常用化學名詞-化學專業(yè)英語

1、Appendix Table 1. Names of Chemical ElementsAtomic NumberSymbolElement (English)Element (Chinese)1HHydrogen氫2HeHelium氦3LiLithium鋰4BeBeryllium鈹5BBoron硼6CCarbon碳7NNitrogen氮8OOxygen氧9FFluorine氟10NeNeon氖11NaSodium鈉12MgMagnesium鎂13AlAlumin(i)um鋁14SiSilicon硅15PPhosphorous磷16SSulfur硫17ClChlorine氯18ArArgon氬

2、19KPotassium鉀20CaCalcium鈣21ScScandium鈧22TiTitanium鈦23VVanadium釩24CrChromium鉻25MnManganese錳26FeIron鐵27CoCobalt鈷28NiNickel鎳29CuCopper銅30ZnZinc鋅31GaGallium鎵32GeGermanium鍺33AsArsenic砷34SeSelenium硒35BrBromine溴36KrKrypton氪37RbRubidium銣38SrStrontium鍶39YYttrium釔40ZrZirconium鋯41NbNiobium鈮42MoMolybdenum鉬(cont

3、inued)43TcTechetium锝44RuRuthenium釕45RhRhodium銠46PdPalladium鈀47AgSilver銀48CdCadmium鎘49InIndium銦50SnTin錫51SbAntimony銻52TeTellurium碲53IIodine碘54XeXenon氙55CsCesium銫56BaBarium鋇57LaLathanum鑭58CeCerium鈰59PrPraseodymium鐠60NdNeodymium釹61PmPromethium钷62SmSamarium釤63EuEuropium銪64GdGadolinium釓65TbTerbium鋱66DyDy

4、sprosium鏑67HoHolmium鈥68ErErbium鉺69TmThulium銩70YbYtterbium鐿71LuLutetium镥72HfHafnium鉿73TaTantalum鉭74WTungsten鎢75ReRhenium錸76OsOsmium鋨77IrIridium銥78PtPlatinum鉑79AuGold金80HgMercury汞81TlThallium鉈82PbLead鉛83BiBismuth鉍84PoPolonium釙85AtAstatine砹86RnRadon氡87FrFrancium鈁88RaRadium鐳(continued)89AcActinium錒90ThT

5、horium釷91PaProtactinium鏷92UUranium鈾93NpNeptunium镎94PuPlutonium钚95AmAmericium镅96CmCurium鋦97BkBerkelium锫98CfCalifornium锎99EsEinsteinium锿100FmFermium鐨101MdMendelevium鍆102NoNobelium锘103LwLawrencium鐒104RfRutherfordium钅盧105DbDubnium钅杜106SgSeaborgium钅喜107BhBohrium钅波108HsHassium钅黑109MtMeitnerium钅麥110DsDarms

6、tadtium钅達111RgRoentgenium钅侖112UubUnunbium113UutUnuntrium114UuqUnunquadium115UupUnunpentium116UuhUnunhexiumTable 2. SI Base UnitsBase QuantityName of UnitSymbollengthmetermmasskilogramkgtimesecondselectrical currentampereAtemperaturekelvinKamount of substancemolemolluminous intensitycandelacdTable 3.

7、 Derived SI UnitsPhysical QuantityName of UnitSymbolDefinitionAreasquare meterm2Volumecubic meterm3Densitykilogram per cubic meterkg/m3ForceNewtonNkg×m/s2PressurepascalPaN/m2EnergyjouleJkg×m2/s2Electric chargecoulombCA×sElectric potential differencevoltVJ/(A×s)Table 4. Prefixes U

8、sed with SI UnitsPrefixSymbolMeaningExampleyotta-Y10241 yottameter (Ym) = 1 ´ 1024 mzetta-Z10211 zettameter (Zm) = 1 ´ 1021 mexa-E10181 exameter (Em) = 1 ´ 1018 mprta-P10151 prtameter (Pm) = 1 ´ 1015 mtetra-T10121 tetrameter (Tm) = 1 ´ 1012 mgiga-G1091 gigameter (Gm) = 1

9、80; 109 mmega-M1061 megameter (Mm) = 1 ´ 106 mkilo-k1031 kilometer (km) = 1 ´ 103 mdeci-d10-11 decimeter (dm) = 1 ´ 10-1 mcenti-c10-21 centimeter (cm) = 1 ´ 10-2 mmilli-m10-31 millimeter (mm) = 1 ´ 10-3 mmicro-m10-61 micrometer (mm) = 1 ´ 10-6 mnano-n10-91 nanometer (nm

10、) = 1 ´ 10-9 mpico-p10-121 picometer (pm) = 1 ´ 10-12 mfemtof10-151 femtometer (fm) = 1 ´ 10-15 mattoa10-181 attometer (am) = 1 ´ 10-18 mzeptoz10-211 zeptometer (zm) = 1 ´ 10-21 myoctoy10-241 yoctometer (ym) = 1 ´ 10-24 mTable 5. Common Functional Groups and Derivative

11、of AlkanesFunctional GroupGeneral FormulaClass of CompoundExamplesF, Cl, Br, IRF, RCl, RBr, RIhaloalkaneCH3CH2Cl, chloroethaneOHROHalcoholCH3CH2OH, ethanolOR¢ROR¢ether(CH3CH2)2O, diethyl etherNH2+RNH2(primary) amineCH3CH2NH2, ethylamine-CHORCHOaldehydeCH3CHO, ethanal (acetaldehyde)CORCOR&#

