初三總復習現(xiàn)在完成時教案

1、現(xiàn)在完成時教案現(xiàn)在完成時的構成現(xiàn)在完成時由“助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞”構成；動詞過去分詞的變化形式和 過去式的類似，分為規(guī)章和不規(guī)章，規(guī)章的在動詞原形后面+en，不規(guī)章的見過去分詞表；(1) 確定句：have / has done(2) 否定句： .have/has not done(3) 一般疑問句：have/ has . done . yes, . have/has. no, .have/has not.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法（1）表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結果（動作已經(jīng)完成，但是影響仍在）；常與 just , already , yet, ever, neve

2、r, before 等副詞連用， 有時也不跟任何時間狀語連用；（短暫性動詞適用于這種情形）例句：i have already had breakfast.b. she has just left.c. tom has become a league member.（ 2）表示開頭于過去并連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用；常見與for 引導的短語， since 引導的從句或短語， 包括recently, in the last two years, these days, this month, so far, up to now

3、，ever since, all one s life 等在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用；（連續(xù)性動詞適用于這種情形）*留意： 1）表示連續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞多是連續(xù)性動詞；2） 由于現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作的連續(xù)性，因而那些不能表示動作連續(xù)的動詞（即非連續(xù)性動詞、短暫性動詞） 應當慎用， 特殊是不能把這些動詞的確定式同for或 since引導的時間狀語連用，使用時需要進行轉化；例句：a.i have taught english in this school for twenty years. b.we have known each other since we came to this city.c.i h

4、aven t heard from hsoimfar.例題：although this village isn't big, all the other villages i so far are smaller.（ 2021 ·成都）a. visitedb.have visitedc.would visit3 表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種體會或經(jīng)受，一般譯為漢語“過” ， 可以和表示次數(shù)： 一次 once; 二次 : twice, 三次：three times , ever, never 等副詞連用； 例句： a. i have been to beiji

5、ng twice. 我去過北京兩次；b. she has watched this film three times.她看過三次這部電影；練習1. 我已經(jīng)在深圳住了十年；2. 我的叔叔自從1960 年以來都在查找他的女兒；3. 我踢足球已經(jīng)有兩年了；4. 我自從 1996 年就熟悉瑪麗5. he has lived in nanjing the year before last.6. i ve known him we were children.7. our teacher has studied japanese three years.8. she has been away from

6、the city about ten years.9. it s about ten years she left the city.3.與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的典型性詞語：1) since，表示“自從以來”，無論是做介詞、連詞仍是副詞，通常都要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用例句：i've had nothing to eat since lunch time. 介詞 we've lost a lot of customs since our prices went up. 連詞 i met him last autumn and haven't seen him ever since.

7、副詞 2）從現(xiàn)在算起的過去的一段時間，如：in the past/ last five years,例句：we've planted thousands of trees in the past three years.3) over the years 這些年來，經(jīng)過這么多年后，最近幾年例句：she has brought us so much happiness over the years.4) so far, up to now表示“到目前為止”so far 500 people have died in the earthquake. up to now, the work

8、has been quite smooth.5) it's the first/ second.time that.這是第幾次做某事，其中that 引導的從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時；it's the first time that he has seen an elephant.6) already 表示已經(jīng)，它可以位于助動詞之后過去分詞之前，或者句末；i've already read this book.i've washed my clothes already.7) yet 用在疑問句和否定句中，在疑問句中譯為“已經(jīng)”，在否定句中譯為“仍”has he foun

9、d his pen yet. no,not yet.just 表示剛剛，行為剛剛過去或完成，常放在助動詞與過去分詞之間；tom has just come from school.9ever 意為曾經(jīng)，用在疑問句和否定句中，位于助動詞和過去分詞之間；have you ever been to the u.s.a ？ i haven't seen lina ever since she left.never 意為從來沒有，常與before 連用，多放在助動詞和過去分詞之間；i have never traveled by plane before.11before 意為從前，指過去不確定

10、的某個時間，總是位于句末；i have seen the film before.i haven't eaten sichuan food before.練習：用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空1. i have seen him before, so i have no idea about him.2. jack has finished his homework an hour ago.3. mr. wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “ have you seen the fi

11、lm.”“ no, i have seen it.”5. “ has the bus left .”“ yes, it has left.”4. have/has been to 和 have/has gone to 的區(qū)分 have/has been to 表示“某人曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示此人有去過某地的經(jīng)受，但是此人現(xiàn)在在說話的地方，它常與just, ever, never, once,twice, several 等連用；例句： have you ever been to the great wall. yes, i've ever been there once.have/has

12、 gone to 表示 " 某人到某地去了"，可能在去得路上或已到某地，反正不在說話的地方；，一般不與時間狀語連用，不用第一二人稱代詞作句子的主語；例句： my i speak to han mei . sorry, she has gone to the library.練習i. 用 havehas been 或 havehas gone 填空；a: where li fei . b: he to hainan island.a: how long he there. b: he there for three days.a: when will he come back

