英語高考提分點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)(介詞專練)

1、高考提分點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)(介詞專練)介詞的考點(diǎn)主要有：同一介詞可表達(dá)多種意義，同一場合意義不同則介詞不同；常見 介詞的用法；介詞的固定搭配；復(fù)合介詞及雙重介詞的使用使用點(diǎn)有：一、高考導(dǎo)航表示地點(diǎn)、方位的介詞常用的有：in9 at, on, to, across, through, around, before, in front of, between, among, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, next to, over 等。1) at ,in,at表示在小地方;表示“在附近，旁邊”in (1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在范圍之內(nèi)”。he ar

2、rived at the station at ten.他十點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)車站。he arrived in shanghai yesterday.他昨天到達(dá)上海。(1) 表示吋間的介詞in的用法如下。表示在某一較長時(shí)間內(nèi)，如世紀(jì)、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞in,女山 in the 1990s, i n the year, i n january, in (the) winter / summer / fall / spri ng, in the first week of may。還可以用時(shí)段名詞組成固定短語或詞組。女0： in awhile, in no time, in the daytime,

3、 in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。fri要注意： at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night (大夜間)° in five days (weeks, months, years)中 in 意思是“在以后”。 in 和 during 表一段時(shí)間內(nèi)兩詞可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the ware但略有區(qū)別：當(dāng)接表示“活動”的抽象名詞時(shí)多用during,接“活

4、動”的動名詞及短語時(shí) 用in。如：during the discussion in discussing the problemduring her stay in hubei in playing basketballduring the course of in digging the tunnel(2) 在具體的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。on sunday(s).on tuesday morningon christmas day(q at chrismas)5on christmas eve, onchildren's dayon march 8, on the

5、morning (afternoon, evening)of oct.1early on the morning of oct. 1(區(qū)別：in the late / early morning of oct.1) on a rainy night, on warm winter days(3) 表示某一時(shí)刻或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at,如小時(shí)、分鐘等。at breakfast(supper, lunch),at sixat noon (sun rise, sun set, midday, night, midnight, dawn)at the age of 15, at the time of wa

6、r,但 in time of dan ger/ trouble。注意：有些時(shí)間名詞前不接介詞。如：next day> last sunday、that moming these yearsone> each any every、some、all 修飾時(shí)，一般不用介詞，如 some day one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before（4）tilk untik to 的用法。©till（until）與持續(xù)動詞連用一般用于肯定句中，與短暫動詞連用一般用在否定句中。女口: he waited for me till twelve

7、o'clock.he didn, tget up till（until） 10 a.m.（不可用 to）.但注意：在句首出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型屮一般不用till而用until。如:not until 9 a.m.did mr.smith come back to school. to表“終結(jié)”時(shí)常用和from連用，但耍注意不與from連用時(shí)的意 義。 如：from july to september, from six to（till）eight （從到為止）,但 from morning till night （從早到晚）,不能用 to。fromto常構(gòu)成習(xí)慣搭配，不可換用其他介詞。（a）表

8、持久連續(xù)、傳遞、轉(zhuǎn)移的含義。from day to day （天天），from place to place （處處,到處），from door to door （家家八丿"），from shop to shop （一個(gè)商店接一個(gè)商店）。from time to time（不時(shí),有時(shí)）, from hand to hand（不斷傳下去）， from side to side（左右搖擺）， from house to house （挨家挨戶）,（b）表起始終止的全過程或程度加深、狀態(tài)變化。from beginning to end（從頭到尾，自始至終）from the beginnin

9、g to the end of-）;from hand to mouth（僅能糊 口），from bad to worse（越來越糟），from head to foot（從頭到腳）,from top to bottom （整個(gè)地，徹底地），from top to toe（全身），from start to finish （自始至終,從頭到尾）。（c）from one + 名詞 + to another 表示“依次”。如 from one car to another （順著車廂 依次地）。（d）名詞+by+同一單數(shù)名詞，表示“一個(gè)一個(gè)地”，要與fromto短語區(qū)別開: one by one個(gè)

