八年級下冊英語語法總結(jié)

1、八年級下冊英語語法總結(jié)Unit6 Fun Cycling Topic1 Were going on a spring field trip 一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯 ( 一 ) 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換: 1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對應(yīng)詞) king fortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety ( 二 ) 詞的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every

2、6.exciting / excited (三)重點(diǎn)詞組: 1.go on a visit to 去旅行 2. make the decision 做決定 3.bring back 帶回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 對某事做出決定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 預(yù)訂 8. come up with 想出（主意） 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付；賠償 11. raise money 籌錢 12. boo

3、k a ticket 訂票 13. make a room for sb 為訂房間 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 17.find out 查出 18. some places of interest 名勝 19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間 20a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（軟）臥 21.my pleasure 不客氣 二重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn) 1. I have some exciting news to tell yo

4、u. 我有一些激動人心的消息要告訴你們。 to tell you 是動詞不定式短語， 作定語。動詞不定式作定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do. 2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽起來不錯。 3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。 go on a visit to 去參觀/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year. 類似

5、有：go on a trip / go on a picnic a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個月的假期 an eighteen-year-old boy 一個18歲的男孩 4Its hard to say. 這很難說。To say 是動詞不定式作主語，It 是形式主語。 如： Its nice to meet you. 5. Ill ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問問航空公司。同義句是： Ill phone and ask the airline. 6. Bring back your inf

6、ormation to class tomorrow and well decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來，然后我們來決定最好的郊游方式。 bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow. decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 Were trying to decide on a school. 7.Its too far for cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠(yuǎn)了。同義句是：It too far to cycle t

7、here. 8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by？乘去泰山要花多長時間？ 9How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少錢？ How much does a standard room cost ? 一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間的價(jià)格是多少？ 10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper. 我們的票價(jià)是硬臥120元，軟臥是180元。 at 意為“以”，一般用于表示價(jià)格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，fo

8、r 意為“供，適合于”。Ive got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music. 11.Id like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預(yù)訂20張硬臥票。 20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets book tickets 預(yù)訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為預(yù)訂房間 e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我們想預(yù)訂一些14號的房間。 12Please pay

9、for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請?jiān)谙挛?：30之前付款。 Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事 e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國的費(fèi)用. 13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預(yù)訂房間。 make a reservation 預(yù)訂 14. We have rooms with a bathtub 我們有帶浴缸的房間。 with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming po

10、ol a standard room with two single beds 15.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國的學(xué)校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves. 16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個學(xué)生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎的票。 (1)each 作主語，謂語用單數(shù) Each of the students

11、 spends one dollar buying a ticket. （2）用于單數(shù)名詞前，作定語，謂語用單數(shù)。Each student has their own e-mail address. (3)用于復(fù)數(shù)主語后，作主語同位語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。They each have their own e-mail address. 17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來信。 Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem. 三.重點(diǎn)語法

12、 動詞不定式 （1） 動詞不定式常跟這些及物動詞之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等?？捎庙樋诹铮ㄒ刖芙^忘記，需要努力學(xué)習(xí)，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開始） （2） 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me. （3） 不定式可以和疑問詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say

13、at the meeting ? I dont know how to get to the station. （4） 本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有： I have some exciting news to tell you. I want to make a hotel reservation. It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. I think the most exciting way is

14、to sell flowers in the evening. Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets. Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ? 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯： （一）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換： 1.explore(名詞) explore 2. east (形容詞) eastern 3.north(形容詞) northern 4. push (反義詞) pull 5.sadly(形容詞) sad (名詞) sadness 6. crowd (形容詞) crowded （二）重點(diǎn)詞組: 1.make a plan

15、擬定計(jì)劃 2. make sure 確信，確保 3. come along with 和一起來 4. at the foot of 在的腳下 5. be surprised at 對感到驚奇 6. be satisfied with 對感到滿意 7. out of sight 看不見 8. step on ones toes 踩著某人的腳 9. cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 10. spread over 分布于 11.rush out 沖出去 12.raise ones head 抬頭 13.ask sb for help 向某人求助 14.thank goodnes

