定語從句講解及練習7頁

1、定語從句定語從句引導詞的基本用法綜述指代成分是否可省略關系代詞that指認；指物主語；賓語；表語作賓語時可省略which指物；指主句全部或部分內(nèi)容主語；賓語；表語作賓語時可省略who指人主語；賓語（非正式用法）；表語作賓語時可省略whom指人賓語作賓語時可省略whose指人；指物定語不可省略as指物；指一句話內(nèi)容主語；賓語，表語，定語不可省略關系副詞when指時間時間狀語不可省略where指地點地點狀語不可省略why指原因原因狀語不可省略如何正確選擇定語從句的引導詞根據(jù)定語從句引導詞的基本用法選擇定語從句的引導詞：判斷先行詞及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容（指人、指物、地點或時間）。判斷引導詞在定語從句中的

2、成分作用。如果在從句中作主語或賓語，用關系代詞that,which, who, whom；如果在從句中作狀語（地點、時間、原因），則用關系副詞where，when，why；如果在定語從句中作定語，則用whose。在非限制性定語從句中不能用that。限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句標志主句與從句之間沒有逗號主句與從句之間用逗號隔開關系詞that,which, who, whom，where，when，why，whosewhich, who, whom，where，when，whose關系詞省略與否1.關系詞作賓語時可省可不省。2.關系副詞作主語，定語和狀語時不

3、可省，關系詞作任何成分都不可省。1.關系副詞where，when和why引導的定語從句關系副詞when引導的定語從句當定語從句所修飾的先行詞是表示時間的名詞且關系詞在定語從句中充當時間狀語時，關系詞用when，也可以用介詞+which來代替when。I will never forget the day when (on which) I went to university.關系詞在定語從句中不作狀語時，不能用when。Those were the days (that/which) I spent in the countryside.關系副詞where引導的定語從句當定語從句所修飾的先行

4、詞是表示地點的名詞且關系詞在定語從句中充當狀語時，用where引導定語從句，也可以用介詞+which來代替where。This is the factory where (in which) he works.當關系詞在從句中不作地點狀語時不能用where。They work in a factory that/which makes radio parts.關系副詞why引導的定語從句。當先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason且關系詞在從句中作狀語時，定語從句需要用關系副詞我why引導，此時的定語從句說明先行詞的內(nèi)容。也可以用for reason代替why。Do you know the rea

5、son why there are heat losses in a steam engine.當先行詞是reason，但關系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時，用關系代詞which/that.The teacher believed the reason (that/which) he gave for his being late.2.“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句介詞后的定語從句引導詞不用that，指物一般用which；指人一般用whom，常用“介詞+which/whom”結構，其中介詞的選擇是有一定規(guī)律的。根據(jù)和定語從句中謂語動詞的搭配關系選擇介詞。eg: Can you lend me

6、the magazine about which you talked yesterday?根據(jù)介詞和定語從句的先行詞的搭配關系選擇介詞。許多名詞通常要和一定的介詞搭配，當which和whom指代這些名詞時，其前就用相應的介詞。eg：It was a prison from which no one escaped.根據(jù)介詞和定語從句句末形容詞的搭配關系選擇介詞。有些形容詞常和一定的介詞搭配。如：be familiar with, be polite to, be proud of, be pleased with等。當這些短語位于句末而which或whom又是介詞的賓語時，介詞常移至whic

7、h或whom之前。eg：Mount Li, for which Lintong is famous, is a beautiful place.根據(jù)主句和定語從句的邏輯關系選用介詞。eg：Chaplin went to the United States in 1910, by which time he had learned to dance and act in comedies.”名詞/代詞+介詞of+關系代詞（which/whom）”多用于表示整體中的一部分，此結構一般用于非限制性定語從句。eg：This is the newly-built house, the windows o

8、f which (=whose windows ) face the south.練習1. Im sorry not to have replied to your letter early, _ I apologize. A. which B. for which C. to which D. Whom2. William shows some challenging means _ diners at their mystery lunch on Sunday might eat the special dish. A. after which B. in which C. by whic

9、h D. for which3. Nowadays some people tend to take pride in doing things _ they should feel ashamed . A. by which B. of which C. in which D. from which4. There are two rooms in the apartment, _ serves as a kitchen. A. the smaller of them B. the smallest of which C. the smaller of which D. smallest o

10、f which5. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. Which6. April Fools Day is a traditional festival _ people can play tricks on others. A. which B. where C.that D.when 7. I would choose to live in the place _ the sun shines all year along.

11、A. that B. when C. which D. Where8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. A.what B. which C.when D.where9. The reason _ he missed this class is clear now. A. Which B. Where C. When D. why. as引導的定語從句1. as 作為關系代詞，既可指人，也可指物。在定語從句中可做主語、賓語或表語。它常用在the same .as., such.as.,as

12、.as.等句型中，as不能省略。Eg. Such teacher as know Tom think him very bright. 注：當先行詞被such，the same 修飾時，也可用that引導定語從句，但指同一物，而不是同一類。This is the same bike that I lost two months ago.（同一輛自行車）比較：This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.（相像的自行車）2. as 引導非限制性定語從句，代替整個主句的內(nèi)容。從句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中間。As you know, she is

13、a stubborn girl, and I cant persuade her to change her mind. Mo Yan, as is known to us all, was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 2012. 拓展：as引導非限制性定語從句常用的固定表達：as we all know 眾所周知 as I can remember正如我所記得的as you see 如你所見 as we expect 正如我們預料的那樣as can be seen 正如所見 as has been said before 如前所述as

14、often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的 as is well known 眾所周知as may be imagined 正如可以想象出來的那樣as is/was expected 正如預料的那樣3. as 與which引導非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別as 可以指前邊提到過的事實或情況，其引導的從句可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中；而which指前面提到的事實或情況，其引導的從句一般放在主句之后，如：This machine, as might be expected , has stopped operating. as 含有“正如，按照，正像”之意，一般用在肯定句中；而which則多用于

15、含否定意義的句子中，如：He failed in the exam again, as was expected. 他考試又不及格，正如預料的那樣。He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected. 他考試又不及格，這是沒有預料到的。 當定語從句中所修飾的主語內(nèi)容是從句謂語動詞的賓語時，常用as 如：Jack was admitted into the university, as we had expected.在固定結構中，一般不能將as 替換為which當關系代詞代表主句引起的結果，又作“主謂賓補（SVOC)”結構中的主語時，多用whic

16、hHe saw the girl, which delighted him. 當關系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時，用which，如：We didnt go to the film, instead of which we went to the theatre.當關系代詞在從句中代表主語中的謂語時，常用which, 如：He can write a letter in English, which I can not.當關系代詞指代主句中的一個名詞時，多用which，如：I gave him an interesting book,which he started to read at once.

17、當關系代詞代替主句中的形容詞時常用which，如：He thought me impatient, which he himself was練習1. There is no simple answer _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 2. He is no such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as3. A lot of language learning, _ has been discover

18、ed, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this3. I want to see the same dictionary _ was used yesterday.（填空）定語從句練習1. Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all fog. A. which B

19、. what C. where D. when 2. Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where3. I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was struck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. w

20、here C. which D. why4. The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. when B. where C. why D. which 5. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected. A. that B. which C. who D. it6. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communi

21、cation, especially at work _ a good impression is a must. A. which B. when C. as D. where7. I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feeling for her. A. as B. why C. why D.when 8. A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A

22、. which B. whose C. who D. why9. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what10. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me. A. who B. which C. when D. where11. Many countries

23、 are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where12. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which13. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their strengths. A. whom B. who C. that D. which14. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _, he remembers starting as early