10、一個(gè)地；little by little（bit）一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地；step by step一步一步地，逐漸地（但by and by不久以后）;sentence by sentence day by day side by side（with ） shoulder to shoulder hand in hand face to face逐句地；一天一天地；（和 ）并肩，一起: 肩并肩地，齊心協(xié)力 手拉手，緊緊地； 而對而。（5）in、after later in + 段時(shí)間：表示說話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間之后，與一般將來時(shí)連用；但表示“在之內(nèi)”時(shí)，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 一段吋i'可+ later（la

11、ter是副詞）：表示某一具體吋間或某一方面具體吋間算起的一段吋間 后。 after + 一段時(shí)間表示：“在之后”，用于一般過去時(shí)；但時(shí)間為點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí)，只能用after, 即after +點(diǎn)時(shí)間，用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。the doctor will be with us in six minutes.she graduated in 1981 ,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.he received her letter after four weeks.另外，in + 段時(shí)間+ ' s + time與with

12、in + 一段時(shí)間的用法如下：in a week's time = in a weekthey will arrive in three days, time.（與將來時(shí)連用）my brother's birthday is in two weeks' time.（作表語）111 finish the book within two weeks（within = in less than用于各種時(shí)態(tài),不超出，在之內(nèi)）2）above, below, over, under, onabove扌旨在上方，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與below相對；over指垂直的上方，與under相對

13、，但 over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。 on表示在某個(gè)物體的表面上，兩者是接觸的。the kite is flying above my head.風(fēng)箏在我的上空 e翔。there is a bridge over the rivci*.河而上有一座橋。i put my books on my desk.我把書放桌上。there is a cat under the table.一 只貓?jiān)谧雷拥紫隆lease write your name below the line.請?jiān)诖诵邢路綄懖纺愕拿帧?）in front of, in the front of 在前面in front o

14、f二before意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，兩者互不包括; 其反義詞是behind （在的后面）。in the front of意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的內(nèi)部.反義詞是at the back of.（在范圍內(nèi)的后部）。there are some flowers in front of the house.（房子前面有些花卉。）there is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。4）between, amongbetween指兩者或兩兩之間，among表示三者或三者以上之間。 we must hav

15、e a rest between classes.w間時(shí)間我們必須休息一下。 our teacher is standing among us.我們老師正站在我們中間。5）in/on/to 4- the + 方位詞（east/south/west/north） + ofin表示兩地有包含關(guān)系；on表示兩地毗鄰，接壤；to表示兩地相隔的關(guān)系。shanghai lies in the east of china._h海位于中國的東方。north korea is on the north of china.朝鮮在中國的北方。japan lies to the east of china. 口 本位

16、于中國的東方。表示時(shí)間的介詞常用的有：in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, fromto, after, before, past, to 等。1) in , on, at 在時(shí)in表示較長時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、年代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如：in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in january, in the morning, in one's life , in one's thirties 等。on表示具

17、體某一天。女口：星期、日期、節(jié)日及其早、中、晚°女口：on may 1st, on mon day, on april day, on a cold n ight, on sun day after noon 等。妣表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。如：at 3:20, at this lime of year, at the beginning of, at the end of at night, at noon, at the age of at christmas, at this moment 等?！咀⒁狻吭趌ast, next, this, that,

18、some, every等詞之前一般不用介詞。we must study harder next yea匚明年我們必須更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。2) in, after在之后“in +時(shí)間段”表示將來的一段時(shí)間以后，常用于將來時(shí)?！癮fter+吋間段"表示過去的一段吋i、可以后，常用于過去時(shí)態(tài)；“after+將來吋間點(diǎn)"表示將來的 某一時(shí)刻以后，常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)。my mother will come back in three or four days.我媽媽三四天z后會回來。he arrived after five months.他在五個(gè)月后到達(dá)的。she will appear a

19、fter five o'clock this afternoon.她將在今天下午五點(diǎn)之丿匸過來。3) from, since, forfrom僅說明什么時(shí)候開始，不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久;since后跟具體的過去時(shí)間，for后跟一段時(shí)間，通常與完成時(shí)連用，謂語動詞需要用延續(xù)性 動詞。he studied the piano from the age of three他從三歲開始學(xué)彈鋼琴。they have lived here since 1978.從 1978 年以來，他們一直住在這里。they have lived here for thirty years.他們住在這兒三十年了

