初中英語介詞用法詳解與練習(xí)

1、定義：介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補語或介詞賓語。一、表示時間的介詞：1)in , on，at 在時in表示較長時間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in ones life , in ones thirt

2、ies等。on表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。at表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。注意：在l

3、ast, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：We meet every day. “at時間點，有on必有天，in指月季年，也和色相連”就是說，有具體的時間點的時候用at，具體那一天用on，說到月份，季節(jié)，年份，就用in ；而且說誰穿了什么顏色的衣服的時候，也是用in XX（color）】at用于某一具體時刻或重大節(jié)日之前在五點鐘_在中午_在夜晚_在圣誕節(jié)_(2)on用在具體某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前在國慶節(jié)_在周二晚上_在星期天_ (3)in用在周、日、季節(jié)或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前在一周內(nèi)_在五月_在夏季_在2009年_在下午_歸

4、納總結(jié)在初中階段常見的固定短語in English用英語 in a minute一會兒、立刻 in a short while一會兒、不久in a hurry匆匆忙忙 in danger在危險中 in full全部地、詳細地in a word一句話 in all總共 in every case不管怎樣in the end最后 in spite of盡管 in person親自in fact事實上 in good health身體健康的 in front of在前面in some ways在某些方面 in common共同的 in public當(dāng)眾2、before、afterbefore表示“在

5、某時刻或某件事之前”，after用在時刻或某件事之后。We must leave _.八點鐘之前我們必須離開。（before 8 oclock）_breakfast ,he hurried to school.早餐后，他匆忙上學(xué)去了。（After）考題再現(xiàn)：When the school building began to shake, the teachers ran downstairs _all the students. The teachers are real hero. A .after B .with C .before【解析】after“在之后”，with“與一起”，befo

6、re“在之前”。老師們是英雄，說明老師們在地震后跑在了學(xué)生之后。3、by、until、till（1）by表示“在之前，到為止”You must hand in your homework _nine oclock.你必須在9點前交上家庭作業(yè)。（by）（2）till與until都有“直到”或“直到為止”之意，till多用于口語，且不能放在句首，till和until用于肯定句時，主句中動詞的動作一致延續(xù)到till或until后的時間為止；till和until用于否定句時，主句中的動詞是瞬間動作，它的動作要到till或until后的時間才發(fā)生。搭配： notuntil 直到才Eg：He can no

7、t be back _January.直到一月份他才回來。（till/until）We waited _10 oclock last night.昨晚我們一直等到10點鐘。（till/until）4Of, about, on Of 僅指“關(guān)于”人或事物的存在。 He spoke of the film the other day. He thought of the matter yesterday. About 指“關(guān)于”某人或某事物的較詳細的情況。 Its a book for children about Africa and its people. Can you tell me so

8、mething about yourself? On 指“關(guān)于”學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅性的，供專門研究用的。 Its a textbook on history of China. 5、in ，after 兩者都有“在一段時間之后”之意，但“in+時間段”表示時間從現(xiàn)在算起，常用語將來時態(tài)；而“after+時間段/時間點”表示的時間從過去算起，多用于過去式。Eg：（1）I will finish the work _two hours.兩個小時后我將完成這項工作。（2）He returned his hometown _half an year.半年后他返回了他的故鄉(xiāng)?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】No hurry.

9、The bus will arrive _ten minutes.A .at B. for C.in D. by【解析】在將來時中，in用在一段時間之前，表示在一段時間之后。故選C二、表示地點的介詞：表示方位的介詞：in、on、toIn表示“在內(nèi)”，on表示“與相鄰”，to表示“在之外，又不相鄰” A is in the northeast of B. A is on the west of B. B is to the east of A.【考題再現(xiàn)】Taiwan is a beautiful island and its _east of Fujian. A.in B.on C.to【解析

10、】在表示方位時，in表在內(nèi)部，on表相鄰，to表在外部，又不相鄰。臺灣在附件的外部，與福建隔海相望。2、表示“在之上或之下”的介詞above, over, on 在上above 指在上方,不強調(diào)是否垂直，與 below相對； over指垂直的上方,與under相對,但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。 on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.3)below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方 belo

11、w表示在下，不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.My pencil-case is _ Li Leis desk.我的鉛筆盒在李磊的課桌上。There is a bridge _ the river.河上有座橋。The plane is flying _ the clouds.飛機在云層上飛行。Please do not write _this line.請不要寫在這條線的下面。The water flows _the bridge.水在橋下流過。【考題再現(xiàn)】The weathe

12、r report said that the temperature would fell _(在下面)zero.【解析】“在下面”可用below或under，表示在溫度的上方或下方用above（上）或 Below（下）。3、表示在某地的介詞：at、in、onat表示較小的地點，in表示較大的地方，on表示在一個平面上。Eg：_ Shanghai._ home._ ground.【考題再現(xiàn)】Tom told me his parents had arrived _Beijing. A. at B. on C. in D. to 【解析】arrive后接兩個介詞in或at，at接小地方，in接大

