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1、電大無(wú)機(jī)及分析化學(xué)期末考試試題及答案一、判斷題 (每小題1分 共10分 ) 1鍵和鍵在分子中均可單獨(dú)存在。 ( )2系統(tǒng)誤差是不可測(cè)的。 ( )3極性分子間僅存在取向力,非極性分子間只存在色散力。 ( )4等價(jià)軌道處于全充滿(mǎn)、全空、半充滿(mǎn)狀態(tài)時(shí)原子能量較低。 ( )5施肥過(guò)多造成的“燒苗”現(xiàn)象,是由于植物細(xì)胞液的滲透壓小于土壤溶液的滲透壓引起的。 ( )6醋酸溶液經(jīng)稀釋后其解離度增大,因而可使其H+ 濃度增大。 ( )7BF3和NH3都具有平面三角形的空間結(jié)構(gòu)。 ( )8CO2與CH4的偶極矩均為零。 ( )9共價(jià)鍵和氫鍵均有飽和性與方向性。 ( )10在消除了系統(tǒng)誤差之后,測(cè)定結(jié)果的精密度越
2、高,準(zhǔn)確度也越高。 ( )選擇題 ( 每小題2分,共30分 )1質(zhì)量摩爾濃度的單位是( )。 A. mol·L-1 B. mol·kg-1 C. g·L-1 D. mg·g-12已知反應(yīng)H2(g)S(s)H2S(g)和S(s)O2(g) SO2(g)的平衡常數(shù)為Ky1和Ky2,則反應(yīng): H2(g)SO2(g)H2S(g)O2(g)的平衡常數(shù)為( )。 A. Ky1Ky2 B. Ky1/Ky2 C. Ky1×Ky2 &
3、#160; D. Ky1-Ky2 3下列量子數(shù)取值錯(cuò)誤的是( )。 A. 3,2,2,+y B. 2,2,0,-y C. 3,2,1,+y D. 4,1,0,-y4主量子數(shù)n=3的電子層可容納的軌道數(shù)和電子數(shù)為( )。A. 3和6 B. 3和9 C. 6和12 D. 9和18 5下列鹵化氫分子極性由大到小的順序正確的是( )。A. HCl>HBr> HI >HF
4、 B. HI>HBr>HCl>HFC. HF> HI> HBr> HCl D. HF> HCl> HBr> HI6Fe3O4中鐵的氧化數(shù)是( )。 A. 2 B. -2 C. 8/3 D. 37下列關(guān)于分子間力的說(shuō)法正確的是( )。A. 分子型物質(zhì)的沸點(diǎn)總是隨相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量的增大而增加 B. 色散力存在于所有分子間C. 極性分子間僅存在取向力 D. 大多數(shù)含氫化合物中都存在氫鍵8能組成緩沖溶液的是( )。A. HAc-NaA
5、c B. NaCl-HCl C. NaOH-NaCl D. HCl-H2O 9定量分析工作要求測(cè)定結(jié)果的誤差( )。A. 在允許誤差范圍之內(nèi) B. 等于零 C. 略大于允許誤差 D. 沒(méi)有要求 10下列各式中,有效數(shù)字位數(shù)正確的是( )。A. 0.0978(4位) B. pH=3.24 (3位) C. pKa=1.80 (2位) D. 0.420(2位)11隨機(jī)誤差可通過(guò)( )方法減免。A. 對(duì)照試驗(yàn) B. 校正儀器 C. 空白試驗(yàn) D. 適當(dāng)增加平行測(cè)定次數(shù)12在Cu(NH3)42+配離子中,中心離子的配位數(shù)為( )。A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 613在NH4+ + OH- NH3&
6、#160; + H2O體系中,屬于質(zhì)子酸的物質(zhì)是( )。A. NH3與H3O+ B. OH-與NH4+C. NH4+與H2O D. OH-與NH314從錳在酸性溶液中的元素電勢(shì)圖可以看出,在酸性介質(zhì)中會(huì)發(fā)生歧化反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)是( )。A. MnO4- B. MnO42- C. MnO2 D. Mn2+15EDTA準(zhǔn)確直接滴定單一金屬離子M的條件是( )。A. lgKfy8 B. lgcM·Kfy6C. lgcM+lgKfy6 D. lgcM+lgKfy6 三、填空題 ( 共 25分 )1命名Cr(NH3)4Cl2NO
7、3為 ,中心離子為 ,配位原子為 ,配位數(shù)為 ,配體包括 。2在含有AgCl(s mol·L-1 的 AgNO3 , AgCl的溶解度將_,這是由于_的結(jié)果。3NH3分子中N的雜化方式為 雜化,空間構(gòu)型為 。BCl3分子中B的雜化方式為 雜化,空間構(gòu)型為 。4原電池中,發(fā)生還原反應(yīng)的電極為_(kāi)極,發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)的電極為_(kāi)極。5常用于標(biāo)定HCl溶液的基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)有 、 常用于標(biāo)定NaOH溶液的基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)有 、 。 624號(hào)元素的核外電子排布為 它位于元素周期表第 周期 族 區(qū)。7核外電子排布的三規(guī)則是 、 、 。四、計(jì)算題 (共 35分 )1(6分)取萘溶于100g苯中,測(cè)得該溶液的凝固點(diǎn)降低,
