我的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載專題語法時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)英語中不同時(shí)間和方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示，這種表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間和方式的動(dòng)詞形式稱作動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)間主要有四個(gè)主要部分，即現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來。動(dòng)作 方面也有四種，即一般、完成、進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行。中學(xué)課本中常見的時(shí)態(tài)有以下幾種：時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成用法一般主語動(dòng)詞 (單數(shù)第三人稱s表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或客現(xiàn)在時(shí)或 es)觀事實(shí)等現(xiàn)在主語 am (is，are)現(xiàn)在分詞 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)行時(shí)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在(1)主語 will(shall) 動(dòng)詞原形表示在現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在將來時(shí)(2)主語 am (

2、is, are) going 的狀態(tài)to動(dòng)詞原形(1) 動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去， 一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在， 可以和表示持續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語連用。 (2) 動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在主語 have (has)過去分詞發(fā)生于過去，已經(jīng)完成，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)完成時(shí)在有影響， 一般沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語，主要通過上下文來理解。時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成用法一般主語動(dòng)詞的過去式表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)作(包括過去習(xí)慣性的過去時(shí)動(dòng)作 )或存在的狀態(tài)過去主語was (were) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)分詞表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過去主語would 動(dòng)詞原形 表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)頃r(shí)存在的狀態(tài)既可以表示在過去某一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前就過去主 語 had 過 去 分

3、詞 發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可表示過去發(fā)生的某完成時(shí)一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過去的另一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在主語 have (has)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一完成been 現(xiàn)在分詞直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛進(jìn)行時(shí)剛終止，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是英語語法的重中之重，因?yàn)樗鼈兣c句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句子表達(dá)、語言邏輯緊密相連，無論是單選、完形、閱讀還是書面表達(dá)都離不開時(shí)態(tài)。高考試題中常對(duì)以下幾種情況進(jìn)行考查。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、 經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或客觀事實(shí)等；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。His daug

4、hter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss.注意：在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接用將來時(shí)態(tài)。If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.2一般將來時(shí)和過去將來

5、時(shí)一般將來時(shí)主要用于表示在現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；過去將來時(shí)主要用于表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office?He told me if I didn't follow his advice, something bad would happen.注意： “will (shall) do和 “”be going to do都”可表示意圖。如果是事先考慮過的意圖，要用begoing to ；如果是說話時(shí)臨時(shí)決

6、定的，則用will 。I am going to spend my holiday on Hainan Island this winter.I am sorry. I forgot to post the letter for you.That's all right. I will post it myself.3一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)作(包括過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作)或存在的狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有兩種用法：(1) 動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以和表示持續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語連用。(2) 動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去

7、，已經(jīng)完成，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，一般沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語，主要通過上下文來理解。We volunteered to collect money to help the victims of the earthquake.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.4一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或在某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)發(fā)生了某事；而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，側(cè)重動(dòng)作持續(xù)的長(zhǎng)度。For the sake of her dau

8、ghter's health, she decided to move to a warm climate.I hear he was writing a book last year, but I don't know whether he has finished it.5一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法比較過去完成時(shí)既可以表示在過去某一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前就發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過去的另一個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作。它和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別主要在于時(shí)間的參照點(diǎn)上。He began to learn English when he was fifteen.The litt

9、le girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)都可和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而過去完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間。He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.Many people have suffered much from the endless increasing price.7

10、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)雖然不屬于我們中學(xué)課本中常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)，但是在近幾年的高考試題中頻頻出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該引起我們的注意?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.語態(tài)語態(tài)是表示主語和動(dòng)詞之間語法關(guān)系及語義關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式，有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)兩種形式。英語中的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)是不可分割的，每種時(shí)態(tài)都有其相應(yīng)的語態(tài)形式學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載語態(tài)構(gòu)成例句The lion is considered the king of一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的

11、被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語 am(is, are)過去分詞the forest as it isa symbol ofcourage and power.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語 am(is, are) being過去分詞My car is being repaired at present.主語 will(shall)be 過去分現(xiàn)在將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)詞 / 主語 am(is,are) going The new bridge willbe completedto be過去分詞at the end of the year.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)主 語 have(has) been I am surprised t

12、hat you should have been語態(tài)過去分詞fooled by such a simple trick.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)主語was (were) 過去 Marie Curie took little notice of the honors語態(tài)分詞that were given to her in her later years.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)主 語 was(were)語態(tài)being 過去分詞 I had the distinct impression that I was being followed.過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)主語 wouldbe過去分 The workers sc

13、ented changes that would be語態(tài)詞made in the company.過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)主語had been 過去 The new suspension bridge had been語態(tài)分詞designed by the end of last month.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2. 那個(gè)學(xué)校教日語。Japanese is taught in that school.注意：感官動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加 "to" 。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classro

14、om.-> I was made to go out of theclassroom （ by the teacher） .We saw him play football on the playground. -> He was seen to play football on the playground.被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的特殊用法：1.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.2.

