形容詞、副詞二教案

1、教學(xué)目標(biāo)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)教案構(gòu)架：1、 形容詞、副詞的級2、 可修飾比較級的詞 3、 正誤辨析教案內(nèi)容：一、形容詞與副詞的級 大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1） 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)

2、尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily 2 / 282） 不規(guī)則變化原級比

3、較級最高級goodbetterbestwell（健康的）worseworstbadill（有病的）oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest  、as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as 1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。2）當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式：as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many/much +名詞。例如： This

4、 is as good an example as the other is. 這個(gè)例子和另外一個(gè)一樣好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時(shí)，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房間和我的一樣大。4）倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍數(shù)+ the + of。例如： This bridge is th

5、ree times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine. 、 比較級形容詞或副詞 + than 。例如： You are taller than I. 你比我高。 They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine. 你房間的那些燈

6、比我房間里的亮。注意： 1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。 （錯(cuò)） He is more cleverer than his brother. （對） He is more clever than his brother. （對） He is clever than his brother.2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 （錯(cuò)） China is larger than any country in Asia. （對） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意對應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。 The population of Sha

7、nghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意定冠詞在比較級中的使用。 比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.二、 可修飾比較級的詞 1）a bit, a little,

8、rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3）以上詞（除by far）外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。三、正誤辨析誤 The young likes playing football very much.正 The young like playing football very much.析 定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人，應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù)，如：The beautiful is not alway

9、s kindness.美麗并不總代表善良。誤 The danger has gone, so the worst are over.正 The danger has gone, so the worst is over.析 意為："危險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)過去，最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級形容詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。誤 It is the gold age of the young.正 It is the golden age of the young.析 golden在英語中多用于比喻，如：golden hair金發(fā)，gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的

10、，如：a gold bar金條，a gold coin金幣，但gold fish 金魚例外。誤 She is a warm heart woman.正 She is a warmhearted woman.析 英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多，其中之一是由形容詞，或數(shù)詞，加名詞加ed構(gòu)成，如：warmhoarted 熱心腸的，whitehaired 白毛的誤 There is an alive fish in the pool.正 There is a living fish in the pool.析 在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語，只能作表語。如：The fish is al

11、ive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有：alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。誤 The ill man nearly died.正 The sick man nearly died. 析 ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病，而要用sick，但作表語時(shí)則都可以。如：He is ill sick, ill作定語時(shí)則另有他意，如：ill luck (厄運(yùn))，ill nature(天性惡劣),ill temper(心緒不好)誤 I have important something to tell you.正 I have something importa

12、nt to tell you.析 不定代詞something, anyone, somebody在用形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞，不符合上述規(guī)律。如：I have an important thing to tell you.誤 I'll be free on next Sunday.正 I'll be free next Sunday. 析 在表達(dá)將來時(shí)的時(shí)候：next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介詞。誤 The girl is twoye

13、ar old.正 The girl is two years old.正 She is a twoyearold girl析 由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞組成的形容詞，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn)，其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：twothousandword report(兩千字的報(bào)告)；其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語，即用于名詞之前，而不能作表語。誤 The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.正 The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintin

14、gs.析 在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語時(shí)，其順序如下。1. 指示代詞，定冠詞 2. 數(shù)量詞 3. 性質(zhì)詞 4. 大小 5. 形狀 6. 老少，新舊 7. 顏色 8. 材料但要注意的是英語的習(xí)慣是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。如： What a pretty little white horse!Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand. 誤 The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.正

15、 The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.析 good是形容詞，這里是修飾動(dòng)詞speak的，所以應(yīng)用副詞well，但well作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如：He is well.(他身體很好)。He is good.(他是個(gè)好人)。誤 The children play on the grass nappyly.正 The children play on the grass happily析 多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.誤 The teacher looked ang

16、ry at the students.正 The teacher looked angrily at the students.析 英語中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞，這時(shí)它是修飾主語的，如：The food smells good.食物聞起來很香。The teacher looked angry 老師看起來很生氣。 而此句的意思為："老師生氣地看著學(xué)生"，所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。誤 He worked with me friendly.正 He was friendly to me.析 不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞，但friendly是形容詞，這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely, lonel

