探析初中數學教學中學生創(chuàng)新思維能力的培養(yǎng)

1、創(chuàng)新是一個民族的靈魂，是一個國家興旺發(fā)達的不竭動力。當今，現代科技迅猛發(fā)展， 對學生的創(chuàng)新思維能力提出了更高的要求。對學生而言，初中階段是培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新思維能力的黃 金時期，而貝有創(chuàng)造性的學習活動在一定程度上能夠激發(fā)他們的創(chuàng)新思維能力。初中數學是 一門基礎的學科,其教學的最終h的就是培養(yǎng)學生的思維能力，為學生將來的發(fā)展奠定基礎。 在數學教學屮，培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新思維能力任重而道遠，需要我們進行長期的努力。一、活躍課堂教學氛圍，誘發(fā)學生創(chuàng)新意識民主、平等的教學氛圍才能促使創(chuàng)造思維能力的形成和發(fā)展。在初屮數學課堂教學屮， 師生關系是學習氛圍的一個重要方而。師生關系融洽，使學生們能夠敢說、敢問、敢想，從 而能

2、夠誘發(fā)學生的創(chuàng)新思維能力。平等、民主、輕松、和諧的師生關系和課堂氣氛才能冇利 于開啟學生的創(chuàng)造潛能，培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)造性思維；口由、輕松、積極的教學環(huán)境，才有利于 學生突破常規(guī)，勇于想彖。教學中教師應以活躍課堂教學、激活學生創(chuàng)新思維作為出發(fā)點， 運川各種方式，為學牛構建良好的課堂教學氛圍，活潑教學課堂，才有利于學牛探索創(chuàng)新的 學習情境。有效地組織學生積極參與課堂活動，真正做到課堂上活躍起來。教師應激勵學生 勇于探究，敢于挑戰(zhàn)問題，勇往直前的精神。二、巧設問題情境，引導學牛主動探究初屮數學教師在教學實踐屮要對教材有深入的探究，并能夠發(fā)現學生生活屮的數學問題, 從學生的實際出發(fā)，通過創(chuàng)設問題情境培養(yǎng)學

3、生的創(chuàng)新想、維能力。比如，教師可以借助一些 需要用數學知識解決實際問題的例子激發(fā)學生提問的興趣,如銀行的活期、定期的利率不同， 存款所得的利息計算等。在這一點上，教師要對學生的學習情況有較為全面的了解，弄清處 不同層次學生的學習水平，并有針對性地挖掘學生的好奇心和求知欲。耍引導學生從身邊的 數學現象進行探究，從而激發(fā)學生學習數學的興趣。針對不同學生的學習能力，教師所提出 的問題應該在難度上有所區(qū)分，并堅持由易到難的學習進度，對教材的更難點進行二次加工， 便于學生的不同程度地接收。在問題的設計中要盡量設計一些具有新穎性、思維性、擴散 性的問題，鼓勵學生進行獨立的思考，并樂于分享自己思考的結果，讓

4、學生在分享之后進行 再次討論得出正確的結論，這個探究學習的過程較以往教師灌輸式的模式要更有效率，學牛 能夠在課堂上得到充分的鼓勵，并營造了思考的氛圍，學牛長此以往就會成為學習的主動者， 從而調動和培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新思維能力三、重視學生想象力的培養(yǎng)想象是思維探索的翅膀。因此，在初中數學教學中，教師要引導學綸進行數學想象，往 往能縮煎解決問題的時間，獲得數學發(fā)現的機會，鍛煉數學思維。想象力是培養(yǎng)學生創(chuàng)新思 維能力的源泉，人類思維屮無與倫比的想象力是使科學不斷進入未知領域的原始動力。想象 不同于胡思亂想，想象有以下兒個基本要素:笫一，因為想象往往是一種知識飛躍性的聯結， 因此耍有扎實的基礎知識和豐富的經

