新課標(biāo)人教版選修八Book8 Unit5 Language points

1、1 領(lǐng)某人參觀領(lǐng)某人參觀 2 一個(gè)敏銳的觀察者一個(gè)敏銳的觀察者 3 把把和和相比相比 4 遭受遭受 5 不顧不顧 6 嚇跑野獸嚇跑野獸 7 火團(tuán)燃燒一整個(gè)冬天火團(tuán)燃燒一整個(gè)冬天 8 在洞口懸掛獸皮在洞口懸掛獸皮 9 使在外使在外 10 在寒冷的冬天在寒冷的冬天 11 至多，最多至多，最多 12 鋒利的石器工具鋒利的石器工具 13 穿獸皮制成的衣服穿獸皮制成的衣服 14 切割野獸并剝皮切割野獸并剝皮 15 在獸皮上擦上大量的鹽 16 原始項(xiàng)鏈原始項(xiàng)鏈 17 講究他們的外貌講究他們的外貌 18 跟隨動(dòng)物群跟隨動(dòng)物群 19 種植他們自己的莊稼種植他們自己的莊稼 show sb. aroundan a

2、cute observercomparewithsuffer fromregardless ofscare wild beasts awaykeep the fire burning all winterhung animal skins at the cave mouthkeep outduring the freezing winterat mostthe sharpened stone toolswear clothes made from animal skinscut up animals and remove their skinrub an ample amount of sal

3、t onto the skinprimitive necklacefollow the herds of animalsgrow their own cropscare about their appearance Explanation1.想必你們知道想必你們知道, 正是在這兒我們找到居住在正是在這兒我們找到居住在世界這個(gè)部分最早人類(lèi)的證據(jù)。世界這個(gè)部分最早人類(lèi)的證據(jù)。 You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of

4、the world. a. You must be aware that主句后接主句后接由強(qiáng)調(diào)由強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語(yǔ)從句組成的句和定語(yǔ)從句組成的賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句。 must是作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示肯定推測(cè), 譯作“一 定, 肯定”。只用于肯定推測(cè)。 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)推測(cè)，用 “must do”。走了很長(zhǎng)的路走了很長(zhǎng)的路, 你一定很餓。你一定很餓。You must be hungry after a long walk 對(duì)正發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的事進(jìn)行推測(cè)對(duì)正發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的事進(jìn)行推測(cè), 用用“must be doing”。燈亮著燈亮著, 他一定正在做作業(yè)。他一定正在做作業(yè)。 The light is on. He mu

5、st be doing his homework now 對(duì)過(guò)去的事進(jìn)行推測(cè)對(duì)過(guò)去的事進(jìn)行推測(cè), 用用“must have done”。 地是濕的地是濕的, 昨晚一定下雨了。昨晚一定下雨了。The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. b. aware adj意識(shí)到的意識(shí)到的, 知道的。通常用作知道的。通常用作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)。 我們必須清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到許多動(dòng)物正瀕臨滅絕的我們必須清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到許多動(dòng)物正瀕臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。危險(xiǎn)。We should be aware that a lot of animals are becoming endangered

6、 be aware of sth. 知道；意識(shí)到知道；意識(shí)到雖然很多煙民知道吸煙的危害，但還是不戒煙。雖然很多煙民知道吸煙的危害，但還是不戒煙。 Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking, they wont give up. c. its here that we 是強(qiáng)調(diào)句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,其基本句式是其基本句式是It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who)+句子其他部分句子其他部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語(yǔ)此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 d. “Who lived in this p

7、art of the world”是是定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞修飾先行詞 people。people在定語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ), 故用關(guān)系代詞故用關(guān)系代詞who來(lái)來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2.很抱歉打擾你很抱歉打擾你, 我想問(wèn)問(wèn)他們是怎么我想問(wèn)問(wèn)他們是怎么在這里生活的？在這里生活的？ Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 句型句型“Im sorry.but.”是口語(yǔ)中委婉的是口語(yǔ)中委婉的表達(dá)表達(dá), “but”表示語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)折。表示語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)折。 - 周末有空嗎周末有空嗎? - 對(duì)不起對(duì)不起, 我有大量的事要做

8、我有大量的事要做 Are you free this weekend? Im sorry, but l have lots of work to do His research was interrupted by war.3. 我們?cè)谏降谋容^高的洞穴里發(fā)現(xiàn)了動(dòng)我們?cè)谏降谋容^高的洞穴里發(fā)現(xiàn)了動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)的骨頭以及工具和其他物品。物和人類(lèi)的骨頭以及工具和其他物品。We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.as well as 1)

9、 conj. as well as 可以用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)相可以用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)相同的成分同的成分, 如名詞如名詞, 形容詞形容詞, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞, 介詞介詞, 通通常不位于句首。意為常不位于句首。意為“不但不但.而且而且”。2) prep. 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于besides, in addition to，意為意為“除除.之外之外”, 后面通常接名詞或后面通常接名詞或動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞。As well as eating five course meals, they drank two bottles of wine.She sings as well as plays the piano. Helen as wel

