能源組織isothermn. 等溫線詳析 A line that joins places with the same temperature.isotopen. 化 同位素Kkarst n. 喀斯特地形（由于腐蝕而產(chǎn)生裂隙，落水洞，潛流和洞穴的不規(guī)則的石灰?guī)r地區(qū)）a karst cave水蝕石灰洞；溶洞LLa Nina phenomenon（氣候）拉尼娜現(xiàn)象詳析 拉尼娜：拉尼娜是 西班牙語 "La Nina"-" 小女孩 " 的意思。氣象和海洋

27、學(xué)家用來專門指發(fā)生在赤道太平洋東部和中部海水大范圍持續(xù)異常變冷的現(xiàn)象 （海水表層溫度低出氣候平均值 0.5 以上，且持續(xù)時間超過 6 個月以上）。拉尼娜也稱反厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象。厄爾尼諾與拉尼娜現(xiàn)象通常交替出現(xiàn)， 對氣候的影響大致相反，通過海洋與大氣之間的能量交換，改變大氣環(huán)流而影響氣候的變化。從近 50 年的監(jiān)測資料看，厄爾尼諾出現(xiàn)頻率多于拉尼娜，強(qiáng)度也大于拉尼娜。又見 E 詞條中 El Nino Southern Oscillation （ENSO） （氣候?qū)W）厄爾尼諾南徊現(xiàn)象land subsidence地面沉降lapse rate（山區(qū)）氣溫垂直遞減梯度latitudes緯度longitud

28、es經(jīng)度life zone（生） 生物帶lavan. 熔巖，火山巖leading-edge research尖端研究lightningn. 閃電limestone scenery巖溶景色詳析 Limestone scenery, or karst, forms some of the most attractive scenery in Britain.litterv. 亂扔垃圾littern. （樹林里的）枯枝落葉層local topography當(dāng)?shù)氐匦蜯marine pollutionn.海洋污染marshn.濕地，沼澤詳析 Marsh is a type of wetland that

29、 does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation.marsh gas ；methanen. 沼氣mean annual temperaturesn.年平均氣溫mean monthly temperaturesn.月平均氣溫Mediterraneann. /adj.地中海 （的）melting Snown. 融雪meteor showern.流星雨micro-climatesn.小氣候microorganismn.微生物mid and high latitudes中高緯

30、度地區(qū)mineraln. 礦物mistn. 薄霧moist air潮濕空氣moldyadj. 霉?fàn)€的monsoonn. 季候風(fēng)；（印度等地的）雨季，季風(fēng)詳析 The monsoons are strongest in the southern and eastern sides of Asia, but also occur along the coasts of tropical regions wherever the planetary circulation is not strong enough to inhibit them.mosquito controln. 蚊蟲控制moun

31、tainous regionn. 山區(qū)mouth n. 入河口（入?？冢┰斘?A mouth is where a river meets the sea or an ocean.Nnatural selectionn. 生 自然選擇，物競天擇說詳析 The process of survival of the fittest by which organisms that adapt to their environment survive while those that do not adapt disappear.Natural disasters/ hazardsn. 自然災(zāi)害、危害

32、擴(kuò)展 debris flown. 泥石流droughtn. 干旱dust stormn. 沙塵暴extratropical cyclonen. 溫帶氣旋earthquaken. 地震floodingn. 洪水，水災(zāi)forest firen. 森林火災(zāi)hail n.冰雹hurricanen. 颶風(fēng)hurricane warning n. 颶風(fēng)警報hurricane watchn. 颶風(fēng)監(jiān)視storm surge n. 風(fēng)暴潮tidal wave（ a tsunami ） n. 海嘯tornadon. 旋風(fēng)， 龍卷風(fēng)tropical cyclonen. 熱帶氣旋tropical stormn. 熱

33、帶風(fēng)暴typhoonn. 臺風(fēng)volcano eruptingn. 火山暴發(fā)natural reserve / natural preservation zone自然保護(hù)區(qū)natural resource protection areas自然資源保護(hù)區(qū)nature-nurture先天與后天；遺傳與環(huán)境nebula（pl. nebulae ）n. 星云nitrogen dioxiden. 二氧化氮Nitrogen oxiden. 一氧化氮noise pollutionn. 噪音污染nutrientadj. 有營養(yǎng)的Oopacityn. 不透明性詳析 A glass window has almo

34、st 0% opacity, whereas a concrete wall has 100% opacity.ocean currents洋流ocean tide海潮oceanic plate海洋板塊oil spill石油泄漏organismn.生物體，有機(jī)體Ppestn. 害蟲， 瘟疫pesticide n.殺蟲劑photosynthesisn. 光合作用planetn. 行星擴(kuò)展 Planet Earth地球Planet Jupiter木星Planet mars火星Planet Mercury水星Planet Neptune海王星Planet Pluto 冥王星Planet Saturn

35、土星Planet Uranus天王星Planet Venus金星planktonn. 浮游生物詳析 plankton refers to passively floating or weakly motile aquatic plants（ phytoplankton 浮游植物） and animals （zooplankton 浮游動物 ）。 polar adj. （南，北）極的Pollutantn. 污染物質(zhì)Pollution Abstracts污染文摘簡稱PApollution indexn. 污染指數(shù)power plantn. 發(fā)電站，發(fā)電廠precipitationn. 降水（暴雨、

