英語中的各種從句詳解

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx英語中的各種從句詳解【精品文檔】一名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。這類從句在句中可擔(dān)任主語、表語、賓語和同位語，名詞從句可以分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的是一個(gè)句子，這個(gè)從句就叫作主語從句。主語從句可以由下列連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)，且不能省略。連詞：that, whether連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever 等連接副詞：when, where, how, why(1)由連詞that, whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句連詞that, whether在從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從

2、句，它在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，不能省略，且由that, whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句，多用it多形式主語e.g That the earth is round is true.=It is true that the earth is round.地球是圓的，是一個(gè)事實(shí)。Whether hell come or not hasnt been decided.= It hasnt been decided whether hell come or not.(2)由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句連接代詞who, which和連接副詞when, where, how, why都可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，它們分

3、別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語和狀語，不能省略，翻譯時(shí)，不能把它們譯為疑問句，由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，也可以用形式主語it引導(dǎo)e.g Who let out the news remained unknown. =It remained unknown who let out the news. When well start is not clear. =It is not clear when well start.我們何時(shí)出發(fā)還不清楚。(3)以關(guān)系代詞what, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever引導(dǎo)的主語從句不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo)，它們在句子中擔(dān)任成分

4、，不能省略，語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序。e.g What he said at the meeting is important.他在會(huì)上所說的事情是重要的。 Whoever leaves the office should tell me.無論是誰離開辦公室都應(yīng)該告訴我。(4)用it作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)a. It is +名詞+從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是類似的名詞還有：a pity； no wonder；等。b. It is +形容詞+從句It is necessary that 有必要It is clear that 很清楚It is likely that 很可能It is

5、 important that 重要的是It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .周末之前，他應(yīng)該到這里是必要的。c. It is +過去分詞+從句It is said that 據(jù)說 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句It seems that 好像是 It happened that 碰巧It now appears that they are in urgent need of help. 2. 賓語從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1) 從屬連詞t

6、hat。如： He told us that he felt ill. 他對(duì)我們說他感到不舒服。 I know he has returned. 我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。注： that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下，that不能省略。 1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. and連接兩個(gè)賓語從句，that賓語從句放在and的后面時(shí)，that不能省略。 2. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. th

7、at引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語，that不可省略。(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會(huì)成功。I dont know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否幫助我。(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。I wonder what hes writing to me about. 我不知道他要給

8、我寫信說什么事。 Ill tell you why I asked you to come. 我會(huì)告訴你我為什么要你來。2. 介詞賓語從句賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如： He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。注意：連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在except, but, in后。3. 動(dòng)詞itthat結(jié)構(gòu)如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come

9、 yesterday. He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不會(huì)屈服。4. 某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，連詞that可省略。如： I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能確定我該做什么。5. 連詞whether (or not)或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以互換使用，但whether常和or not連用，i

10、f一般不與or not連用。如 I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。3. 表語從句表語從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語, 一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動(dòng)詞表語從句”?？山颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。The question remains whether they will be able to help us.問題還是他們能否幫我們。At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word. 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種

11、類：(1）從屬連詞thate.g The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。that是連詞,沒有詞義，在句中不作成分，因此一般不可省略(但在口語中有時(shí)that可省略)。(2) 從屬連詞whether，as，as if / though引導(dǎo)的表語從句。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.聽起來好像有人在敲門。(3) because，why引導(dǎo)

12、的表語從句。如：That's because he didn't understand me.那是因?yàn)樗麤]有理解我（That's because強(qiáng)調(diào)原因）That's why he got angry with me.那正是他對(duì)我生氣的原因。（That's why強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）注意：表示結(jié)果或名詞reason作主語時(shí)，后面的表語從句表示原因時(shí)要用that引導(dǎo)，不宜用because.如：The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.我難過的原因是他沒有理解我。(4) 連接代詞who，

13、whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 連接副詞 where，when，how，whye.g The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。(5) 使用虛擬語氣的表語從句 在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞需用“sho

