中考現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、一、句型轉(zhuǎn)換一、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.I have read the book Little Women. (否定句否定句)2.He has finished the task. (一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句)3. Tina has already done much homework. (否定句否定句)4.I have already decided to go to Hainan this summer. (劃線提問(wèn)劃線提問(wèn))I havent read the book Little Women.Has he finished the task?Tina hasnt done much homework

2、yet.Where have you decided to go this summer yet?適當(dāng)形式填空適當(dāng)形式填空1.-Are you surprised at the ending of the movie? -No, because I _(read) the story.2.-Mingming, you _(watch) TV for three hours. you should have a rest. -OK. Mum.3.I cant tell you anything about the movie, because I _(not see) it before.4.-

3、Do you know how long he _(learn) the music instrument? -Since he was only 6 years old.have readhave watchedhavent seenhas learnt1. Dont worry. He _(clean) the room. Its tidy now.2. Most of us _(go) for a trip last weekend.3. I _(take) an interest in drawing when I saw Pisscas picture for the first t

4、ime.4. We _(work) for a long time, but none of us stop to rest. 5. With the help of Mr. Gao, Mike _(get) a gold medal in the competition in 2015.has cleanedwenttookhave workedgot1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語(yǔ)等狀語(yǔ)連用。連用。2.過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的

5、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與常與for或或since引起的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。引起的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞have breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2004I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2004/three years ago. nowpast2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞可以表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去持續(xù)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞可以表示開(kāi)始于

6、過(guò)去持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在到現(xiàn)在(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1) I have studied English since last year. 我從去年開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。我從去年開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和和marry 等動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是等動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的一時(shí)的, 不能延續(xù)的不能延續(xù)的, 故不能與故不

7、能與for , since 等開(kāi)頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。不過(guò)等開(kāi)頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。不過(guò), 這些這些詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，即動(dòng)作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。即動(dòng)作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。不能說(shuō)不能說(shuō): *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine mon

8、ths.* I have received his letter for a month.可以說(shuō)可以說(shuō):He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his letter for almost a month.或者說(shuō)：或者說(shuō)：It is two years since he

9、 came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來(lái)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來(lái)， 一般過(guò)去時(shí)只限于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作本身一般過(guò)去時(shí)只限于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作本身, 與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在 的結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)。的結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)在意義上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)在意義上 的區(qū)別舉例如下：的區(qū)

10、別舉例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已經(jīng)打掃過(guò)我的房間了。我已經(jīng)打掃過(guò)我的房間了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打掃了我的房間。我上周打掃了我的房間。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門(mén)了。爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門(mén)了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary a

11、nd they have it now.) 他們買了一本字典。他們買了一本字典。注意注意: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(如如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等等)連用連用，但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(如如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等等)連用連用；也可以

12、和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如：如：today, this morning, this week, this year等等)連用連用。 ( 1).for+表示表示一段一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)時(shí)間的短語(yǔ) ( 2).since+表示表示過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ) ( 3).since+表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句從句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came t

13、o this school.forsincesince現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句中常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句中常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)A.表示從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 不能是具體不能是具體 的過(guò)去時(shí)間。的過(guò)去時(shí)間。everjustalreadyyete.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此有此類副詞時(shí)類副

14、詞時(shí),常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù).already “已經(jīng)已經(jīng)” ; yet “仍然仍然, 還還” 這兩個(gè)副詞常常用于完成時(shí)態(tài)這兩個(gè)副詞常常用于完成時(shí)態(tài), 其中其中already 常用于肯定句常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。Mother hasnt come home yet. 媽媽還沒(méi)回來(lái)。媽媽還沒(méi)回來(lái)。Havent you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你還沒(méi)讀

15、過(guò)你還沒(méi)讀過(guò)野性的呼喚野性的呼喚嗎？嗎？She has already finished her work. 她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。I havent read the story yet. 我還沒(méi)讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事。我還沒(méi)讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事。Have you met him before? 你從前曾見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？你從前曾見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。比較：比較：I have seen him this morning .我上午看見(jiàn)他了。我上午看見(jiàn)他了。(說(shuō)話時(shí)在上午說(shuō)話時(shí)在上午)I saw him

16、this morning.今天上午我遇見(jiàn)了他。今天上午我遇見(jiàn)了他。(說(shuō)話時(shí)可能是下午或者晚上說(shuō)話時(shí)可能是下午或者晚上)It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。今天冬天一直很冷。(說(shuō)話時(shí)仍是冬天說(shuō)話時(shí)仍是冬天)4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以表示都可以表示“從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”這一概念這一概念, 有時(shí)有時(shí)兩者可以互相代用兩者可以互相代用, 但前者多用于口語(yǔ)。但前者多用于口語(yǔ)。在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí)在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí), 多用現(xiàn)在多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成時(shí); 如著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行如著

17、重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行, 即動(dòng)作即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)的延續(xù)性時(shí), 則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)行時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)行時(shí)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如：不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如：in 1990in 1990，last Sunday la

18、st Sunday 等）。等）。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束），它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。束），它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：have / has + V過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好幾次了。我等他等了好幾次了。I have been waiting for him for an hour. 我等他等了一

19、小時(shí)。我等他等了一小時(shí)。He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。他一直在喝咖啡。改寫(xiě)句子改寫(xiě)句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two minutes ago. The

20、film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ the motorbike. He _ the motorbike two years _. Two years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.hasreturned fromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedbought1. A: Would you like something to drink? B:

21、No, thanks. _ (just/drink some tea)2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? (find) B: No, not yet.3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B:_ . (already/leave)4a. Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations. Ive just drunk some teaHave you found itHe has already left A: When _ ? (leave) B: This morning.4. A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight? B: No. _ . (already/see the film)5. A: What do your parents think about our plan?B: I _. (not/tell them/yet)did he leaveS