20、。4) by, before, untilby+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，到.之前為止“by +將來時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，常用一般將來時(shí)；“by+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”, 常用于過去完成時(shí)。before在之前,后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，不能接時(shí)間段。until +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意為“直到."，主句應(yīng)該用延續(xù)性動詞；如果是短暫性動詞，用否定式"not.until.句型，意為“直到.才.”the work will be completed by the end of next month.這項(xiàng)工作到下個(gè)月底將會被完成。we must leave before 6:oo, or we may miss the early bus.我們必

21、須在6： 00之前出發(fā)，否則會錯(cuò)過早班車。they worked until 2 a.m. yesterday.他們昨天工作到凌晨兩點(diǎn)。they didn't stop working until 2a.m.他們直到凌晨兩點(diǎn)才停止工作。5) since, after不要將since與after混淆。比較：he has worked here since 1965.自從1965年以來，他一直在這兒工作。（指一段時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段）he began to work here after 1965.從1965年以后，他開始在這兒工作。（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)） 表示方式、手段或工具的介詞1）表

22、示交通方式：by +交通工具；on/in+限定詞+交通工具by bus=on the bus; by car=in a car2）with后接具體的交通工具；in表示使用某種語言，用墨水、顏色、顏料等“原料”名詞前不加冠詞；by表示用某種方式或手段，名詞前不加冠詞。on表示“以.的方式”i often write a letter with a pen.我經(jīng)常用鋼筆寫信。 whafs this in english?這個(gè)用英語怎么說？ this work is made by hand.這個(gè)作品是純手工制作的。 he called the police on the mobile phone.

23、他用 了手機(jī)報(bào)警。 表示往返方向的介詞to, towards, round, around, through, across, out of, into, off, from.to.,along 等。 through, across, overthrough指空間內(nèi)“穿過，通過”。across指從平面上“穿過，通過；在另一邊"。over指從上方“越過；從一邊到另一邊two friends are going through the forest.兩個(gè)好朋友正在穿過森林。don't go across the road when the light is red.紅燈時(shí)不能過馬

24、路。don't turn over the wall. it's very dangerous.別爬圍墻，那是非常危險(xiǎn)的。介詞的分類與語法功能（1）介詞是虛詞，不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，必須與名詞、代詞（或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞 類、短語或從句等）構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句屮充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。介詞分為：簡單介詞，如at、in、 for 等；合成介詞，如 within、inside> onto、througout 等；短語介詞，女d according to out ofbecause ofx by means of in spite of> instead of 等。 雙重介詞,如 fr

25、om behind / above / under> until after 等。分詞介i可，女i4 considering、including、judging（from/by） 等。常見的介詞賓語：名詞、代詞、動名詞、從句、不定式等。如： it is going to rain this after noon accordi ng to the weather forecast. he quarrelled with her yesterday he succeeded in passing the final exam. i' m still thinking of how

26、i can fulfil the task ahead of time. ©the professor will give us a talk on how to study english well.（2）介詞短語在句中可作表語、定語、狀語和賓補(bǔ)等。如： this machine is in good condition.（表語） where is the key to my bike?（定語） nothing in the world could live without air or water.（狀語） ©she always thinks herself abov

27、e others.（賓補(bǔ)）2、介詞搭配（1）“動詞+介詞”搭配：注意特定搭配與同一介詞與多個(gè)動詞搭配意義不同的情況。 rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow（ “奪去、除去”意 義的動詞與of連用） supply us with food / f川 the glass with wine （“供給”意義的動詞與 with 連用） ©make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat （“制作、 制造”意義與of、frorrix into連用）

28、介詞+ the +部位與動詞的關(guān)系（二動詞+ sb/ s+部位，可換用）strike him on the head（ u擊，拍，碰，摸”意義與on連用） catch him by the arm（ u抓，拉，拿，扯”意義與by連用） hit the boy in the face （u肚,胸,眼，臉”等人體前部與in連用） prevent（stop, keep）sb. from doing sth.（ “ 阻止，禁止”意義與 from 連用） ©persuade（advise, warn）sb. into doing sth.（“ 說服，建議”意義與 into 連用） buy sb

29、. for sth.（leave> get> win、gain> lose 等"得失”意義與 for 連用） tell sth.to sb.（showx teach> sing> write> read 等“告知”意義與 to 連用） give sth. to sb. （give> allow promise> pass hand 等"授予”意義與 to 連用） 注意：可換成buy sb.sth.雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。 say to sb.（suggest> explain、apologize、murmur、whisper 與“對象

