八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法較重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)概括

1、八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法較重要學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)概括（一）一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)；通常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如tomorrow,the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等；be going to do（動(dòng)詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示準(zhǔn)備、預(yù)備做的事情或者確定要發(fā)生的事情；如：it is going to rain.will do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來(lái)的用法：1. 表示預(yù)見do you think it will rain.you will feel better after a good

2、 rest.2. 表示意圖i will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. what will she do tomorrow.基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：（ 1） will+ 主語(yǔ) +do. will sarah come to visit me next sunday.（ 2） there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句：will there + be.will there be fewer trees. yes, there will. / no, there wont 否定句構(gòu)成： will + not（ wont）+dosarah

3、 won t come to visit me next sunday.特別疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：特別疑問(wèn)詞 will 主語(yǔ)？what will sarah do next sunday.（二） should的用法：should 用來(lái)提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should 后邊加 not.例如： i think you should eat less junk food.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)當(dāng)少吃垃圾食品；she drives a lot and she seldom walks. so i think she should walk a lot.她常常開車，很少走路；所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)當(dāng)多走路；s

4、tudents shouldn t spend too much time playing cuotemrpgames.同學(xué)們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩運(yùn)算機(jī)嬉戲；學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式：（ 1） i think you should（ 2）well, you could（ 3） maybe you should（ 4）why dont you.（ 5）what about doing sth.（ 6）youd better do sth.（三）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)始終進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；1. 構(gòu)成was /were + doing ，例如：i was

5、 watching tv at 9 o clock last n.ightat 9 o clock last nig是h時(shí)t間點(diǎn)they were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon 是時(shí)間段2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞at 8 o clock last night, this time yesterd等ay；例如： i was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯；at that time she was writing a book.那陣子她在寫一本書；（表示她在那段

6、時(shí)間里始終在做那件事情；）（四）間接引語(yǔ)形成步驟：（ 1）不要逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào)（ 2）要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語(yǔ)是一樣的）（ 3）要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化（ 4）要考慮時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)示代詞的變化；1. 直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)2. 直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語(yǔ)1. am / is2. are3. have / has4. will5. can6. may（五） if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)： if 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)將來(lái)時(shí)含義：假如，將要例如： if you ask h

7、im, he will help you.假如你懇求他，他會(huì)幫忙你；if need be, we ll work all night.假如需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵；二.完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路間接引語(yǔ)1. was2. were3. had4. would5. could6. might（一）題型分類與特點(diǎn)完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉如干個(gè)詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體動(dòng)身，在正確懂得短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語(yǔ)填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整；這種題型測(cè)試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短

8、語(yǔ)的填空，但它必需留意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必需符合語(yǔ)義適用和語(yǔ)法正確兩條原就，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤；中考中完形填空試題的基此題型分兩類：完形填空挑選題和完形填空題；1. 完形填空挑選題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中如干詞語(yǔ)抽掉留下空格，對(duì)每一空格供應(yīng)如干個(gè)挑選項(xiàng)，要求考生通讀短文后，在懂得短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語(yǔ)法等語(yǔ)言學(xué)問(wèn)，從所供應(yīng)的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)正確答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確；中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主；它所給的短文一般與中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材難易程度相當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在 150 200 個(gè)單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置 10 個(gè)左右空格，所

9、設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語(yǔ)法及對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的懂得；短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期供應(yīng)一個(gè)語(yǔ)境，對(duì)每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定挑選帶來(lái)肯定的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生精確運(yùn)用詞匯的才能及對(duì)短文的整體懂得和規(guī)律推理才能；2. 選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂次序，不按原文次序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時(shí)仍增加幾個(gè)文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)；（ a ）jack wanted to ask for two days off,1he had only learnt the phrase （短語(yǔ)） “ have a day off ”. he2,

10、then he had an idea. “ grandmother is ill. may i have a day off,3. ”he asked the teacher. “of course, you can.”replied （答復(fù)） the teacher at once. after a while, the boy came to4at the teachers do“or.may i have a day off5. ” theteacher was very surprised, “didn t you 6 it just now. ”“ yes, sir. but i

