關(guān)于20年高考英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實(shí)相反的條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中表示與事實(shí)情況相反表示與事實(shí)情況相反條件從句的謂語(yǔ)形式條件從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式表示現(xiàn)在情況表示現(xiàn)在情況過(guò)去式過(guò)去式(did)(be常用常用 were)would / could / mi

2、ght / should (用于第用于第1人稱人稱) +動(dòng)動(dòng)詞原形詞原形(do)表示過(guò)去情況表示過(guò)去情況過(guò)去完成式過(guò)去完成式(had +done上面上面4個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done表示將來(lái)情況表示將來(lái)情況過(guò)去式過(guò)去式 (did)should + do were to do4個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + do虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣例句例句if you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來(lái)幾分鐘的話，你就能見(jiàn)到他了。(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)2. if it were sunny tomorrow, i would

3、come to see you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來(lái)看你。(與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反)3. if i were you, i would go at once. 1. 假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)上我不可能是你)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣二、省略二、省略 if 的條件從句的條件從句當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或 should 時(shí)，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。 if i were to meet him tomorrow, i should ask him about it. were i to meet him tomorrow

4、, if he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. should he fail in the experiment 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣三、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的條件句三、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的條件句 即從句與主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同。此時(shí)，需要按時(shí)間來(lái)確定虛擬形式。如：if they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會(huì)容易些。 1. if he had not taken my advice

5、, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不聽(tīng)取我的建議，他就不會(huì)干得這樣好。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在復(fù)合句中的應(yīng)用：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在復(fù)合句中的應(yīng)用：虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣1、記?。哼@些動(dòng)詞后面接的賓語(yǔ)從句：表示愿望( wish), 建議(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。2、除wish外，其它動(dòng)詞用should + do 構(gòu)成, should 可以省略。3、 wish接賓語(yǔ)從句有三種情況： 1) 現(xiàn)在：用過(guò)去式

6、2) 過(guò)去：用過(guò)去完成式 (had done) 3) 將來(lái)：用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(would / could) + do虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：在賓語(yǔ)從句中在賓語(yǔ)從句中 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣例句1. i wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一邊。 2. i wish i were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。3. i wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一個(gè)好職業(yè)。4. he wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他沒(méi)這樣做該多好。5. he ordered th

7、at the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：在賓語(yǔ)從句中在賓語(yǔ)從句中 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣4、記?。河涀。篿nsist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語(yǔ)氣各有兩種意思，要用不同的語(yǔ)氣insist 表示表示“堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，用虛擬形式，即時(shí)，用虛擬形式，即 should + do;insist 表示表示“堅(jiān)稱，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)堅(jiān)稱，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示事實(shí)。時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示事實(shí)。suggest 表示表示“建議建議”時(shí)，用虛擬形式。時(shí)，用虛擬形式。su

8、ggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例句例句the teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。 he insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。 1) he insisted that he was right.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：在賓語(yǔ)從句中在賓語(yǔ)

9、從句中 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在在would (had) rather(寧愿寧愿) 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中從句中 當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的時(shí)間時(shí)當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的時(shí)間時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí);表示過(guò)去時(shí)間時(shí)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。i would rather he came tomorrow than today.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：在賓語(yǔ)從句中在賓語(yǔ)從句中 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣在句型 “it is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)

10、動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形 例句 its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。1. its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在主語(yǔ)從句中在主語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣主句的主語(yǔ)常是表示說(shuō)話人愿望(wish / desire)、建議(suggestion / advice) 要求(requiremen

11、t / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名詞，表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (should) + do.our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在表語(yǔ)從句中在表語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞常是表示說(shuō)話人愿望、建議、要求、命令等的名詞。 the suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. do you know the order that you (shoul

12、d) keep watch.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在同位語(yǔ)從句中在同位語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式 (had done).一、as if 連接表語(yǔ)從句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起來(lái)似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.二、as if 連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從 句 she looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顧這男孩就像自己的兒子一樣

13、。he speaks to us as if he had been there. 他給我們講的好象他去過(guò)那兒。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在在 as if 從句中從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. if only 意為：若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式; 如果是過(guò)去的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài) if only i had arrived in time!if only she didnt drive so fast.2. its (high/right) time that that 從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)或should + do its time th

14、at you left here.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的幾個(gè)特例虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的幾個(gè)特例虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣3. 一些介詞短語(yǔ), 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否則), in that case(如果是那樣的話), 表示含蓄的條件,這時(shí)主句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的幾個(gè)特例虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的幾個(gè)特例虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣1、表示說(shuō)話人的要求、建議、命令時(shí)，常用(should) do表示虛擬形式, 主要用于名詞性從句中。2、其它情況常用兩種形式：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

15、，用過(guò)去式；表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式。簡(jiǎn)單的歸納簡(jiǎn)單的歸納虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣alan _ the party if he had gone to london. a. would have missed b. had missed c. would miss d. missed2. if i knew you were coming, i _ you at the airport. a. had met b. met c. would meet d. would have metexercisesad虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣3. if only i _ to my parents! (but i

16、didnt.) a. listened b. had listened c. should listen d. would listen4. tom suggested that ann _ the house. a. sell b. sold c. shall sell d. would sell5. i wish this bus _ to the university. a. go b. went c. has gone d. had gonebab虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣6. simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though

17、 his parents feed him very well. a. get b. getting c. got d. should get7. he is talking so much about america as if he _ there. a. had been b. were c. was d. been8. i _ you some money, but i hadnt got any then. a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lentcab虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣9. have you ever been to beij