提高英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧的方法 On the s of Improving English Reading Skills

1、提高英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧的方法 On the Methods of Improving English Reading Skills AbstractEnglish reading is an important part of English learning. It's the most difficult for learners. It makes many learners confused. Many English learners have summarized that if your English reading skills have been improved, yo

2、u may succeed in your English Tests. In order to help the learners to improve English reading skills . I have read a great many books on improving English reading skills. After thinking of my own reading perience. The paper mainly concerns two parts to improve English reading skills: to cultivate a

3、good reading habit and to grasp some basic skills. So long as readers master the useful skills, they will increase our reading speed and comprehension.Key words: reading habit; reading skills; reading ability內(nèi) 容 摘 要英語(yǔ)閱讀是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重要組成部分。很多英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者都總結(jié)說(shuō)，掌握了英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧，提高了態(tài)度水平，就等于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成功了一半。為了提高英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧，本文在參考大量英語(yǔ)閱讀技

4、巧方面書籍的前提下，總結(jié)他人及自己的閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)，整合了兩部分對(duì)提高英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)閱讀能力進(jìn)行闡述：養(yǎng)成一個(gè)好的閱讀習(xí)慣和把握一些基本規(guī)律。掌握這些有用的技巧，讀者就能提高閱讀速度和增強(qiáng)理解力。 關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀習(xí)慣；閱讀技巧；閱讀能力ContentsAbstracti內(nèi)容摘要iiIntroduction11. Improving reading ability by cultivating a good reading habit11.1 Drawing our whole attention to the materials while reading11.2 Avoiding voiced readi

5、ng21.3 Prohibiting from looking up the dictionary while reading21.4Avoiding any other additional movements except for eyeball movement while reading21.5 Cultivating the time while reading31.6 Reducing reading reback31.7 Avoiding reading word for word31.8 Thinking in English ways42. Improving reading

6、 ability by grasping some basic skills52.1 Enriching and expanding knowledge of background52.2 Guessing unknown words62.2.1 Guessing the words meaning from the information.72.2.2 Guessing the words meaning from semantic relation.72.2.3 Guessing the words meaning by the words construction92.3 Finding

7、 the central sentence102.4 Finding the main idea of a paragraph132.5 Lacating specific factsskimming and scanning142.6 Drawing a conclusion and making a summary16Conclusion17Bibliography18Acknowledgements19IntroductionIn order to obtain abundant knowledge, we should read smoothly not only what is wr

8、itten in native language but also in foreign language. English is an international language, which is used widely all over the world, and has a profound and far-reaching influence. If we want to learn scientific technology of foreign countries, master political and financial developing trends of for

9、eign countries, or understand the developing tendency of foreign language and literature, even pass kinds of English tests, we must have the sufficient ability of English reading. Improving reading ability much depends on usual practice. Here, this paper is talking about a few reading skills that se

10、em more important.1. Improving reading ability by cultivating a good reading habit There is a common ability that a good reading habit helps to improve reading ability, for bad reading habit will cut down reading speed. However ,we can not adopt a correct reading habit in a short time.We should pers

11、ist the following lips while reading.1.1 Drawing our whole attention to the materials while reading We should to draw our whole attention to the materials while reading and be sure to keep it in mind .That is to say,dont stop when we read short articles or eat while reading.1.2 Avoiding voiced readi

12、ng Silent reading is much faster than voiced reading. If readers read loudly word for word, their reading speed will be certainly very slow. In order to avoid this bad reading habit, readers can press their finger on your lip, and then them can catch a feel while their mouth moves a little. It is a

13、good method to correct this bad habit by forcing themselves.1.3 Prohibiting from looking up the dictionary while reading Dont look up the dictionary when meeting an unfamiliar word, otherwise the reading speed will be cut down and the understanding of the whole test will be affected. The readers sho

14、uld guess its meaning according to the context, or use word-forming knowledge to guess its meaning.After their finishing the whole context,you can look up the dictionary to make sure the meaning and learn a new word.1.4Avoiding any other additional movements except for eyeball movement while reading

15、 Readers should avoid any other additional movements except for eyeball movement while reading, such as using finger to trace the word where their are reading, swinging their head left and right, or using pens and rules which can block the following contents. Reading is done by our eyes. So, they sh

16、ould move eyes but not head. If this cant be done, they would hold tightly the edge of the reading material.1.5 Cultivating the time while reading Resders should always remember the time in mind while reading and develop the sense of time urgency. First of all, They should estimate the quantity of w

17、ords in the reading material, then restrict the reading time, and check out whether we can finish reading in the limited time or not. Keep practicing in this time-limited way,and reduce the time gradually; the reading speed will be improved day by day. 1.6 Reducing reading reback Most of readers, wh