11、can t be7here, either. ” the teacher understood him and could not help 8 . then he said with a smile, “why didn t you say may i have two days off. ” the boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “but you only 10 us have a day off. ”（） 1. a. butb. andc. ord. for（） 2. a. thought hardlyb. thought hard and h

12、ardc. hard thoughtd. thought and thought（） 3. a. missb. sirc. teacherd. mr（） 4. a. strikeb. bestc. hitd. knock（） 5. a. alsob. againc. tood. once（） 6. a. speakb. tellc. sayd. do（） 7. a. tomorrowb. the day after tomorrowc. yesterdayd. the day before yesterday（） 8. a. laughb. to laughc. laughedd. laugh

13、ing（） 9. a. withb. onc. ind. by（） 10. a. teachb. taughtc. are teachingd. were teaching（ b）請(qǐng)依據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的 15 個(gè)單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?10 個(gè)填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要依據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化；than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, whata generation gap （代溝） has become a serious problem. i r

14、ead a （ 1）about it in the newspaper. some children have killed （ 2）after quarrels （爭(zhēng)執(zhí)） with parents. i think this is（ 3）they don t have a good talk with each other. parents now spend （4）time in the office. （5）they don t have much time to stay with their children. as time passes, they both feel （ 6）t

15、hey don t have the same topi（cs話題） to talk about. i want to （ 7）parentsto be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. and for children, show your feeling （ 8） yourparents. they are the people who （ 9） you. so tell them your thoughts（想法） . in this way, you can have a better （ 10

16、） of each other.完形填空挑選題的一般解題思路是：1. 跳過(guò)空格、通讀全文、把握大意；先跳過(guò)空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意；要在閱讀懂得短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開頭判定挑選，切忌倉(cāng)促下筆；2. 結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案；在懂得全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容， 留意從上、下文的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語(yǔ)搭配及從挑選項(xiàng)中查找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再?gòu)姆治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)入手，依據(jù)短文意思、語(yǔ)法規(guī)章、詞語(yǔ)固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對(duì)備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和挑選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案；3. 瞻前顧后、先

17、易后難、各個(gè)擊破；動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難；對(duì)比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過(guò)這一空格，連續(xù)往下做，最終回過(guò)頭來(lái)再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)；這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對(duì)短文懂得的深化，可以降低試題的難度，提高挑選的正確率；4. 復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、補(bǔ)償疏漏；完成各道題挑選后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空仔細(xì)復(fù)查；看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法；如發(fā)覺錯(cuò)誤答案或有疑問(wèn)的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正；完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：1. 跳過(guò)空格、通讀短文、明白大意；解

18、題時(shí)先跳過(guò)空格，通讀完形填空的短文，明白全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨；要重視首句，善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，估計(jì)全文主題及大意；2. 復(fù)讀短文、確定語(yǔ)義、判定詞形；把握短文大意后再仔細(xì)復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過(guò)的學(xué)問(wèn)，先確定空格處所需詞語(yǔ)的意義，再依據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判定其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法規(guī)章，判定所填的詞的正確形式；3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案；在短文的每一空白處填上一個(gè)詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫摸索；把所填的答案放入短文中進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否和諧一樣、順理成章，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無(wú)誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)

19、證，凡有疑問(wèn)必需重新推敲考慮；一. 挑選填空；（答題時(shí)間： 80 分鐘）（） 1. beijing won the chances the 2021 olympics.a. to hostb. hostc. hostingd. hosted（） 2. tiger woods can make billions dollars a year.a. forb. withc. ofd. on（） 3. you looked so beautiful at the party. .a. no, i don t think sob. of coursec. thank you very muchd. n

20、o, i m not beautiful（） 4. the text is very easy for you. there are new words in it.a. a fewb. a littlec. fewd. little（） 5. in the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper“who moved my cheese ” was an interesting book.a. thatb. whatc. howd. if（） 6. in our english study reading is more interesting than

21、 speaking, i think. i don t agree. speaking is reading.a. as important asb. so important asc. the more importantd. the most important（） 7. if he harder, hell catch up with us.a. workb. worksc. workedd. will work（） 8. the manager that the business would be worse after the stock（股票） went down.a. talke