13、 , do you know.b: i m afraid he won t come back recently. a: could you tell me the way to hainan island.b: sorry, i never there.a: how many times li fei to that place. b: he there only once.5.短暫性動詞的完成時態(tài)不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，當它需要與表示一段時間的時間狀態(tài)（通常為for 和 since 引導的表示一段時間的狀語）連用時，通常需要轉化；非延 續(xù)性動詞轉化為連續(xù)性動詞通常有兩種途徑：找意

14、思相近的連續(xù)性動詞代替，如：borrow - keep,buy-have ；把非連續(xù)性動詞改為“be+表語（一般是有關的形容詞、副詞或者介詞）”，如： begin-be on,leave-be away.例句：他母親去世五年了； 誤his mother has died for five years. 正his mother has been dead for five years.his mother died five years ago.解析：這是由于die 是非連續(xù)性動詞，表示短暫的動作，人死的過程絕不行能連續(xù)五年之久；1 ）常見的短暫性動詞有：arrive,come,leave,go

15、,become,join,die,buy,borrow 等 ；2）假如要在現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中表達上述動詞的意思，而這個句子又恰好與since 或 for等引導的時間狀語連用，就必需由一些表示狀態(tài)的形容詞、副詞來表示；比如：arrivecomego - be inat,leave-be away,become-be,join - be in/be a member of,die be dead,buy - haveown, borrow - keep,begin/start-be on,open be open, close-be closed,finish/end - be over,get

16、to know - know,buy havebegin be oncatch a cold have acoldgo to sleep/ fall asleep-be asleepfall ill be ill leave be awaymarry be married3）短暫性動詞的完成時態(tài)在否定句中可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用；如： a.he hasn t come here for a months.b.i haven t heard from him for a long time.練習1) the film began two minutes ago.the film for .2

17、) i bought a pen two hours ago.i a pen for .3) he left fuzhou just now.he fuzhou for five minutes. 4he came back two years ago.he for . 5） he arrived beijing five minutes ago.he beijing for .arriveat/in sw.get to/reach e/go/moveto sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1 h

18、e got to beijing five minutes ago.he beijingfor .2i moved to the usalast year.i the usasince .3i went homeyesterday.i home for .4theycame here last week.theyhere since . come/go back, returnbe backcome/gooutbe out1hecame outtwoyears ago.he for .2we returntofuzhou yesterday.we to fuzhou since . becom

19、e be1i became a teacher in 2000.i a teacher for .2 the river became dirty last year.the river dirty for . close be closed ，open be open1 the shop closed two hours ago.the shop for .2 the door opened at six in the morning.thedoorforsixhours. get up beup，diebedeadleave sw.beawayfromsw.fallasleep/getto

20、sleepbe asleepfinish/end be overmarry be married1i got up twohoursago.i since .2 he left fuzhou just now.he fuzhou forfiveminutes.3mygrandpa died in2002.my grandpa for .4 the meeting finishedat six.the meetingfor six hours.5 i got to sleep two hours ago.isince .6 they married in 1990.they since . st

21、art/begintodosth.dosth.begin be on1 i began to teach at this school in 1995.iat thisschoolsince .2thefilmbegantwominutesago.thefilm for . borrow keep ， lose not have ， buy have ， put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold ， get to know know1theyborroweditlast week.they .2i boughta pen two hours ago.i i

22、tsince a pen for .3i got to knowhim last year.ihim since .4 i put on my glasses three years ago.imy glasses for . have/has gone to have been in1he has gone to beijing.he beijing for two days. join the league/theparty/the army be a league/a party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the party b

23、e in the league/the party/the army1 he joined the league in 2002.hea for two years.he a the for twoyears.hethe league fortwoyears.2 mybrotherjoinedthe army twoyears ago.mybrothera for .mybrother in for two years.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情形，所以它不能直接和表示過去某一時間的時間狀語連用，如：yeste

24、rday,last night, three weeks ago, in 2021 等；一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，強調(diào)的是過去的情形，它可以和表示過去某一時間的時間狀語連用；總之抓住兩個方面：1.是否強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情形，即發(fā)生過的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果；2.具有連續(xù)性的動詞是否連續(xù)了一段時間；如： i have seen the film. （影片內(nèi)容已明白）i saw the film last night （這部電影是昨晚看了） 用適當?shù)臅r態(tài)填空：1.she s live here ever since she was ten. 2.both of them

25、be in hongkong for ten days.3. both of them come to hongkong ten days ago.4. half an hour pass since the train leave.5. mary lose her pen. you see it here and there.6. you find your watch yet.7. -are you thirsty. -no i just have some orange.8. we already return the book.9. they build a new school in

26、 the village.10. i not finish my homework . can you help me.11. my father read the novel twice.12. i buy a book just now.13. i lost my watch yesterday14. my father read this book since yesterday.鞏固練習have you to the station to meet her. yes, i to meet her,but i didn't find her.gone;hadb.been;did

27、goc.gone; did god. been; managed my parents changchun for ten years.have been inb.have been toc.have gone tod. have beenwhere is lily now. she to shanghai. she will be back in two days. has beenb.goesc.has goned.had gonehe promised us that he early but he yet. will be,haven't arrivingb.should be,isn't arrivingc. is, hasn't arrivingd.would be,hasn't arrivedi have worked in this school twenty years. what a long time.sinceb.afterc.ford.whenkitty, will you go to see the film gold mountain this eveni