16、s 謝天謝地 二 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn) 1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當(dāng)你在旅行時， 我正忙于準(zhǔn)備考試。 (1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事 Im busy preparing for my birthday party these days. (2)while 當(dāng)時候，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。當(dāng)一個動作在正在進(jìn)行時，另一個動作也同時進(jìn)行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV

17、. 2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請你幫我定個旅行計(jì)劃好嗎？ Would you 比will you 語氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有could you Could you come along with us ? 3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他們仔細(xì)勘測了整個區(qū)域，確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山環(huán)繞。 make sure 確信，確保 Make sure all the windows ar

18、e closed before you leave. 4.Its about two and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要2個半小時。 Two and a half hours = two hours and a half 5.Its to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的東面。 to the +方位詞+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China. on the +方位詞+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang . in the +方位詞+of 表示在某

19、一范圍內(nèi)的地區(qū) Beijing is in the north of China. 6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他們走進(jìn)定陵，對那里的奇觀感到很驚奇。 be surprised at 對感到很驚奇 He is surprised at dragons. be surprised to do sth 驚奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost. 7.so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他們

20、不得不尋找停自行車的地方 space 空間 Can you make space for this old man ? 8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes. 當(dāng)人群從四面八方擠來時，有人踩了他的腳。 in ones direction 朝著某人的方向 step on ones toes踩了某人的腳 step on sth 踩某物 Dont step on the flowers and grass. 9.When he finally rushed out

21、 of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight. 當(dāng)他最后沖出人群時，他注意到他的兩個朋友都不見了。 notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事 10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily. 三個男孩一見面，就高興得跳了起來。 as soon as 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 意為“一就” He left as soon as he heard the news.

22、Ill tell him as soon as I see him. 11.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起頭。 not until 直到才 12.They were so lovely that we couldnt help playing with them. 它們太可愛了，我們禁不住和它們一起玩。 cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldnt help laughing. 13. I am sat

23、isfied with everything in China. 我對在中國的一切感到滿意。 be satisfied with 對感到滿意 He is satisfied with my work. 14. We even asked the guard for help. 我們甚至向保安尋求幫助。 ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help. 三.重點(diǎn)語法 時間狀語從句 1。引導(dǎo)詞： （1） when, while , as 當(dāng)時候. when 后可跟短暫性動詞也可跟延續(xù)性動詞；while 后跟延續(xù)性動詞；as

24、多用于口語，強(qiáng)調(diào)同一時間，或一前一后。 The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in. = While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 學(xué)生在教室里談話時，老師進(jìn)來了。 Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 媽媽總是邊給我們做飯邊唱歌。 （2）not until 直到才，主句謂語動詞常用短暫性動詞。 I wont leave here until t

25、he rain stops. He didnt sleep until his mother came back home. (3) after 在之后，before 在之前，as soon as 一就 I went to sleep after I finished my homework.= I finished my homework before I went to sleep. As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom. 2. 時態(tài) （1）當(dāng)主句為一般過去時時，從句常用過去的某種時態(tài)。 Wh

26、ile I was doing my homework , the telephone rang. (2)當(dāng)主句的時態(tài)為一般將來時， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有： 1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams. 2.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 3.While the crowd was pushing him i

27、n different directions, someone stepped on his toes. .4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily. 5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs. 6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger an

28、d larger. Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯： （一）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換： 1. death (動詞) die (形容詞 )dead 2 slow (副詞) slowly 3.crossing（動詞）cross 介詞） across 4. success（動詞）succeed (形容詞successful 5Pain (形容詞) painful 6. lead (名詞) leader 7.final (副詞) finally 8impossible (反義詞) possible 9 courage （動詞） encourage （二）重