13、地方。北京是大地方， 4、表示“前、后”的介詞in front of ，in the front of，before 表示“在之前” in front of = before表示“在某一范圍之外的前面” in the front of表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的前部” eg：Tom is short and always sits _ the classroom.湯姆很矮，一直坐在教室的前面。There is a tree _ my house.我的房前有棵大樹。at the back of, behind, after三者均有“在之后”之意，at the back of是in the front

14、of的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的后部”，behind是in front of的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之外的后面”，After可與behind互換，也可以用于表示運動的詞詞后面。Eg：The couples are walking _their son.這對夫婦跟在他們的兒子后面散步。Your cat is _the tree.你的貓躲在樹后面。Theres a blackboard _the classroom.教室后面有塊黑板?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】There is a bank _（在后面）the bus station.【解析】在某一物體外部的后面，5、表示“里外”的介詞in表示“在內(nèi)”，有

15、靜止之意，inside表示“在里面”、“到里面”，強調(diào)“以為界”之意， into表示動作的方向，意為“到內(nèi)”。 Eg： My wallet is _the closet.我的錢包在衣柜里。 The boy rushed _ the house.這個男孩沖進房子。 He was reading English _the door.他在家里讀英語。outside是inside的反義詞，表示“在外面”，out of 是into的反義詞，表示“到外”。 Eg：Dont look _the window when you are in class.上課時不要想窗外看。They are having an

16、 important meeting ,please wait _ the office.他們正在召開一個重要的會議，請在辦公室外邊等候。6. from, to, for, into, out of 1)from 從. The train started from Paris. She will fly from Beijing to HK. 2)to 到.（目的地）去，向. He went to Guangzhou last year. They got to the town very late. 3)for 向.，表目的方向 He left for Tianjin on business

17、 yesterday. The train for Shanghai has been away. Towards, to 和for都可表示方向，其區(qū)別如下： Towards僅指朝向某個方向，不一定是目的地，而to 和for都是“向目的地”。 For作“向（目的地）時，常用于固定搭配中，如：leave for, start for 4) into 進入 Please put the water into the bottle. The teacher came into the classroom.5)out of 從.出來 A girl in red went out of the shop

18、. They pulled him out of the water.三、其他介詞1、表示材料與手段的介詞：with, by, inwith表示用什么工具，所用的東西都是具體的物。 Eg： We see _our eyes and hear _ears.我們用眼看，用耳聽。by指“靠手段”，“用方法”，“憑借動作”，所表示的方法、手段、途徑比較抽象，后接名詞、代 詞或動名詞，也可和bus、plane、bike等表示交通手段的名詞連用。 Eg： He earns his living _writing.他靠寫作謀生。 I shall contact you _telephone.我將打電話和你聯(lián)

19、系。 I will travel to Hainan _ air.我將乘飛機去海南?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】Lin Lin often practices English _chatting with her American friend. A. in B. by C. for D. with 【解析】by后接動名詞常表示使用某種方法或通過某種途徑。in表示“所用材料以及所用的語言、聲音、衣飾等” eg： They are talking _Japanese.他們正用日語交談。 The boy always _a blue heat.男孩常帶一頂藍帽。 I like to draw picture _r

20、ed ink.我喜歡用紅墨水畫畫。【考題再現(xiàn)】Betly lets make a cake _some flour, sugar, butter and milk. A. at B. of C. in D. with【解析】根據(jù)句意“Betly讓我們用面粉、糖、黃油、牛奶做面包”可知，空格部分介詞為用，With指工具或材料， 2、of, from, aboutOf表示“屬于的”，表示數(shù)量或種類；from表示“是哪里人”以及時間或時間的起點來自；about“關(guān)于”、“大約、左右”等。 Eg：The old man sit here _morning.從早晨起老人就坐在這兒。Wang Hong i

21、s a friend _mine.王紅是我的一位朋友。I know nothing _him.我對他一無所知。There are _fifty people in the room.房間里大約有50人。Here is a cup _tea for you.給你一杯茶。These visitors are all _American.這些游客都來自美國?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】I got an e-mail this morning.It was _ my foreign friend ,Tony.【解析】be from意為“來自”，表明主語的出處。 四、幾個已混介詞的用法辨析1)表示“在之間”的介詞：be

22、tween, amongbetween指在兩個人或兩個事物之間；among指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間。My school is _the post office and the hospital.我的學(xué)校在郵局和醫(yī)院之間。I found him _the crowd.我從人群中發(fā)現(xiàn)了他?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】You must ride your bike _the right side of road. A. at B. on C. in D .for There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playgrou

23、nd.The teacher is standing among the students.2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具by 以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；in 表示用方式，用語言(語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等；He makes a living by selling newspapers. He broke the window with a stone. The foreigner spoke to us in English.五、含有介詞的固定搭配1、介詞與動詞do well in在某方面做的好do with處置agr