12、162;ketoneCH3COCH2, propanone (acetone)CO2HRCO2Hcarboxylic acidCH3CO2H, ethanoic acid (acetic acid)CO2RRCO2ResterCH3CO2CH3, methyl acetateCONH2RCONH2amideCH3CONH2, acetamideTable 6. Names of Common SubstituentsFormulaNameFormulaName-CH3methyl-NH2amino-C2H5ethyl-Ddeuterio-CH2CH2CH31-propyl (n-propyl)

13、-Clchloro-CH(CH3)22-propyl (isopropyl or sec-propyl)-Brbromo-C(CH3)3tertiary-butyl (tert-butyl)-Ffluoro-CH=CH2ethenyl (vinyl)-CNcyano-C6H5phenyl-NO2nitro-OH hydroxylTable 7. Some Common AcidsAcidAcid NameAcidAcid nameHClO4Perchloric acidHCO2HFormic acidHClOHypochlorous acidCH3CO2HAcetic acidHClHydro

14、chloric acidCH3CH2COOH Propanoic acidHFHydrofluoric acidC6H5CO2HBenzoic acidH2SO4Sulfuric acidHO2CCO2HOxalic acidH2SO3Sulfurous acidCH3CH(OH)CO2HLactic acidHNO3Nitric acid(HO)C(CO2H)(CH2CO2H)2Citric acidH3PO4Phosphoric acidHNO2Nitrous acidHCNHydrocyanic acidTable 8. Selected Hydrocarbons of the Alka

15、ne FamilyMolecular FormulaNameCH4methaneC2H6ethaneC3H8propaneC4H10butaneC5H12 (pent- = 5)pentaneC6H14 (hex- = 6)hexaneC7H16 (hept- = 7)heptaneC8H18 (oct- = 8)octaneC9H20 (non- = 9)nonaneC10H22 (dec- = 10)decaneC11H24undecaneC12H26dodecaneC13H28 (tri- = 3)tridecaneC14H30 (tetra- = 4)tetradecaneC15H32

16、pentadecaneC16H34hexadecneC17H36heptadecaneC18H38 (octadec- = 18)octadecaneC19H40nonadecaneC20H42 (eicos- = 20)eicosaneC21H44 heneicosaneC22H46docosaneC23H48tricosaneC24H50tetracosaneC25H52 pentacosaneC26H54hexacosaneC27H56heptacosaneC28H58octacosaneC29H60 nonacosaneC30H62triacontaneC31H64 hentriaco

17、ntaneC32H66dotriacontaneC33H68tritriacontaneC34H70tetratriacontaneC35H72 pentatriacontaneC36H74hexatriacontaneC37H76heptatriacontaneC38H78octatriacontaneC39H80nonatriacontaneC40H82tetracontaneC41H84 hentetracontaneC42H86dotetracontaneC43H88tritetracontaneC44H90tetratetracontaneC45H92 pentatetraconta

18、ne(continued)C46H94hexatetracontaneC47H96heptatetracontaneC48H98octatetracontaneC49H100 nonatetracontaneC50H102pentacontaneC51H104 henpentacontaneC52H106dopentacontaneC53H108tripentacontaneC54H110tetrapentacontaneC55H112 pentapentacontaneC56H114hexapentacontaneC57H116heptapentacontaneC58H118octapent

19、acontaneC59H120nonapentacontaneC60H122hexacontaneTable 9. Commonly Used Prefixes and Suffixes in Chemistry1詞頭附加意義例詞anti-反，抗，對，阻，減anticatalystanticancerantibiotics反催化劑抗癌劑抗菌素，抗生素aqu-水a(chǎn)quaticaqueous水的水性的bi-兩個，雙，聯(lián)biphenyl聯(lián)苯bromo-溴代bromoethane溴乙烷com-共，聯(lián)合composition組成chloro-氯代chloroacetic acid氯乙酸cis-順cis-

20、form順式de-去除，脫decompositiondebrominatedeaquation分解脫溴脫水di-二，重dichloridedioxidedibasic aciddichromic acid二氯化物二氧化物二元酸重鉻酸(continued)dis-分開，除去disappearappeardissociation消失出現(xiàn)離解（作用）fluoro-氟代fluoro-acid氟代酸hemi-半hemicolloid半膠體hepta-七，庚hepta-tomic七原子的，七元的hexa-六hexavalence六價的hydro-水hydrometerhydroushydrolysis液體

21、比重計含水的水解作用hypo-次，低hypochlorous acidhypochloritehypotension次氯酸次氯酸鹽低血壓im-不，無impermeable不可滲透的in-inactiveinorganic不活潑的無機的inter-相互，在之間interchange變換ir-不，無irreversible不可逆的iso-異，同，等isobutaneisoelectronicisotopeisopoly-acid異丁烷等電子的同位素同多酸meta-偏metaphosphoric acidmetaboric acid偏磷酸偏硼酸mono-一monohydrate一水合物multi-多

22、multi-componentmultilayer多組分的多層，多分子層non-非，不，無，防non-metalnonflammablenoncorrodible非金屬不燃的防腐蝕的octa-八，辛octahedron八面體(continued)ortho-原，正(ortho)silicic acid原硅酸penta-五，戊dinitrogen pentaoxide五氧化二氮per-過，高peroxideperchloric acid過氧化物高氯酸peroxy-過氧peroxydisulfuric acid過（氧）二硫酸photo-光，感光的photochemistryphotic光化學感光的poly-聚，多polyethylenepolysulfide聚乙烯多硫化物pre-預，前preheatprecondi