17、y, costly, livelymonthly weekly。但其中有些詞既是副詞，又是形容詞，如：early, hourly, monthly誤 You can speak free in front of your friends.正 You can speak freely in front of your friends.析 free作為形容詞意為"自由的，有空閑的，免費(fèi)的"。作為副詞講則是"免費(fèi)"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的，隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還有：hard 努力，艱苦 hardly 幾乎不 late 遲

18、，晚lately 最近的，最新的 near 近 nearly 幾乎like 像 likely 幾乎誤 They must have arrived till now.正 They must have arrived by now.析 by now是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而till now是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。must have+過去分詞是對過去某一事情所作的肯定推測。誤 Someone called you right now.正 Someone called you just now.析 just now有兩個(gè)意思，其一是&qu

19、ot;剛才"，其二是"現(xiàn)在"，而right now只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，如： I have just finished my homework.誤 My father will be back from America at present.正 My father will be back from America presently.析 presently有兩個(gè)意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意，與at present相同。而for the present為暫時(shí)，如： I teach English in the school

20、for the present.誤 I'll be back at the moment.正 I'll be back in a moment.析 at the moment 其意為"現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)時(shí)"，而in a moment意為"馬上過一會(huì)"，與in a minute意思相近。誤 The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time.正 The train from Shanghai will arrive here on time.析 on time為"準(zhǔn)時(shí)"，而in tim

21、e有兩個(gè)含意。其一是"及時(shí)"，如：The doctor arrived in time。其二是"將來，終究"。誤 I met an old friend sometimes last month.正 I met an old friend sometime last month.析 Sometime 過去，或者將來某時(shí)。Sometimes 有時(shí)如： Sometimes I go to school by bus.Some time 一些時(shí)間 如： I need sometime to do my homework. Some times 幾次 如： I

22、went to Shanghai sometimes this month.at times 有時(shí)，偶爾 at all times 經(jīng)常 some other time 改天 誤 I had met an old friend three days ago.正 I had met an old friend three days before.正 I met an old friend three days ago.* ago 用在時(shí)間狀語中時(shí)，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去時(shí)，而before用于時(shí)間狀語時(shí)則主句的謂語動(dòng)詞宜用完成時(shí)態(tài)。誤 He studied very hard. and at t

23、he end he passed the exam.正 He studied very hard, and in the end he passed the exam.析 in the endat last 意為"最終，終于"，表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而at the end是在某事的結(jié)束時(shí)如何如何，如：At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books。誤 I will come here to help you each three days.正 I will come here to help you

24、 every three days.析 every three days 為"每三天"，即每隔二天，而every other day為每隔一天。誤 He didn't go to the cinema yesterday. and I didn't go, too.正 He didn't go to the cinema yesterday and I didn't go either.析 英語中表示"也"，有4個(gè)字，also, as well, too, either，但either用于否定句中，而前3個(gè)用于肯定句中。在

25、肯定句中too與as well一般要用在句尾，而also則可用于句中。如：She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如： I've also read her other novels.誤 We should help the poor girl in anyway.正 We should help the poor girl in any way.析 anyway為"不管怎么"講，"無論如何"，如：What a terrible accident, anyway no o

26、ne was hurt.any way 為"任何方式"。這種常見的錯(cuò)誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中，如：everyday 日常的 every day 每天 faraway 遙遠(yuǎn)的 far away 遠(yuǎn)離altogether 總計(jì) all together 一塊，大家一起already 已經(jīng) all ready 全準(zhǔn)備好了誤 You can come to the doctor's at anytime.正 You can come to the doctor's at any time.析 anytime 是副詞 而any time中的time是名詞。誤 She s

27、aid nearly nothing.正 She said almost nothing.析 nearly 與 almost的含意相近，在很多場合可以互換，但在否定詞前用almost。誤 There are too much mistakes in your homework.正 There are too many mistakes in your homework.析 too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，如：There is too much water for the flowers. 而too many 后加可數(shù)名詞，much too 后面加形容詞，如：It is much too di