8、求萘的摩爾質(zhì)量(苯的凝固點(diǎn)下降常數(shù)為Kf 5.12 K·kg·mol-1)。2(6分)測(cè)定某蛋白質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)七次,數(shù)據(jù)為:79.58,79.45,79.47,79.50,79.62, 79.38, 79.80。求平均值、平均偏差、相對(duì)平均偏差、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差、相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差、極差。3有一含有Na2CO3和NaOH的混合物,稱(chēng)取試樣0.5895 g溶于水,用0.3000 mol·L-1 HCl標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液滴定至酚酞變色,消耗HCl 24.08mL,加入甲基橙,繼續(xù)用上述HCl標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液滴定,又消耗HCl 12.02mL,計(jì)算試樣中Na2CO3和NaOH的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。M(Na2CO3)
9、=·mol-1,M(NaOH)= g·mol-1。(8分)4,需要在1L mol·L-1L的NH3·H2O中加入多少克NH4Cl(設(shè)體積不變)。(NH3)=1.8×10-5,M(NH4Cl) = g·mol-1(8分)5y(Ag+ V, 向電極中加入KBr 使AgBr 沉淀達(dá)到溶解平衡時(shí),且c(Br-)=1.0 mol·L-1,求(Ag+/Ag) 已知 Kspy (AgBr) = 7.7×10-13)。(7分)習(xí)題答案一、判斷題1×;2×;3× ;4 ;5× ; 6×
10、; ;7× ;8;9;10二、選擇題1B;2B;3B;4D;5D;6C;7B;8A;9A 10C ;11D ;12B;13C;14B;15C 三、填空題 1硝酸二氯四氨合鉻(III); Cr3+; N, Cl; 6; NH3, Cl-2減??; 同離子效應(yīng)3sp3不等性; 三角錐形; sp2; 平面三角形4正; 負(fù)5Na2CO3; Na2B4O7·10H2O; H2C2O4·2H2O; KHC8H4O4624Cr:1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1; 4; VIB; d區(qū) 7泡利不相容原理; 能量最低原理; 洪特規(guī)則四、計(jì)算題1解: 苯的凝固點(diǎn)降低常數(shù)為Kf
11、 5.12 K·kg·mol11.07K 5.12 K·kg·mol-1× M127.8 g·mol-1解:平均值(79.58+ 79.45+79.47+79.50 +79.62+79.38+79.80)÷7 79.54%平均偏差0.11%相對(duì)平均偏差0.14%標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差0.14%相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差0.18%極差79.8079.380.42解:=24.55%=%4解:根據(jù)pH=lg所以9.5= =14 =14 4.74 故x=(7分)5解: Ag+ + e- Ag jy (Ag+/Ag) Ag+ + Br- AgBr Ksp = 7
12、.7×10-13 c (Ag+) = Ksp/c (Br-) = 7.7×10-13 g·mol-1j(Ag+/Ag) = jy (Ag+/Ag2lgc (Ag+) = 0.799 V23V 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)本科課程考試試題一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(每小題1.5分,共30分) 得分: 分1有三種非電解質(zhì)的稀溶液(都為水溶液),它們的沸點(diǎn)順序?yàn)镃>B>A,則它們的蒸氣壓曲線為( )。A B C D2CaO(s)+H2O(l)9 Ca(OH)2(s),在25ºC及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下反應(yīng)自發(fā)進(jìn)行,高溫時(shí)其逆反應(yīng)為自發(fā),這表明該反應(yīng)為( )類(lèi)型。 A. rHym &g
13、t; 0, rSym <0 B. rHym <0, rSym >0 C. rHym > 0, rSym >0 D. rHym <0, rSym <03在1073K下,反應(yīng)2NO(g)+2H2(g)=N2(g)+2H2O(g)的反應(yīng)速率如下表。 序號(hào)c(NO)/ (mol·L-1)c(H2)/( mol·L-1)v/(mol ·L-1 ·S-1)12.00×10-36.00×10-31.92×10-321.00×10-36.00×10-30.48×10-3
14、32.00×10-33.00×10-30.96×10-3該反應(yīng)的速率方程為( )。A. v=kc(NO)c(H2) B. v=kc2(NO)c2(H2) C. v=kc(NO)c2(H2) D. v=kc2(NO)c(H2) 4下列反應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾焓等于其產(chǎn)物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾生成焓的是( )。A. SO2(g)yO2(g)9SO3(g) B. yN2(g)yO2(g)9NO(g)C. 2H2(g)O2(g)92H2O(g) D. CO(g)yO2(g)9CO2(g)5反應(yīng)2A2B93C,對(duì)A是一級(jí)反應(yīng),對(duì)B是二級(jí)反應(yīng),其反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)k的單位為( )。A. s-1 B. m
15、ol·L-1·s-1 C. L·mol-1·s-1 D. L2·mol-2·s-16反應(yīng)2H2O2(g) 92H2O(g)+O2(g) rHym =-211.46 kJ·mol-1,對(duì)其逆反應(yīng)來(lái)說(shuō),下列說(shuō)法正確的是( )。A. Ky與溫度無(wú)關(guān) B. Ky隨溫度升高而增大C. Ky隨溫度升高而減小 D. 增加p(H2O2), Ky增大7幾個(gè)數(shù)字乘除運(yùn)算,計(jì)算結(jié)果有效數(shù)字的位數(shù)取決于( )。A.相對(duì)誤差最大的 B. 相對(duì)誤差最小的C.絕對(duì)誤差最大的 D. 絕對(duì)誤差最小的8若用雙指示劑法測(cè)定NaOH和Na2CO3組成的混合堿,則達(dá)