22、db. toldc. saidd. spoke（） 9. we should keep in the reading-room.a. quietb. quietlyc. quited. quickly（） 10. i think everything goes on well. .a. so i dob. i do soc. so do id. so is i（） 11. if you want to watch tv, you may turn .a. downb. it onc. on itd. it off（） 12. im sorry i havent got any money. i

23、ve my handbag at home.a. missedb. leftc. putd. forgotten（） 13. he is listening to the music she is washing clothes.a. afterb. beforec. thatd. while（） 14. it takes time to go to beijing by plane than by train.a. moreb. fewerc. longerd. less（） 15. excuse me. have you got an eraser. sorry, i havent. wh

24、y yaosuk mary. perhaps shes got one.a. dob. dontc. didd. didnt二. 挑選恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z(yǔ)； 1. what were you doing when the ufo landed.a. your teacher won t let you in. 2. will people use paperb. he said i couldn t stay out late. money in the future. 3. i can t sleep, what should i do.c. i was doing my homework. 4. i

25、f i wear jeans to school,d. no, they won t. everyone what will happen.will have a credit card. 5. what did your father say.e. you should listen to some relaxing music.三. 依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空：1. 不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點(diǎn)建議嗎？i don t know to do, can you give me some .2. 外星人正在買紀(jì)念品的時(shí)候，我給警察打了個(gè)電話；while the alien was a souvenir, i

26、 the police.3. 我放學(xué)回家的路上，觀察一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來(lái)；on my way home from school, i saw a cat get a window.4. 我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情；i don t want to talk it with you the phone.5. 我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個(gè)驚喜的晚會(huì)；we are going to have a party for john friday evening.四. 完形填空：把下面五個(gè)句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整；three men went up in a balloon（氣球）. th

27、ey started early in london. the headman was ted, and the other two men were davy and emilio.1soon they heard the sea. they were carrying the usual rope （繩子） , and it was hanging down fromthe basket of the balloon. at the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. this could hold water, or it could b

28、e empty. so2. it was for use over the sea. they were also carrying some bags of sand.after the sun rose, the balloon went higher. it went up to 3,000 metres, and3. the water in the balloon became ice. snow fell past the men s basket, and they could see more snow on the grou4nd. , but it was hard. th

29、ey tried to break theicy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. the work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. one of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.at last they pulled the box into the basket. it was still snowing; so5. t

30、hey rose to 5,100 metres. everything becameicy. they were so cold that they decided to land. they came down in poland heavily but safely. they had travelled 1,797 kilometres from london.a. the men tried to throw out some more sandb. they were able to change its weight（重量）c. they had a big balloon an

31、d they were ready for a long way.d. they climbed to get away from the snowe. the air there was very cold五. 閱讀懂得（ a ）einstein was waiting for his friendonce einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. he was thinking a oblem. while he was waiting, it began to rain. the rain kept on for s

32、ome time. when einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, thepaper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. his clothes had become wet. but after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.many scientists are not careful with t

33、heir lives. this is because they are too careful with their studies.1. what did einstein do. he was .a. a doctorb. a teacherc. a scientist2. why was einstein on a bridge.a. because he was writing something on the bridge.b. because he was waiting for a friend.c. because he was thinking.3. it rained .

34、a. sometimesb. for some timec. for a long time4. einstein and began to write something on it.a. bought a piece of paper.b. took a piece of paper from his car.c. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.5. which is true.a. einstein was careful with his work.b. einstein was careful with his clothes.c

35、. einstein was careful with his friends.（ b）生活中總會(huì)有很多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是特別重要的；請(qǐng)閱讀下面材料， 依據(jù) 1 5 小題所描述的搶救方法，從 a-g 七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫（此題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多項(xiàng)不給分；）1. if the person has stopped breathing, you must tryto start his / her breathing at once. the best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. lay the person on

36、 his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.2. if the person is bleeding （流血） badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. press on the bleeding point with a piece of cleancloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.3. if you are bitten （ cut by teeth ）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. then see a doctor as soon as possible.4. if you are burnt （ hurt by fire or