10、l as I is eager to see the performance. 4. 因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧寒冷住在因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧寒冷住在這些洞穴里。這些洞穴里。So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold assume vt. 1) to think that something is true although you have no proof of it 假定：假定： 設(shè)想設(shè)想 we assume that everyone invited

11、 will turn up 2) to pretend 裝作裝作 She assumed a look of surprise 她裝出一副吃驚的樣子。她裝出一副吃驚的樣子。 regardless of prep. 1) without being affected by different situations, problems, etc. 不管不管; 不顧不顧He went ahead and did it, regardless of the consequence. 8. 他們用這火取暖、做飯他們用這火取暖、做飯, 還能用火嚇還能用火嚇跑野獸。跑野獸。That would have k

12、ept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.1) would 表示猜測(cè)表示猜測(cè), 譯為譯為 “想必想必”、“肯定會(huì)肯定會(huì)”。2) keep them warm為為keep+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)意為補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)意為 “使使.處于某種狀處于某種狀態(tài)（情況）態(tài)（情況）”。用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的。用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的詞有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、形容詞、副詞有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、形容詞、副詞以及介詞短語(yǔ)。詞以及介詞短語(yǔ)。 他使我等了半個(gè)小時(shí)。他使我等了半個(gè)小時(shí)。 He kept me waiting for h

13、alf an hour. 6. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰, 幾乎有六幾乎有六米厚米厚, 這說(shuō)明他們可能整個(gè)冬季都在燒火。這說(shuō)明他們可能整個(gè)冬季都在燒火。 a. “have been excavating”是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí), 表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)

14、調(diào)動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)。動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)。我已經(jīng)找了三天我丟的書(shū)我已經(jīng)找了三天我丟的書(shū), 但仍沒(méi)找到。但仍沒(méi)找到。 I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. b. 句中句中 “ which” 用來(lái)引導(dǎo)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句, 先行詞為其前的句子。先行詞為其前的句子。 c. suggest vt. to make evident indirectly; imply 意為意為“暗示暗示, 意味意味, 表明表明”她蒼白的臉色表明她病了。她蒼白的臉色表明她病了。 Her pale

15、 face suggests that she was ill.他的無(wú)禮反映了他缺乏家教。他的無(wú)禮反映了他缺乏家教。His bad manners suggest a lack of family education 我建議她馬上回家。我建議她馬上回家。I suggest her going home at onceI suggested (that) she (should) go home at once7. 還保存得如此完好。還保存得如此完好。Yes and so well preserved這是省略的句子這是省略的句子, 完整句應(yīng)是完整句應(yīng)是: and it is so well pr

16、eserved (it指指necklace)你可以用鹽保存肉或魚(yú)。你可以用鹽保存肉或魚(yú)。You can preserve meat or fish in salt. 警察的職責(zé)之一是維持公共秩序。警察的職責(zé)之一是維持公共秩序。It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order. 11. 確實(shí)確實(shí), 正如植物學(xué)分析具體顯示給正如植物學(xué)分析具體顯示給我們的那樣我們的那樣, 附近所有的土地都曾是大附近所有的土地都曾是大型淺湖的一部分。型淺湖的一部分。Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses

17、have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake a. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常譯作引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常譯作“正正如如 那樣那樣”。 正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)的那樣正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)的那樣, 偽裝的敵人就像是披著偽裝的敵人就像是披著羊皮的狼。羊皮的狼。As the proverb goes, “The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheeps clothing.” Do you think it is important for us

18、 to know about them? Why? Zhoukoudian Caves were formally inscribed (記入記入) on the “World Heritage List” in December 1987 at the eleventh session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The inscriptionSummary of the Peking Man Site on the World Heritage List confirms the exceptional and universal value o

19、f the cultural site, which requires protection for the benefit of all humanity. The site is therefore not only of China, but also of the world as a whole.1我們有足夠的錢(qián)去旅游。我們有足夠的錢(qián)去旅游。We have ample money for the journey. 2. 直到她摘下墨鏡，我才認(rèn)出她是一位著名的影星。直到她摘下墨鏡，我才認(rèn)出她是一位著名的影星。 Not until she took off her dark glasse

20、s did I recognize she was a famous film star. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star. 3. 我們?cè)诰蹠?huì)上玩得很高興。我們?cè)诰蹠?huì)上玩得很高興。We had a wonderful time at the party. 我們?cè)诰蹠?huì)上玩得多高興呀！我們?cè)诰蹠?huì)上玩得多高興呀！ 感嘆句感嘆句 What a wonderful time it was that we had at the party

21、! 4. 人們厭煩這么多的交通堵塞。（人們厭煩這么多的交通堵塞。（be fed up with）People get fed up with all these traffic jams. 1 It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters. (2005天津高考天津高考) A. that B. what C. which D. this 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ), 此時(shí)應(yīng)用此時(shí)應(yīng)用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。來(lái)引導(dǎo)。2 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine school, where she _ English for a year.(湖南湖南2007)A. studies B. studiedC. is studying D. has been studying 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 根據(jù)句子提供的時(shí)態(tài)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)根據(jù)句子提供的時(shí)態(tài)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for a year選選D。此處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)