18、en they meet a long or difficult sentence, they cant help reading reback on it.Even when reading a text, they look for the former information again and again, but dont read it smoothly to get the complete idea. This reading habit seriously affects the reading speed, information expanding, logic spec

19、ulating and material understanding. They should cultivate a good habit, that when eyes have swept a group words, they pretend they have disappeared and read on.1.7 Avoiding reading word for word Usually, most of readers are accustomed to read word for word at the beginning, or read every word with a

20、 finger.That is because we try not to losing any content of the text, but sometimes they only get words meaning. Reading word for word lead information of the text to deviate from anticipation and instead of the whole meaning of sentence and passsage. They should get the meaning of the phrase instea

21、d of one word. High efficient readers can catch the meaning of a sentence at every four or five words in their reading. Compare the following two examples:Read the meaning:Glass and paper are named insulators/which have no free charges that able to move/under the influence of the electric filed.Read

22、 word for word:Glass and paper/are named/insulators/which have no/free charges/that are/ able to/ move/under the/influence/of the/electric field.Obviously, divide the text into larger meaning phrases can not only speed up reading, but also draw attention to the understanding of the reading contents,

23、 In this way,understanding level will be improved further.1.8 Thinking in English waysDont translate every sentence into Chinese in mind or mouth. Improving high-speed reading ability mainly depends on English reading; readers can read anytime and anywhere as long as we have a book in hand. Cultivat

24、ing a good reading habit is good for improving reading ability. Therefore, when they want to be successful in English learning, it is necessary to like reading, keep reading and be good at reading. If they can get rid of relying excessively on dictionary, and move eyeball suitable, it is possible to

25、 improve their English level, extend field of vision, and increase kinds of professional knowledge through reading. Their reading ability will be improved quickly. But thats not enough, whats more, they need also grasp some special read style. That is to say, they must have abundant knowledge of bac

26、kground, understand further meaning obtain furthering skills.2. Improving reading ability by grasping some basic skills 2.1 Enriching and expanding knowledge of backgroundOne basic requirement of reading is understand. Every text is finished in a special environment by author. The purpose of a text

27、is revealed by reader in terms of his knowledge of the background. Enriching, expanding knowledge of background, inferring information and logic, is very important to understand text profoundly. Understanding includes not only words meaning, but also further inference, which processes that varies of

28、 people experence with are different. understanding words meaning in general can be finished by using grammar and vocabulary, but further understanding will be reached through the information readers get in appearance,by connecting with knowledge of background, and by using logical inference. Any te

29、xt require that the reader has certain common or special knowledge. Most texts which written by English writer or American reporter contain their social culture.Such as, the politics, history geography, value ideas, customs and religion of England or America. If they dont know these backgrounds, the

30、y will cause a big obstacle. Please take the following sentence for example;Though Amusable spoke French and German fairly well, he had never altogether lost the New England accent, which he had brought to Paris from Boston twenty years ago.From the sentence we can infer that Amusable is American, b

31、ecause Boston is an American city.We make a mistake New England as an English place, we understanding theinterior meaning is a very important and necessary technique in reading.2.2 Guessing unknown wordsAnyones reading ability much bases on vocabulary which he has been grasped. In order to improve r

32、eading speed, it is important to extend vocabulary as much as possible. Enlarging vocabulary mainly depends on accumulation usually, and remembering them hardly. Rome wasnt built in a day. Reading practice for a long time is not enough for, readers couldnt grasp enough vocabulary to deal with all ki

33、nds of problems in reading. Even them have large quantity of vocabulary, may also meet some new words. Grasping some skills to deal with new words in reading, trying best to sweep the barrier of new words are necessary to improve reading ability. There are many ways to guess words meaning:2.2.1 Gues

34、sing the words meaning from the information. Their can deduce the words meaning by general knowledge according to the whole context. For example: In old days, when girls from rich family were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.We know “dowry”

35、is a noun, and from the foregoing context and ancient customs, we guess “dowry” means “things like furniture, washing closet, TV and so on”.2.2.2 Guessing the words meaning from semantic relation.New words appearing in some text are not separated. Its meaning relates closely to other words of the se

36、ntence or paragraph. Using semantic relation is good for guessing wordings meaning, even understanding the sentence or paragraph. For example:(1) He takes a special interest in botany, which concerns the study of plants.It is a simple attribution subordinate clause; we can make sure that “botany” me

37、ans “the study of plants”.(2) The nurse was on the night shiftfrom midnight to 7 a.m. The dash explains the phrase night shift, so we know “night shift” means “someone works at night, from about midnight to 7 a.m.”(3) In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and ot

38、her public halls. We know battle site theatre and other public halls are buildings that many people visit, and certainly “mansion” is “a building”.(4) Like the other mountain boys, Dee was tedium. But he became talk active when I mentioned the fish King Salomon to him.Suspect “tedium” is a new word,