30、”連用必須用 to） 不可說 suggest sb.sth,（2）“名詞+介詞”要注意習(xí)慣搭配和意義區(qū)分。the absence of water 缺水the hope of success 成功的希望have a chance of （for） entering college 上大學(xué)的機(jī)會 take pride in them為他們感到驕傲 the key to the question 問題的答案 a medicine for cough 治咳嗽的藥 the ticket for tomorrow 明天的票in beijing 去了北京his abeseneefrom beijing不在

31、北京to study學(xué)習(xí)方i去the wayof studying maths學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)的方法鞏固練習(xí)1. he kept his head and thenwater when he began to learn swimming, but he raised his head nowa. overb. below2. another grand bridge will be builta. alongb. up3. ill leave beijing for guangzhoubeijingour national day.a. in, inb. after, in4. the huge p

32、icture looks more beautifula. againstb. to5. the climate here doesn agreeher.a. tob. on6. 2. standard time in beijing is eight hours 間).a. afterb. frontc.aboved. upthe pearl river in our city.c ond. acrossa week, while my brother will leave guangzhou forc. after, afterd. in，afterthe blue skyc. overd

33、. underc. withd. atgreenwich mean time(gmt格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)c. ahead ofd. forward7. can you tell me what's your aim in life, li ping?i am aiminga famous physicist.a. atb. forc. ind. to8. npassthe bus, everyone.h the conductor shouted politelya. onb. intoc. tod. along9.1 was angrymissing the gongfu film wit

34、h cheng long as heroa. atb. withc. ford. on10. we were anxiousnews of your safe arrival.a. tob. ofc. ford. at11 tom was arguingthe payment of the billjohn.d. with; withd. toa. about; onb. over; withc on; on12. they were astonishedthe news of his escape from prison.a. forb. inc. at13. he was absorbed

35、a book and didn't hear your repeated call.a. tob. inc. withd. at14. 一 are you familiar with the bank over there?only a little, i have an accountit.a. inb. withc. tod. of15. the doctor bentthe boy and checked his wound.a. upb. onc aboved. over16. maiy answered all the questionsthe last one, which

36、 she had never heard of before.a. besidesb. exceptc apart fromd. except for17. hunan liessuch provinces as hubei, jiangxi, guangdong, guizhou and chongqin.a. amongb.abovec. besided. between18. the dying man isthe help of the doctor.a. outsideb withoutc. out ofd. beyond19 i don5t know why he blamed t

37、he accidentme.a. atb. toc. ford. on20. the horse is blindthe left eye.a. tob. inc. ford. on21. he is very strict with others, but he is always blindhis own shortcomings.a. forb. toc. withd. in22. we will never forget this historical lesson writtenblood.a. byb. withc. ofd. in23. it is said that a bri

38、dge is being builtthe river.a. underb. toc. overd. at24. how did you go to work yesterday?一 i went to workmy friends private ca匚a. byb. inc. ond. at25. the train leaves at 6:00 pun., so i have to be at the station5:40 p.m at the least.a. untilb. afterc. byd. around26.1 calledyou last night, but you

39、were out.a. with b. onc. at d. in27. you should write the first letter of the sentencecapital one.a. onb- withc. ind. at28. he is too carefulhis money; he never buys a drink for us.a. tob. at c. ford. with29. can you saycertain when he will come here?a. atb. forc. withd. in30. more than 20 years ago

40、 he was badly wounded in the anti-vietnam war. since then he can onlywalkan arm-chair a. inb. onc. byd. over31 einstein didnx care for money. once he used a check$1000 as a bookmark and then helost it.a. forb- ofc. aboutd. to32. when the chinese delegation arrived at vienna airport, they were receiv

41、edcheersa. inb. forc. ond. with33. the little boy is very cleverevery subject.a. atb. inc. about d. on34. her clothes are very brightcolour.a. ofb. inc. ond. with35 don y sitthe corner of the desk. that5s impolite for a studen匸a. onb. inc. tod. at36. it is said that the step-mother is very cruelthe