28、fficult to learn English well.誤 It is late enough that we can go home now.正 It is late enough for us to go home now. 析 要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式，或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for somebody to do something。誤 The twins are very alike.正 The twins are much alike.析 用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾，一般要用much來修飾。誤 - How long does he write to

29、 his parents? - Once a week. 正 - How often does he write to his parents? - Once a week. 析 英文與中文表達(dá)法不同，隔多長時(shí)間辦一次某事，實(shí)際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率，所以要用how often。誤 As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call up you.正 As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call you up.析 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組的賓語是人稱代詞時(shí)則一定要放于動(dòng)詞之后，如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。如：I wa

30、nt to watch TV. Please turn on the TV. 也可以講： Please turn the TV on.誤 He drove quickly his new car.正 He drove his new car quickly. 析 副詞在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下幾種用法：實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，如：He quickly give me the answer. 在be動(dòng)詞之后，如：The little boy is often late for class. 第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：This book has almost been finished. 在單獨(dú)使用的be動(dòng)詞

31、和助動(dòng)詞之前，如： Can you help me this afternoon? I certainly can.但是無論如何也不能將副詞置于動(dòng)詞與賓語之間，如果是賓語從句或是很長的名詞詞組作賓語則才可以這樣用：He heard clearly what the teacher said.誤 The children came late yesterday to the cinema.正 The children came late to the cinema yesterday.析 表示一定長度的時(shí)間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于句首。誤 You have few n

32、ew books, haven't you?正 you have few new books, have you?析 英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少，幾乎沒有)，a few(有一些，幾個(gè))；修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle (很少，幾乎沒有)，a little(有一點(diǎn)，有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時(shí)應(yīng)看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中時(shí)則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。誤 He spent quite little money on his food.正 He spent quite a little money on his food

33、. 析 quite a 為一固定用法，其意為"十分，相當(dāng)，所以"。 quite a fewmany, quite a littlemuch 而only a littlelittle, only a few=few.誤 Do you want to have many bread?正 Do you want to have some bread?析 some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞，在一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于疑問句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，應(yīng)用some。 其次是some 可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。誤 Please tell me

34、where the shoes shop is?正 Please tell me where the shoe shop is.析 在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時(shí)，這個(gè)作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，如：a shoe shop 鞋店 a fruit shop 水果店 a book shop 書店a post office 郵局 a police station 警察局 a bus stop 汽車站誤 He is weak at physics.正 He is weak in physics. 析 在表達(dá)擅長于作某事時(shí)用be good at something, 而其反意詞為be bad at s

35、omething， 但be weak in something。誤 This dictionary is worth to buy.正 This dictionary is worth buying.析 be worth 后可接動(dòng)、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事，又可接價(jià)格、金錢表示值多少錢。誤 Don't afraid of that.正 Don't be afraid of that.析 afraid 在英文中是形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞組還有：be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心be certain of 有把握，確定 be sure of 確信 be g

36、lad of 高興 be sick of 厭惡be fond of 喜歡誤 The work has already been done well.正 The work has already been well done. 析 well 與badly作副詞時(shí)，表示好壞，如果句子是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前，如：This machine has been badly damaged. 如果句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，則應(yīng)放于句末，如：I did my homework well.誤 We are yet in the classroom now.正 We are already in the clas

37、sroom now.析 already主要用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句和疑問句中，如：Did you finish it? No. not yet.誤 Look. Here comes he!正 Look! Here he comes!誤 Look! Here the bus comes!正 Look! Here comes the bus!析 在句子開頭用Here時(shí)，如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序，如果主語是名詞則要用倒裝語序。誤 She is my older sister.正 She is my elder sister.析 elder 和eldest是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)

38、系，而older, oldest 則是指歲數(shù)大多少，如：She is three years older than I.誤 I'm tired. I can't go further.正 I'm tired. I can't go farther.析 far有兩個(gè)比較級 farther 較遠(yuǎn)的，further 進(jìn)一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation? 你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個(gè)最高級。farthest和furthest.誤 I went to Beijing University five years be