39、 through a turning conjunction “but”, we know “tedium” and talk active” are antonyms. “tedium” means “speak less” .(5) The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.From the structure “asas, we can see that this is a metaphoric sentence, and buoyant” concerns som

40、ething moves on the water, so the meaning of “buoyant” is “drift”.(6) All his attempts to unlock the door were futile; because she was using the wrong key.If you use a wrong key, all attempts you have done will be useless. So “futile” means “useless”. (7) Human is an up semantic word, indicates gene

41、ral concept. It includes man, woman, child and something with specific concept. This semantic relation can help us judge words meaning, as:She likes red colors, so today she is in crimson.Though you dont know the down semantic word “crimson”, you also can comprehend its meaningthe color like red.2.2

42、.3 Guessing the words meaning by the words constructionSuch as prefix, suffix, derivative, compound, root and affix cant only help English learners remember words,and expand vocabulary in ordinary days, but also guess the unknown words meaning. They help readers sweep the barrier, so as to improve r

43、eading speed. For instance,root-log-can produce dozens of words with different prefix and suffix. Such as dialogue, prologue, monologue. If we are familiar with these prefix dialrelative, probefore, monolonely.The words meaning will come out quickly, respectively. Other word “philanthropist” has pre

44、fix “philove ardently”, “rootanthrophuman”, “noun suffix-its”, so the meaning of the word is one person who loves human ardently. “Unpredictable” with prefix unnot, prebefore, dicespeak, and adjective suffixable, its meaning is something that can not be anticipated. “Mormonism” with root mammonwealt

45、h, suffixism, its basic meaning is “somebody regards money as God”, “superabundance”, this word is so long and may be threaten some readers firstly, but its root abundant means enough, full ,with prefix superover, comes out meaning “too much, too plenty”. If readers can analysis words construction a

46、nd grasp basic regulation with clue, unknown words meaning will be inferred. For example:“They were not unconscious of their own mistakes”. In this sentence, “not” and adjective prefix “un-from” is double negative, which equal sure. So the whole sentence means “They were fully conscious of their own

47、 mistakes”.2.3 Finding the central sentenceGenerally speaking, there is a topic sentence that can express general or succinct, and the sentence structure is relatively simple. If readers can identify the topic sentence, it is easy to grasp firmly the main idea of a text. It is efficient to grasp gen

48、eral ideas through identifying topic sentence. The topic sentence usually appears in the following position (1) at the beginning; (2) in the middle; and (3) at the end.(1) At the beginning The topic sentence of many passages in paper or some standard explanations is usually located at the beginning.

49、 It is common to locate the close topic sentence at the beginning. This kind of deduct the passage or text normally follows this writing feather: from general to specific. That is to say, the first sentence generates the whole passage, and the following explain the general idea. For example:Communic

50、ation between village and the nearest town was poor. Roads were bad; there was some attempt to keep them in order, but as each parish was responsible for its own section of road, the state of repair depended on the zeal of the parish offices. There was, however, little wheeled traffic except for far

51、m coaches used by men of wealth. Most traffic was by means of packhorses. Travelers rode on horseback or walked. Since communication was so difficult, the local markets, held weekly at the nearest town, or the fairs, held annually at the greater cities, became important places for the exchange of go

52、ods of all kinds.The topic of this communication, the first sentence is the most important statement to general idea, so it is the topic sentence, and the followings elaborate the general idea. Such as “Roads were bad” and “Travel was chiefly by horse, respectively elaboration one and elaboration tw

53、o”. At last it explains the affection from the above, “Fairs were important for exchange of good.”(2) In the middleSometimes the topic sentence appears at the passage. The former sentences of this passage lend the topic, then the topic sentence inserts in, next expand, prove and emphasis the topic s

54、entence, or give the logic extend. The narration with discussion often uses this topic sentence. For example:Teaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training as well as affiliation. The act of teaching is looked upon as a flow of knowledge from a source to a

55、n empty container. The students role is to receive information; the teachers role is to send it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know candy therefore not capable of being wrong and another, usually younger person who is supposed not to know. However, teaching need

56、 not be the province of a special group of people nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposedly empty head: If you have a certain skill you should be able to share it with someone. You dont have to get cert

57、ified to convey what you know to someone else or to help then in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our cultures should come to realize our own potential as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with someo

58、ne who had need of that knowledge or skill.This passage extends on “Teaching”.The first sentence concerns an important persons view, but we cant make sure it is the authors idea, he doesnt agree with the first view, and gives reasons. The last of the second sentence behind “However” expresses authors view to “teaching”“All of usshould come to realize our own potential as teachers”, at last, explains why he has that view.(3) At the endThe opposite situation of the above is that the topic sentence is located at the end of a passage. T