5、驗的支持。奧蘇貝爾在同化概念里認為：同化就是所學 的新知識與原有認知結構相互作用，原有認知結構包含了新知識并擴人自身，形成更高度分 化的認知結構的過程。第二，要有能迅速擺脫表象t擾的敏銳的洞察力和豐富的想象力。第 三,要有執(zhí)著追求的悄感。因此，培養(yǎng)學生的想象力,學好有關的基礎知識是非常重要的。 新知識的產生除去推理外，常常包含前人的想象因素，所以在初中數學教學中應根據教材潛 在的因索，創(chuàng)設想象情境，提供想象材料，誘發(fā)學牛的創(chuàng)造性想象。四、培養(yǎng)學生白己動手的能力，開展多種創(chuàng)造性的活動楊振寧博士曾做過這樣的對比，“中國學生學習成績比一起學習的美國學生好得多，然 而10年示，科研成果卻比人家少得多，

6、原因何在？就在于美國的學生思維活躍，動手能力 和創(chuàng)新能力強”。因此，我們的教育應向美國學習一些好的方法，多給學生一些h由時間， 讓學生多做一些創(chuàng)造性的工作，教師要讓學生積極參為課堂，開動腦筋，拓寬思維，并發(fā)現 自己在分析問題、解決問題時的不足之處。例如：在講解應用題時教學生，盡量讓學生能一 題多解，乂或者把原題改題、編題、變題等靈活變通，從而加深滬牛對新知識的理解，提高 探索新知識的興趣，這個過程不僅訓練了學生的玄覺思維和簡單的邏輯思維能力，也培養(yǎng)了 學生認識事物的獨創(chuàng)性和跳躍性思維。除此以外，還應培養(yǎng)學生動手動腦的創(chuàng)造能力，如讓 學生進行小制作、小發(fā)明，并經常表揚學生的勞動成果。這樣就能激發(fā)

7、學生的創(chuàng)造發(fā)明欲望， 提高學生的創(chuàng)新思維能力和動手操作能力。總之，培養(yǎng)學牛的創(chuàng)新思維能力需要教師在教學中不斷探索和實踐。在初中數學教學中 教師要始終做到“心中冇學生，心中冇主體”，營造和諧愉悅的課堂氛圍，創(chuàng)設問題情境， 讓學生去重新體驗發(fā)現知識的過程，并提出一些問題去自主探究解決，重視數學活動的過程, 重視數學思想方法的教學；使學生在教學過程中不斷提高創(chuàng)新思維能力。因此，教師要不斷 改變傳統(tǒng)的教學模式，不斷啟發(fā)、誘導、教育學生樂于探索，勇于探索，善于探索。inno vati on is the soul of a n atio n* is the in exhaustible drivi ng

8、 force for the prosperity of a coun try. today, moder n scie nee and tech no logy rapid developme nt, to the students' i nno vative thinking ability put forward higher requirements. for students, junior middle school stage is to cultivate inno vative thin king ability of the golde n age, and cre

9、ative lear ning activities in a certai n exte nt to stimulate their creative thinking ability. junior high school mathematics is a basic subject, the ultimate goal of teachi ng is to cultivate the stude nts1 thinking ability, to lay a good foun dati on for the developme nt of the stude nts in the fu

10、ture in mathematics teachi ng, cultivate stude nts' creative thinking ability is a long way to go, we need iong-term efforts a, active classroom atmosphere, induce students° creative consciousnessdemocratic and equal teachi ng atmosphere to en courage the formati on and developme nt of crea

11、tive thinking ability the relati on ship betwee n teachers and stude nts in junior middle school mathematics classroom teachi ng is an importa nt aspect of lear ning atmosphere harmonious relati on ship betwee n teachers and stude nts, en able the stude nts to dare to say, dare, dare to think, able

12、to induce the students" ability of creative thinking. equality, democracy, relaxed, harm onious relati on ship betwee n teachers and stude nts and classroom atmosphere can help open the students' creative potential, develop the students' creative thinking; free, relaxed and positive tea

13、chi ng environ ment, to help students break through the conve ntional, dare to imagi ne. in teaching teachers should take active classroom teachi ng, activate the stude nts' creative thinking as a start i ng point, using a variety of ways, build good classroom teachi ng atmosphere for stud en ts