16、兩等量點(diǎn)時(shí),所需HCl標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的體積有如下關(guān)系( )。A.V1V2 B.V1V2 C9用四個(gè)量子數(shù)n、 l、 m、 ms表示某一電子的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),不合理的是( )。A. 3,2,-2,+y B. 3,1,1,+y C. 3,2,1,-y D. 3,0,1,-y10表示Fe3+的價(jià)電子層結(jié)構(gòu),正確的是( )。A. 3d64s2 B. 3d54s0 C. 3d34s2 D. 3d44s111離子鍵不具有飽和性,但離子能結(jié)合的相反電荷的離子的數(shù)量有限,原因是( )。A離子外空間有限B. 離子電荷的數(shù)量有限C. 離子結(jié)合的相反電荷的離子數(shù)量有限D(zhuǎn). 離子鍵的穩(wěn)定性有限12Fe(OH)3沉淀在下列介質(zhì)中溶
17、解度最大( )。A. 純水 B. 0.10 mol·L-1NH3·H2OC. 0.10 mol·L-1HAc D. 0.10 mol·L-1FeCl3 13下列電對(duì)中,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電位最大的是( )。A. AgBr/Ag B. Ag2CrO4/Ag C. Ag(NH3)2+/Ag D. Ag+/Ag 14某有色溶液,當(dāng)濃度減小時(shí),溶液的最大吸收波長(zhǎng)和吸光度分別( )。A. 向長(zhǎng)波方向移動(dòng),不變 B. 不變,變小C. 不變,最大 D. 向短波方向移動(dòng),不變15下列分子中,偶極矩為零的是( )。A. NF3 B. CHCl3 C. SiH4 D. OF216下列
18、物質(zhì)不可以作為基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)的是( )。 A. 硼砂 B. 鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀 C. 氫氧化鈉 D. 碳酸鈉17強(qiáng)酸滴定弱堿,以下指示劑不能使用的是( )。A. 甲基橙 B. 酚酞 C. 甲基紅 D. 溴甲酚綠18下列配離子在強(qiáng)酸介質(zhì)中,肯定能穩(wěn)定存在的為( )。A. AgCl2- B. AlF63- C. Mn(NH3)62+ D. Fe(C2O4)33-19下列物質(zhì)中的中心離子屬于sp3d2雜化的是( )。A. Cu(CN)42- B. FeF63- C. Cu(NH3)42+ D. Fe(CN)63-20已知溴在酸性介質(zhì)中的電極電位圖為 則下列說(shuō)法不正確的是( )。A. 酸性介質(zhì)中,溴元素中間價(jià)態(tài)
19、的物質(zhì)均易歧化B. 酸性介質(zhì)中,HBrO能發(fā)生歧化C. 酸性介質(zhì)中,BrO4-能將Br-氧化成為BrO3-D. 酸性介質(zhì)中,溴的含氧酸根都具有較強(qiáng)的氧化性二、填空題(每空1分,共30分) 得分: 分1HF、HCl、HBr三物質(zhì),分子間取向力按 順序遞增;色散力 按 順序遞增;沸點(diǎn)按 順序遞增。2BaSO4(Kysp1.08×10-10)、AgCl(Kysp1.77×10-10)、CaF2(Kysp×10-11)溶解度從大到小的順序是 。3配合物CoCl(SCN)(en)2Cl的名稱(chēng)是 ,中心離子是 ,中心離子的配位數(shù)是 ,配體數(shù)是 ,配體是 。4 mol·
20、;L-1 ) + 5Fe3+ (0.1mol·L-1) + 4H2O的電池符號(hào)是: 。5朗伯比爾定律中,吸光度A與溶液濃度c及液層厚度b的關(guān)系為 ,透光率T為50的溶液,其A ,為了使測(cè)量的誤差比較小,吸光度的讀數(shù)應(yīng)該控制在 范圍內(nèi)。6把0.020 mol·L-1 的Na2SO4溶液10 mL與0.0050 mol·L-1 的BaCl2溶液90 mL混合制得BaSO4溶膠,電泳時(shí)膠粒向_極移動(dòng),其膠團(tuán)結(jié)構(gòu)式為 。AlCl3、MgSO4、K3Fe(CN)6三種電解質(zhì)對(duì)該溶膠的聚沉能力由小到大為 。7乙炔分子中,碳原子的雜化類(lèi)型是_,分子中鍵有_個(gè),鍵_個(gè)。8以下幾種
21、情況反應(yīng)速率加快的主要原因是:增加反應(yīng)物濃度 ;升高溫度 ;加催化劑 。9NaH2PO4水溶液的質(zhì)子條件式為 。10濃度為0.1 mol·L-1某一元弱酸能被準(zhǔn)確滴定的條件是 。1129號(hào)元素其基態(tài)原子核外電子排布式為 ,是第 周期、第 族、 區(qū)元素。12pH=2.0的HAc溶液用等體積水稀釋后,其pH值會(huì)變?yōu)開(kāi) _。13已知y(Fe3+/ Fe2+)0.68V,y(Ce4+/ Ce3+)1.44V。以Ce4+滴定Fe2+至終點(diǎn)時(shí)的電位為 V。三、判斷題(正確的填“”;錯(cuò)誤的填“×”。每小題1分,共10分) 得分: 分1滲透壓不同的兩種溶液用半透膜相隔時(shí),滲透壓大的溶液將迫
22、使?jié)B透壓小的溶液液面有所上升。 ( )2y大小反應(yīng)物質(zhì)的得失電子的能力,與電極反應(yīng)的寫(xiě)法有關(guān)。 ( )325下,元素穩(wěn)定單質(zhì)的fHym =0,Sym =0, fGym =0。 ( )4在消除系統(tǒng)誤差的前提下,增加實(shí)驗(yàn)次數(shù)可消除隨機(jī)誤差。 ( )5在薛定諤方程中,波函數(shù)描述的是原子軌道;2描述的是電子在原子核外某處出現(xiàn)的概率密度。 ( )6用酸效應(yīng)曲線可選擇酸堿滴定的指示劑。 ( )7用部分風(fēng)化的H2C2O4·2H2O作基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)標(biāo)定NaOH,結(jié)果偏高。 ( )8活化能高的反應(yīng),其反應(yīng)速率很低,且達(dá)到平衡時(shí)其Ky值也一定很小。( )9難溶電解質(zhì)的不飽和溶液中不存在沉淀溶解平衡 。 ( )