42、children.a. withb. atc. aboutd. to37. the boy is curiouseverything. i am sure he is very clever.a. tob. aboutc. withd. in3& she is crazythe film star, while her brother is crazysurfing.a. to; forb. on; toc. for; atd. for; on39. once everyone ishis life, he will instinctively（本能）find every possib

43、le waya. in danger of; out of dangerb in the danger of; out of dangerc. in danger of; out of the dangerd. in the danger of; out of the danger40. let's put our heads together and decidea plan of action.a. onb- aboutc. ford. at41. during her study in massachusetts institute of tech no logy she has

44、 got the degreephd,and it is a degreechemistry.a. of; atb. in; atc. of; ind. in; of42. in china children, even in their twenties depended their parents food andclothing.a. upon; onb. on; inc. on; ford at; to43. our national scenery zhangjiajie is so charming that it isdescription.a. outb. besidec. o

45、verd. beyond44. theof modern industry, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.a. with; developingb under; developmentc. with; developmentd under; developing45. the twins look much like each other, but they are differentnaturea. inb. aboutc. ond. with46. his disadvantage, it began to rain he

46、avily suddenly.a. atb. withc.tod. for47. she was disappointedhearing the news that chinese football team lost the first match in“world cup".a. atb. inc. ofd. with4& some new changes happenedthe schoolmy absence.a. at; tob in; forc. in; duringd at; on49. he goesat 8 a.m. and comesat 5 p.m. t

47、oday he isa. on duty; off duty; on night dutyb on his duty; off the duty; on night dutyc. to duty; from duty; at night dutyd in duty; out duty; at night duty50. the englishman has a very good earmusic. you can ask him for some advice.a. atb. ofc. ford. in51. don't put your cell （手機(jī)）the edge of t

48、he table, or it will fall offa. atb. onc. tod. in52. the struggle against sand storm will not endvictory unless we pay much attention tothe balance of nature.a. atb. inc. ford. with53. our music teacher often enjoyedplaying the violin in his spare time.a. him byb. himself byc. him ind. himself with5

49、4. the football fans cheered their teamthe entrancethe field.a. at; onb. in; atc. at; tod. on; at55. all the students envied himhaving succeeded in the tofel test.a. asb. forc. ind. with56. in the college entrance examination, one of my students did very wellpoor handwriting.a. exceptb except forc e

50、xcept thatd. but for57.1 am sure you will excuse menot telling you ahead of time.a. fromb. forc. sinced. at58. it is said that a collection of paintings by david isexhibition at the museum.a. onb. atc. ford. in59. during the whole tv interview, the middle-school girl student never once looked me.a.

51、in faceb on the facec. in the faced. to the face60. officially the frenchman is in charge, buthis secretary does all the worka. in needb. in factc for factd. for this reason61 i am notthis city would you please introduce it to me?一 with pleasure.a. familiar tob. familiar inc. familiar ford. familiar

52、 with62. this area is famousits apples and it is famousthe home of applea with; forb. for; asc. for; asd. as; to63. the plan for a new airport have been scrappedan extension to the old one.a. in favourb. out of favourc. in favour ofd. favouritedon64. they huitied awayfear that should be caught in ra

53、in.a. inb. forc. at65. two dogsa bone, and a third runs away with ita fight backb fight withc fight againstd fight for66. when the good news that our football team won the championship, the hall was at oncegreat joy.a. filled ofb. full withc. filled withd. fill withhis office than anyone elsec. with

54、d. of67. the prime minister was more fitb. toa. for6& when the boy playing by the river fell into the river, i was out of the room.a. in flashb. in a flashc. as a flashd. for a flash69. with the guide leading the way, the visitors were able to travel through the forest not by air butfoot.a. byb.

55、 onc. ind. with70.1 know it is difficulthim to talk like the lecturer, but i think he should grasp everychance.a. ofb. forc. withd. over71 people eat a lot of sugarcakes, soft drinks, sweets and so on every daya. in form ofb. in the shape of c shaped byd at form of72. we couldnt read the notice on t

56、he board because several people were standingit.a. in front ofb. in the front ofc at the back ofd. in back of73. it is not righta person who istroublea. to make fun of; at b. to make fun of; inc to be made fun of; in d. to be made funof; with74. we wentour plan carefully before we carried it out.a. throughb. offc. outd. with75. taiji boxing is goodhealth, so the old man began to