24、ee with sb.同意某人begin with以開始laugh at嘲笑help with在方面幫助leave for動身去某地catch up with趕上get on/along with與相處arrive in/at到達makefriend with與交朋友take care of照顧、照料look at看listen to聽hear from聽說look for尋找turn on/off打開/關(guān)上send for派人去請look after照看、照料put on穿上pay for為付錢lookover檢查depend on依賴、依靠wait for等候fill with充滿ask

25、for要，要求【考題再現(xiàn)】What would you do _the lost libarary book? I would by to find it or pay _ it. A. for, to B. about, for C. with, for D. with, to【解析】本題考查的是介詞的固定搭配。do with意為“處置”、“對付”，pay for“為付錢”2、介詞和形容詞的固定搭配be satisfied with sb.對某人感到滿意be weak in在某方面差be good/bad for對有益/有害be late for遲到be pleased with sb.對某

26、人感到滿意be busy with忙于be angry at sth.因而生氣be made of由制成be angry at sb.生某人的氣be good at在方面做的好be full of充滿be different from與不同be strict with sb.對某人要求嚴(yán)格be strict in sth.對某事要求嚴(yán)格be proud of以為榮【考題再現(xiàn)】We must be strict _ourselves and strict_our work. A.in,with B.with,in C.in,in D.with,with 【解析】本體考察的是介詞和形容詞搭配的固定

27、短語。be strict with sb.意為“對某人要求嚴(yán)格”，對 某事要求嚴(yán)格在strict后面接in3、介詞與名詞搭配in time及時at work在工作on time按時in fact事實上at home在家at once馬上at night晚上in trouble處于困境on foot步行on duty值日in a hurry匆忙in the sun在陽光下cross: 動詞“跨過，越過”=go across 4. across: （表面）跨過 through: （內(nèi)部）穿過，貫穿 介詞 eg. 1) Can you swim _ the river? 2) The road ru

28、ns _ the forest. 3) _ the bridge, youll find a cinema.6. in the tree(外加在樹上的事物) on the tree(樹上自身具有的花、果、葉等) in the wall(鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)部的事物) 7. on the wall(墻表面的事物) 鞏固練習(xí)1. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.（in, on, to）2.Go _ the bridge _ the river, youll find the shop.（across, through; over, above）3. I go to sc

29、hool _7:30 every morning.（in, on, at）4.He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ）5. The Greens have lived in China _ three years.（in, for, after）6. We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.（except, besides）7. He wrote the letter _ ink.（by, with ,in）8. She retu

30、rned to her country _five years.（in, after, for）9. There is a big tree _ our classroom.（after, behind）10. I usually go to work _ bike.（by, on, with）強化復(fù)習(xí)1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on 2 -There is nothing tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No.

31、 We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up3 A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since 4 tie suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during 5 My grandfather was born _ Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of6 The train is starting

32、 _ five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D. still 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on21 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past 2 We returned to our hometown_.A. next

33、week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week 3 Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last year D. on the last year31 Children wake up very early _ the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stre

34、et.A. In B. On C. At D. For3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in41 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in;

35、in 2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. A. on B. in C. at D. to3 Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996.A. on B. of C. to, D. in4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning _Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In; of C. On; for D. At; for 5 Ann moved _ Hangzhou_ Septemb

36、er, 1992.A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D. in; in 6 They started off_ an autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C. in D. on1 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. fA. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. i

37、n; on; at D. in; at; on3 The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten. A: in B. at C. on D. of 4 The children get up _ 6 o'clock.A. at B. on C. during D. in61 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A. for; with B. on; without C. about; having D. for; without2 I worked on the problem _

38、a long time and I worked it out_ myself_ last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the 3 A new factory will be set up_ a years later.A. for B. in C. after D. on 4 Two years_ he began to write another story-book.A. after B. later; C. in D. late5 We will finish the picture a da

39、y.A. in B. on C. after D. on 6 The workers had been_ strike _ almost a month.A. on; in B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during 7 Mr. Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours before they finally found him.A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during71 The teacher is coming back_ an hour.A. after B. for

40、 C. in D. before2 She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950.A. between B. during C. in D. since3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing_ two days.A. after B. in C. on D. before4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _ the end.A. by B. at C. in D. on87 Mary had finished h

41、er homework_ the time I got home.A. until B. by C. at D. when2 We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned.A. till B. by C. during D. while3 They didn't leave the station_ they get on the train.A. until B. by C. after y D. at91 Don't worry. He will return_.A. before long B. long before C. lon

42、g long ago D. long ago2 There lived an old man, fishing at sea_.A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon3 It was not _ they came back.A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after4 I was told that his uncle had gone to France . A. long before -B. shortly after C. befo

43、re long D. long ago101 _ Tom gets up at five in the morning. A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times2 I remember we met each other_ last year.A. Sometime' B. some times C. some time D. sometimes 3 Mary and I have been to the Great Wall,_.A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times 4 He studied English for _ in London, and then he went to America.A. sometimes B. someti