36、雪、凍雪或冰雹降落到地表的任何形式的水）詳析 Any or all forms of liquid or solid water particles that fall from the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface. It includes drizzle, rain, snow, snow pellets, snow grains, ice crystals, ice pellets, and hail.primary energyn. 一次能源primary pollutantn. 一次污染物protect natural ha

37、bitats保護(hù)生存環(huán)境PST = Pacific Standard Time太平洋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間擴(kuò)展 GMT = Greenwich Mean Time（time at 0 long. ） 格林尼治平時EST = Eastern Standard Time （美國）東部時間QQinghai-Tibet plateau青藏高原quaken. 震動； 地震Rradiation protection輻射防護(hù)radioactive materials放射性物質(zhì)rainfalln. 下雨，雨量rare or endangered species珍稀瀕危物種recyclen. 回收red tide（rapid

38、 propagation of sea algae）n. 紅潮reflectivityn. 反射率releasen. 釋放renewable resources 可再生資源reservoirn.水庫，蓄水池例子：One of the goals is to have Three Gorges Dam act as a reservoir during China s flood season.residue n.殘余物resource degradationn. 資源消耗respirationn. 呼吸，呼吸作用Richter Scalen. 里氏地震強(qiáng)度表river basin流域Ssalt

39、 marshesn.鹽沼sand dunesn. 沙丘seasonal variationn.季節(jié)性波動secondary pollutantn. 二次污染物seismic （earthquake ） activityn. 地震seismic wavesn. 地震波sewage treatment/ disposaln. 污水處理shelterbeltn.防護(hù)林shrublandn. 灌木林地silviculturen. 造林學(xué)，林學(xué)詳析 Silviculture refers to management of forest land for timber.smogn. 工業(yè)煙霧，煙霧污染詳析

40、 a mixture of pollutants, principally ground-level ozone, produced by chemical reactions in the air involving smog-forming chemicals.soil alkalinizationn. 土壤堿化soil erosionn.土壤侵蝕solar cyclen.太陽活動周期solar windn. 太陽風(fēng)詳析 The wind from the Sun.source （ the start of a river） n. 源頭space trashn. 太空垃圾Stalactit

41、en. 地鐘乳詳析 Water dripping from the roofs of caves leave behind microscopic particles of calcium carbonate. These build up as icicle shaped stalactites.stalagmiten. 石筍stratosphere n. 氣 同溫層， 最上層， 最高階段 （也是 Las Vegas 賭城同名最高酒店）sulfur dioxiden. 二氧化硫sunspotn.太陽黑子詳析 A relatively dark, sharply defined region

42、on the solar diskSupernovan. 超新星surface albedon. 表面反照率surface watern. 地表水swampn.沼澤，濕地， 煤層聚水Ttemperateadj. 溫和的temperate climaten. 溫和的氣候temperature variationsn.氣溫變化the amount of rainfalln. 降雨量the biological diversityn. 生物多樣性the eyen. 風(fēng)眼詳析 the central part of the tropical stormthe Ganges恒河the ozone lay

43、ern. 臭氧層the Pacific Ring of Fire n. 太平洋火環(huán) （世界上最主要的火山帶，系環(huán)繞太平洋的邊緣分布，號稱 “火環(huán) ”）thermal pollutionn.熱污染thermal power plantsn. 熱電站three-D climaten. 立體氣候又見 E 詞條中 environmental lapse rate 氣溫垂直遞減率 （如由山地地形引起）Three Gorges Projectn. 三峽工程Three Gorges reservoirn. 三峽水庫tree-hugger n. 環(huán)境保護(hù)狂 （有時甚至以抱樹的方式來護(hù)樹或宣示捍衛(wèi)樹木的決心 -

44、 的環(huán)保人士）tropical rain forestn.熱帶雨林tropical stormn. 熱帶風(fēng)暴thundern. 雷， 雷聲toxic chemicalsn. 有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)tributariesn. 支流tropical stormn. 熱帶風(fēng)暴temperature inversion n.溫度逆增、逆溫現(xiàn)象詳析 Temperature inversion is one of the weather conditions that are often associated with serious smog episodes in some portions of the co

45、untrytephra n.火山灰詳析 Any rock material produced by a volcano.tundran. 苔原，凍土詳析 A type of ecosystem dominated by lichens, mosses, grasses, and woody plants. It is found at high latitudes （arctic tundra ） and high altitudes （alpine tundra ）。traffic congestion交通擁塞UUV （ ultraviolet ） n. 紫外線詳析 Light that i

46、s so blue humans cannot see it. A band of the electromagnetic spectrum between the visible and the X-ray. Photons of ultraviolet light are more energetic than photons of visible light.UNCED聯(lián)合國環(huán)境與發(fā)展大會（環(huán)發(fā)大會）unlead gasn. 無鉛汽油urban refusen. 城市垃圾urbanizationn. 城市化urbaniten. 都市人Vvaporn. /v. 蒸發(fā)vegetation covern. 植被覆蓋velocityn. 迅速，快速； 周轉(zhuǎn)率visibilityn. 可見度volcanic eruptionn. 火山噴發(fā)volcanoe