39、fore.正 I went to Beijing University five years ago.析 ago常與過去時(shí)連用，而before則多與完成時(shí)連用。誤 - Have you finished your homework? - No, not already. 正 - Have you finished your homework? - No, not yet. 析 仍然有三個(gè)英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already， yet 與 still。 要注意的是 already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中，如The bus has already gone。 而yet 多用于疑問句和否定句中，如：Have

40、you finished your homework yet? 而still則常用于主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間，如：We still can't decide what to do. 但也有時(shí)用于be 動(dòng)詞之后，如：He is still here.誤 He is very higher than I am.正 He is much higher than I am.析 much可以用來修飾比較級，而very則用來修飾形容詞原級，如：I'm very tired.誤 - Can I walk to the station?- You'd better not. It is ve

41、ry far. 正 - Can I walk to the station? - You'd better not, It is a long way. 析 for一般用在疑問句與否定句中，如：How far is it from here to the station? 又如：It isn't far.誤 I've ever been to America.正 I've been to America once. 析 once 多用于肯定句，而ever則用于疑問句，否定句，及條件狀語從句中，如：Have you ever been to London?誤 -

42、Could you pass the exam this time?- No, I am not afraid so. 正 - Could you pass the exam this time?- No, I'm afraid not. 析 在肯定的答語中我們可以用so來代替上句所講的事件，如：Do you think she is a good student? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ I'm afraid so.但在否定的答語中，英語口語的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同，如，I don't think so 而在h

43、ope, belive 與 afraid后則常用not， 如：I hope not.誤 She didn't work enough hard, so she couldn't pass the exam.正 She didn't work hard enough, so she couldn't pass the exam.析 enough 可以作名詞用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (對于如何學(xué)好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)另外它可以作為形容詞，如：I have enough mone

44、y (or money enough) to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough作為形容詞時(shí)即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后，在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough 作為副詞用，那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。誤 You can't be very careful.正 You can't be too careful.析 此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過分。tooto的用法是"太以至于不能作某事"。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)也常常將后面的to省去，如：It is too expensive for me.那對我來講是太貴了。誤

45、He is good past fifty.正 He is well past fifty.析 well 作為副詞用時(shí)除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地"，等意。往往有人對下面兩句的對或錯(cuò)有爭議；He is well. He is good.其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法，只不過其含意不同。He is well是"他身體不錯(cuò)"，而He is good 則為"他是個(gè)好人"。誤 She is not as half clever as her brother.正 She is not half as clever as

46、her brother.析 在asas結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly, almost, exactly 等置于第一個(gè)as之前。誤 He is same age as Tom.正 He is the same age as Tom.析 the sameas是固定的用法，其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。誤 Mother and her daughter are exactly like.正 Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.* like 作為介詞，其意為"像"，應(yīng)用于 look like, be li

47、ke, sound like, 其后要加賓語。而 alike 是形容詞，或副詞，如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但 alike 僅作表語而不能用于名詞前作定語。誤 Who is taller of the two?正 Who is the taller of the two?析 兩者的比較級之前要加定冠詞。誤 I have less books than Tom.正 I have fewer books than Tom.析 less 是 little的比較級，而fewer是few的比較級。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而

48、fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。誤 There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary.正 There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary.析 在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級，在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級。誤 The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.正 The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.析 asas的用法要注意的是：在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級，而不可加比較級，也有的語法書中稱為同級

49、比較。要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞，這要看它具體是修飾動(dòng)詞還是名詞而定，如：He is as good as his friend.誤 The harder you study, and you can learn more.正 The harder you study, the more you can learn.析 英文中如果要表達(dá)越來越怎樣，在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法：比較級+and+比較級。定冠詞+比較級，如：The nights are getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級前要加more，這樣的用法是：more and more 加形

50、容詞，如：The girl is growing more and more beautiful.誤 Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.正 Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English.析 在作比較時(shí)，英語一般要求對比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動(dòng)名詞，應(yīng)都用動(dòng)名詞，用不定式時(shí)則都用不定式。但有時(shí)在后一個(gè)不定式前的符號to可以省略。如：To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.誤 The girl is more c