14、, lively classroom teachi ng, is helpful for stude nts to explore inn ovative lear ning situations. effectively organize students to actively participate in class activities, really perked up in class teachers should motivate students to explore, dare to challenge problem, the spirit of courage.seco

15、nd, set problem situation opportunely, guides the student to actively exploredjunior middle school mathematics teachers in the teachi ng practice to have in-depth exploration to the teachi ng material, and can be found that the stude nts of mathematical problems in life, from the reality of students

16、, through the creation of problem situation to cultivate the students' innovative thinking ability. for example, teachers can use some examples of need to use mathematical knowledge to solve practical problems arouse students' interest in questions, such as bank of current and time is differ

17、ent, the interest rate for the savings of the proceeds of the interest calculation, etc at this point, the teacher must have comprehensive knowledge of students' learning situation, find out different levels of students learning level, and targeted to tap students' curiosity and thirst for k

18、nowledge. to guide students from nearby explore the phenomenon of mathematics, so as to stimulate students' interest in learning mathematics. according to different students1 learning ability, the teacher questions should be in difficulty to disti nguish, and stick to progress from easy to diffi

19、cult, the difficult point of teachi ng material of sec on dary processing, facilitate stude nts receive in differe nt degrees in the desig n of the problem to desig n no vel, thinking, diverge nt questi ons, en courage students to in depe ndent thinking, and willing to share their thinking as a resu

20、lt, let the students discuss again after share the right conclusion, this process of inquiry learning teacher force-feeding the model to be more efficient than ever before and are fully encouraged students to class, and built the atmosphere of thinking, the students in the long term will become acti

21、ve learners, to arouse and cultivate students' innovative thinking abilitythird, attention to the cultivation of students* imaginationimagination is the wing of thinking to explore. therefore, in the junior middle school mathematics teaching, teachers should guide students to mathematical imagin

22、ation, often can shorten the time to solve the problem, opportunity to gain mathematical discovery, exercise mathematical thinking. imagination is the source of cultivating students1 innovative thinking ability, unparalleled imagination in the human mind is the original power to science continued in

23、to the unknown. i magi nation is differe nt from the thinki ng, imagi ne the followi ng a few basic elements: first, because imagination is often a leap of knowledge cormection, so to have a solid basis of knowledge and rich experienee. ausubel in the concept assimilation: assimilation is learning n

24、ew knowledge and original cognitive structure interaction, the original cognitive structure contains the new knowledge and expand itself a more highly differentiation process of cognitive structure second, we should have a keen insight can quickly get rid of the image interference and rich imaginati

25、on. third, we should have a persistent pursuit of emotion. therefore, to cultivate the stude nts' imagi nation, it is very imports nt to lear n about the basic knowledge of. new knowledge is produced by removing the reasonin目 often contain predecessors' imagi nation factors, so in the j unio

26、r middle school mathematics teachi ng should be according to the teachi ng material pote ntial factors, imagi ne situati on, provide imaginati on materials, induce students1 creative imagination.fourth, cultivate students' ability of diy, carry out a variety of creative activitiesdr yang ever do

27、 such a contrast, hthe chinese students study result is much better than the american students who study together; ten years later, however, research is much less than the somebody else, why? is that the students' thinking active, practice ability and innovation ability'1. therefore, our edu

28、cation should learn from the united states some good method, to give students more free time, let the students do some creative work, teachers should make students actively participate in the classroom, use your head, broaden the mind, and he found himself on the analysis of the problems, solve the

29、problem of deficiency. in the interpretation of the applicatio n, for example, whe n teachi ng stude nts，try to let the stude nts can be more tha n one solution, or the original topic change topic, problem, change the topic, such as flexibility, so as to deepen students' understanding of new kno

30、wledge and improve the interest, explore new knowledge this process not only train the students1 intuitive thinki ng and simple logical thin king ability, and cultivate the stude nts to un d erst a nd somethi ng origi nal and un conve ntional thinking. in addition, still should cultivate student's creative ability, such as let the student to carry on the small productio r sma