15、表示 " 據(jù)說 " 或"相信 " 的詞組，基本上由say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report,例如：It is said that 據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知It is thought that 大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that 據(jù)建議It

16、is taken granted that 被視為當(dāng)然It has been decided that 大家決定It must be remember that 務(wù)必記住的是3. 不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1） 不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語， 如 appear, die disappear, end（vi. 結(jié)束） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等沒有無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：After t

17、he fire, very little remained of my house.比較： rise, fall, happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat 是及物動(dòng)詞。（錯(cuò)）The price has been risen.（對(duì)）The price has risen.（錯(cuò)）（錯(cuò)）The accident was happened last week.（對(duì)）The accident happened lastThe price has raised.（對(duì)）The price has been raised.week.本題考最后一種用法，選練習(xí)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載（錯(cuò)）P

18、lease seat.（對(duì)）Please be seated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。2）不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，如 fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。例

19、如：This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3） 系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)， 如 appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 等。例如： It sounds good.4） 帶同源賓語的及物動(dòng)詞如die/death, dream/dream， live/life 等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：She dream

20、ed a bad dream last night.5） 當(dāng)賓語是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：（對(duì)）She likes to swim.（錯(cuò)）To swim is liked by her.4.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1） wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The book sells well.這本書銷路好。This knife cuts easily.這刀子很好用。2） blame, let（出租） , remain, keep, rent, build 等

21、。例如： I was to blame for the accident.事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。Much work remains.還有許多活要干。3） 在 need, require, want, worth（形容詞） , deserve 后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。例如：The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。This book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。4）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood （使別人能聽見/ 理解自己）等。例如：Explain it

22、 clearly and make yourself understood.解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。5. 被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義，如be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from ） , beprepared （ for） , be occupied （ in） , get married 等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university.他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用例如： He married a rich girl.marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 均可

23、。他與一個(gè)富妞結(jié)婚了。He got married to a rich girl.6. need/want/require/worth當(dāng) need, want, require, be worth 后面接 doing 時(shí)，表示的是被動(dòng)意義。例如： Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。The floor requires washing.地板需要沖洗。典型例題The library needs_, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaningB. be cleanedC. cleanD. being clean

24、ed答案 A. need （實(shí)意） +n /to do ，need （情態(tài)） + do，當(dāng)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， 還可 need + doing.A 。如有 to be cleaned 則也為正確答案。1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano. A. is playing B. plays C. was playingD. played學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2.She _ the door before she goes away.A. had lockedB. is lockingC. has locked.D. was locking.3.A hunter is a

25、man who _ animals.A. catchB. catchesC. will catchD. was catching4.What _ if I drink this?A. happensB. is happeningC. will happenD. is happened5.I will visit you if Father _ me.A. letB. letsC. is lettingD. will let6.Look out! That tree _ fall down.A. is going toB. will beC. shallD. would7.My uncle _

26、to see me. He'll be here soon.A. comesB. is comingC. had comeD. came8.They can't leave until they _ their work.A. didB. are doingC. have doneD. has done9."Has he seen this film?" " Yes. He _ it several days ago. "A. sawB. has seenC. had seenD. was seeing10. Now Mike isn&#

27、39;t here. He _ Mr Green's. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is comingB. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will beD. is going to; has come11. That day he ._ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washedB. washedC. had been washingD. was washed12. I haven't finished my

28、composition.I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written itB. have been writing itC. wrote itD. am writting it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai,A. go toB. will go toC. have been toD. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didn't sayB. couldn'

29、;t speak toC. saidD. didn't tell15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A. was builtB. builtC. was set upD. had been built16. " When _ school begin?"" Next Monday. "A. hasB. doesC. didD. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money.A. leaveB. not l

30、eaveC. comeD. return18. I _ here since I moved here.A. will workB. workedC. workD. have been working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. wentB. will goC. goD. have gone20. It was said that his father _.A. has diedB. died.C. has been deadD. had died21. We won't go unless you

31、 _ soon.A. had comeB. cameC. will comeD. come22._six years since I began studying English.A. They have beenB. it isC. It wasD. There are學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載23. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into24. "How long haven't we seen each other?

32、 ""Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last."A. is/have metB. was/had metC. is/metD. has been/had met25. "Have you seen the art exhibition?" "No, _ there. "A. it was not being heldB. they didn't holdC. it had not heldD. they were holding it26. Don't get

33、off the bus until it _.A. stopB. will stopC. stoppedD. has stopped27. "Where _ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere." "I _ it right here. But now it's gone. "A. did you put/have putB. have you put/putC. had you put/was puttingD. were you putting/have put28. They asked me

34、 to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyedB. was enjoying C. enjoyedD. had been enjoying29.Don't come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow.A. comeB. cameC. will comeD. coming30._ you _?A. Do/marry B. Have/married C. Have/been married D. Are/ma

35、rried31.When he _ all the newspapers, he'll go home.A. sellsB. has soldC. will have soldD. will be sold32."This cloth _well and _ long. ""Ok. I'll take it. "A. washes/lastsB. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33."Hurry up, you _ on the phone. &

36、quot; "Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. "A. are wantedB. are being wanted C. wantD. are wanting34.I _ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wantedD. was wanted35.I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have livedB. was livingC. will be l

37、ivingD. shall have lived36.By this time next year he _ from the college.A. will be graduatingB. should be graduatingC. will have graduatedD. is graduating37.Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turnsB. turnC. has turnedD. had turned38.My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt

38、 himself.A. fell/was ridingB. fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was riding39.Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to be B. was about to beC. could be D. was to be40.It is high time you _ in bed now.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived at B. was arrived inC