29、點(diǎn)詞組: 1Slow down 減速 2. run into 撞到 3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事 4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事 5. ride into 進(jìn)入 躋身于 6 get used to (doing) 習(xí)慣于做某事 7. a sharp turn 急轉(zhuǎn)彎 8. be popular with 受的歡迎 9. get a fine 處以罰金 10. go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 11. the way to success 成功之路 12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則 13.bre

30、ak the traffic rules 違反交通規(guī)則 14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 15.be famous for 因聞名 16. be in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中 17.after a while 一會兒 二 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語言點(diǎn) 1I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我認(rèn)為北京的交通很擁堵。 traffic 是不可數(shù)名詞 2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人們都遵守交通規(guī)則，交通事故將會減少。 If w

31、e break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人們違反交通規(guī)則，將很危險(xiǎn)，我們會受到處罰的。 這是if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 3I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。 more confident 是比較級 4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 這樣可以節(jié)約能源以及避免空氣污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事 You should

32、avoid making the mistake like that. He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck. 5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行車深受人們歡迎。 Be popular with 受歡迎 6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事 He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事 7.Most people think bicy

33、cles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人認(rèn)為自行車比其他交通工具要安全些。 8.However, his way to success didnt go well. 然而，他的成功之路并非一帆風(fēng)順。 The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在成功 I didnt have much success in finding a job. 我找工作沒什么結(jié)果。 9Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面對生命

34、中其他挑戰(zhàn)一樣，蘭斯迎頭面對。 10It seems impossible to beat him. 打敗他似乎是不可能的。 beat sb 打敗某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎 She always seems to be sad. 三.重點(diǎn)語法 條件狀語從句 1.條件狀語從句由if（如果），unless(除非)等 引導(dǎo)的，謂語動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，主句用一般將來時。 主句 if從句 Will (must, should, may) 一般現(xiàn)在時 如：I wont go if he doesn

35、t go . We will pass the exam if we study hard. We wont pass the exam unless we study hard. 2. 祈使句+and/or 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果句，祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。 如：Hurry up, or youll be late.= If you dont hurry up, youll be late.=Youll be late unless you hurry up. Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you wil

36、l pass the exam. 清華大學(xué)英語系測試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果人稱代詞和物主代詞1人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個動詞之前（有時候位于than 之后），賓格一般位于動詞或介詞之后。2物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時后面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨(dú)使用，后面不帶名詞。一.填寫代詞表主格。 I       it we       you 

37、0;         them     his       your         hers         二.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is

38、 very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I ca

39、n find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _

40、 job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets

41、count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ）22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )There be 結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)1.      There _ (be) many monkeys in the mountain

42、. 2.      There_(be)a beautiful garden in our school. 3.      There _(be)some water in the glass. 4.      There _(be)some bread on the table.6.      Where _(be) your friends? 7.

43、60;     When _ (do)your father usually _ (go) to work? 8.      How old _ (be) you? 9.      Which dog _ (be)yours? 10.   Ten and two _ (be) twelve.11桌子上有一本書和兩支鋼筆。There_ a book and _ _ on the desk.12. 在吉姆的書包

44、里有一些書。_ _ _ _ in Jims bag.13. 在書包里有一些地圖嗎？ _ _ _ in the bag?14. 樹上沒有鳥。 _ _ _ birds in the tree.15. 在老師的辦公室中有一張桌子。There _ _ _ in the teachers office.16. 在桌子上有一些書。There are _ _ on the desk.17在你的課桌上有一塊橡皮和兩把尺子。There _ _ _ and _ _on you desk.18在鉛筆盒中有幾支鉛筆和一支鋼筆。_ _ _ _ and a pen in the pencil-box.19我們的教室里沒有

45、一臺電腦。_ _ _ _ in our classroom.20. Are there any maps on the wall? (肯定回答)21There are twenty desks in our classroom.（對劃線部分提問）_ _ desks _ _ in _ classroom?22. There are some trees near the house.(否定句)_ _ _ trees near the house.23. There is a bird in the tree.(變復(fù)數(shù))There _ _ _ in the tree.24. There are s