14、uld+動(dòng)詞原形” 表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等。e.g My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。4. 同位語從句英語中有一些名詞如fact, idea, news, word, hope, promise, suggestion, reply, problem, belief, doubt, truth, order, thought等，它們本身有一定的意義，但表達(dá)得不夠具體。為了使其表達(dá)的意義更

15、加具體明確，其后常跟有一個(gè)從句，用來補(bǔ)充說明該名詞的內(nèi)容，這個(gè)從句就叫做同位語從句。(1) 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞表示陳述意義時(shí)通常用that。注意that不能省略。同位語從句說明的名詞常見的有：ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等,同位語從句一

16、般都是用來解釋說明一些抽象名詞，而不可說明的名詞是不會(huì)接同位語從句的。比如：man, water, sun等具體的人或事物。e.g There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down. The belief that the company will make a great is shared by everyone.表示“是否”的意思時(shí)只能用whether，不能用if。這一點(diǎn)與主語從句相似。e.g The question whether he can finish the work within two days remains

17、unknown.表示疑問時(shí)也可用其他引導(dǎo)詞where, when, why, how, who, what來引導(dǎo)。e.g This student asked a good question why pollution cant be stopped. I have no idea where I should go. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.(2) 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別 定語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞, 它對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述和限制的作用。同位語從句相當(dāng)于名詞，屬于名詞性從句，它是對(duì)前面名詞內(nèi)容的具體表述，它們之

18、間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系。試比較： The news that you heard is not true. 你聽到的那個(gè)消息不是真的。（定語從句） The news that he has died is true. 他已經(jīng)去世的消息是真的。（同位語從句，說明了 news 的具體內(nèi)容，即he has died） 同位語從句常跟在 news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少數(shù)名詞之后，而一般名詞之后都可跟定語從句。e.g He di

19、dnt give the answer why he was late. 他沒回答他為什么遲到這個(gè)問題。（同位語從句） Then rose a question where we should go. 于是產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)問題：我們該到哪里去？（同位語從句） that 在定語從句中充當(dāng)某一成分, 是關(guān)系代詞; that 在同位語從句中不作任何成分，僅把主句與從句連接在一起，是從屬連詞。如： The fact that just now you talked about interests me. The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents

20、 very angry. 他考試沒及格這個(gè)事實(shí)使他的父母很生氣。（同位語從句） when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引導(dǎo)定語從句, 它們分別指前面先行詞所表示的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式、人和物，否則引導(dǎo)的就是同位語從句。試比較： I still remember the day when he was killed. 我還記得他被害的那一天。(定語從句) I have no idea when he was killed. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候被害的。（同位語從句） They didn't go to the town where they

21、were born.他們沒有去他們出生的小鎮(zhèn)。(定語從句) They didn't answer the question where they were born.他們沒有回答他們在哪里出生這個(gè)問題。（同位語從句） whether, what 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但通常不可引導(dǎo)定語從句。 e.g We have no information whether he is alive. 我們不知道他是否活著。（同位語從句） Next comes the question what step we should take. 接著的問題是我們下一步該做什么。（同 位語從句）1. Exactly

22、 how the tomato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats when I was born.” 3. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is that my mother used to tell me. 4. It makes the book so extraordinary is the creat

23、ive imagination of the writer. 5. From space, the earth looks blue. This is how about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 6. It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. 7. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whatever suits you best

24、.8. It doesnt matter if you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 9. Our teachers always tell us to believe in that what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.10. When the news came how the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.1. He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2

25、. I dont know _ there will be a bus.3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.4. He didnt tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time.5. Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7. Make sure _ the

26、re are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.8. We all know _she is an intelligent girl.9. I was uncertain _he could pass the exam or not.10. What he did was quite different from_he said.11. I guess you will soon find out _sent you these beautiful flowers. 12. I dont know_book I should buy.13. The most exciting moment was _Tom kicked The final goal