23、10強(qiáng)酸滴定弱堿,突躍范圍與弱堿的解離常數(shù)和起始濃度有關(guān)。 ( )四、計(jì)算題(第1題9分,第24題各7分,要求計(jì)算步驟清晰,代入數(shù)據(jù)的過(guò)程不能省略,有效數(shù)字位數(shù)正確。) 得分: 分已知CO2(g)和Fe2O3(s)在298.15K下時(shí),fHym (CO2, g)=-393.51kJ·mol-1,fHym (CO2, g)=-394.38kJ·mol-1, fHym (Fe2O3, s)=-822.2kJ·mol-1, fHym (Fe2O3, s)=-741.0kJ·mol-1則反應(yīng)Fe2O3(s) + C(s)=2Fe(s) + CO2(g)在什么溫度
24、下能自發(fā)進(jìn)行?2蛋白質(zhì)試樣g,采用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▽⑵渲械腘處理成NH4+,然后加入濃堿蒸餾,用過(guò)量的硼酸溶液吸收溶液蒸出的NH3,再用0.1200mol·L-1L滴定至終點(diǎn),計(jì)算試樣中N的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(MN=·mol-1).將等體積的濃度均為0.002 mol·L-1的KCl和KI混合,逐滴加入AgNO3溶液(設(shè)體積不變),問(wèn)Cl-和I-沉淀順序如何?能否用分步沉淀方法將兩者分離?Kysp(AgCl)=1.77×10-10,Kysp(AgI)2×10-17 已知y(Fe3+/ Fe2+, y(Cu2+/ ,計(jì)算當(dāng)c(Fe2+)= c(Cu2+) = m
25、ol·L-1, Fe3+的濃度至少大于多少時(shí)下列反應(yīng)才能進(jìn)行: 2 Fe3+ + Cu 9 2 Fe2+ + Cu2+ 參考答案:一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(每小題1.5分,共30分)1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.B11.A 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B二、填空題(每空1分,共30分) 1. HBr<HCl<HF;HF <HCl< HBr;HCl < HBr <HF2. s(CaF2)> s (AgCl)> s (BaSO4)3. (一)氯化一氯
26、83;一硫氰根·二乙二胺合鈷(III); Co3+;6;4;Cl-、SCN-、en4.(-)Pt| Fe2+(0.1 mol·L-1), Fe3+(0.1 mol·L-1)| MnO4-(0.1 mol·L-1), H+(1.0 mol·L-1), Mn2+(0.1 mol·L-1)| Pt(+) 5. A=bc;6. 負(fù);(BaSO4)m·nBa2+·2(n-x)Cl-2x+·2xCl-或(BaSO4)m·nBa2+·(2n-x)Cl-x+·xCl-, AlCl3<M
27、gSO4<K3Fe(CN)67. sp等性雜化;3;28. 單位體積內(nèi)活化分子的總數(shù)增加;活化分子百分?jǐn)?shù)增加;改變反應(yīng)途徑,降低反應(yīng)活化能。9. c(H+)+c(H3PO4)=c(HPO42-)+2c(PO43-)+c(OH-)10. Kya10-7 11. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1;四;IB;ds12. 變大(若計(jì)算為)三、判斷題(每空1分,共10分)1.× 2. × 3. × 4. × 5. 6. × 7. × 8. × 9. 10. 四.計(jì)算題(第1題9分,第2-4題各7分)1. 解: =3(
28、CO2, g)- 2(Fe2O3, s) =3×(-393.51)- 2×(-822.2)=(kJ·mol-1) =3(CO2, g)- 2(Fe2O3, s) =3×(-394.38)- 2×(-741.0)=(kJ·mol-1) =-T=0.5534(kJ·mol-1·K-1) T >=838.2(K)2解:3解:生成AgCl, AgI沉淀時(shí)所需Ag+的濃度分別為 所以加入Ag+后,首先析出AgI沉淀。當(dāng)AgCl沉淀生成時(shí),溶液中殘留的I-濃度為所以,當(dāng)AgCl開(kāi)始沉淀時(shí),I-已經(jīng)沉淀完全,利用分步沉淀可
29、以將二者分離。4. 解: 當(dāng)=>0時(shí)反應(yīng)能進(jìn)行,所以 =+即 0.77+0.0591 lg c(Fe3+得lg c(Fe3+)>-7.28 c(Fe3+)> 5.25×10-8mol·L-1請(qǐng)您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容,O(_)O萬(wàn)分謝謝!2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全,電大期末考試必備小抄,電大考試必過(guò)小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailand's Phuket island and the M
30、aldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah
31、 Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the "free-visa" scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to I
32、ndonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that country's missions inBeijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou or Hong Kong, according to an officia
33、l at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassy's information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency,
34、 says: "We've seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced." During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a m
35、aximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. "The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment whil
36、e visiting China," says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ra
37、nking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. "Bali isn't just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities," says Fan Wen
38、qing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesia's national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, in Guangdong province, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes f
39、rom six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is
40、 also known as the "Paris of Java", is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing fa
41、cilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it
42、 doesn't rain much and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrip's website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in
43、Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldn't miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pu
44、lp. Fried rice, "dirty duck" and roast suckling pig are recommended. Children's illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, children's illustration books have a history of just 100 years a
45、nd their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustration arts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditional p
46、aintings and the western style, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the &quo
47、t;cultural revolution" (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the p
48、opular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of children's illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been close
49、d to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of children's illustration books from the West and Japan.
50、Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about children's illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in China's artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the ot
51、her computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn children's illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machines, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden is nature's haven, with no less than 4,000 rare birds and animal
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