46、ome eggs in the box.(變單數(shù))_ _ _ _ in the box.25. There are some apples in the tree. (一般疑問句)_ _ _ in the tree?26. There are some oranges in the basket. (否定句)_ _ _ oranges in the basket.27. There _ two dictionaries in Damings bag.28. There _ a bed and two chairs in Bettys room.29. There _ thirty boys i

47、n the class.四、 仿照例句改寫下列句子。例句：She is in Class One, Grade Two.否定句： She is not in Class One, Grade Two.一般疑問句： Is she in Class One, Grade Two?回答：Yes, she is. (No, she isnt)1. Bob is on the football team.否定句：     一般疑問句：    回答：2. They are in the teachers office.否定句：  

48、60;  一般疑問句： 回答：3. It is sunny today.否定句：     一般疑問句： 回答：4. There is some water in the bottle.否定句：     一般疑問句： 回答：5. There is a piano in the room.否定句：      一般疑問句： 回答：6. There are many trees in the school.否定句：    &

49、#160;  一般疑問句： 回答：7. There are four bottles of milk on the table.否定句：       一般疑問句： 回答：8. We are interested in painting.否定句：       一般疑問句： 回答：清華大學(xué)英語系測試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果八年級下冊重點(diǎn)語法和短語Unit 1 Will people have robots?重點(diǎn)語法：一般將來時

50、態(tài)的應(yīng)用          do/does 的一般將來時態(tài)形式：(shall/will) do          do/does 的一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(shall/will) be done一般將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots

51、in a few years.一般疑問句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years?重點(diǎn)短語：won't = will not          they'll = they will          she'll = she will  &#

52、160;       he'll = he will          I'll = I will          fall in love with(sb./sth.) 愛上（某人/某物）          be able to do sth. 能夠

53、做某事          come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)          in the future 未來          hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的          thousands of 數(shù)以千計(jì)的  &#

54、160;       look for(sb./sth.) 尋找（某人/某物）          will would 情態(tài)動詞 will 的原形和過去式          may might 情態(tài)動詞 may 的原形和過去式Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict wh

55、at you will read about. (看著標(biāo)題和圖片，預(yù)知你要閱讀那些方面的內(nèi)容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I do?重點(diǎn)語法：過去將來時態(tài)（將來時態(tài)的委婉說法）          do/does 的過去將來時態(tài)形式：(should/would) do       

56、60;  do/does 的過去將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(should/would) be done過去將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑問句例句：Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑問句例句：What should I do?重點(diǎn)短語：keep sb. out 不讓某人進(jìn)入         

57、; What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？          out of style 不時髦的；過時的          call sb. up 給某人打電話          pay for sth. 為某事付款

58、60;         part-time job 兼職工作          the same as = be same (to/with) 與同樣          in style 時髦的；流行的          get on well wi

59、th sb. = get along well with sb. 與某人相處（好）          didn't = did not          couldn't = could not          as . as possible 盡可能(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)&#

60、160;         all kinds of 各種；許多          on the one hand 一方面          on the other hand 另一方面          ask sb. for sth. = ask

61、sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事          ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事          spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) in doing sth. 花錢做某事          sth. cost sb. (money) 某人

62、花錢為了某事          take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事          find out 查明          find sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事         

63、 be angry with sb. 生某人的氣          be angry at sth. 生某事的氣          the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣          have fight with sb. 與某人打架     

64、;     learn to do sth. 學(xué)會做某事          not . until . 直到才          compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較          it's time for sth. = i

65、t's time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了          maybe adv. 或許          may be （情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形）可能是          shall should 情態(tài)動詞 shall 的原形和過去式          pay paid paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (時刻學(xué)著應(yīng)用新單詞來學(xué)習(xí)比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下，一